Tomb
Raiders of KV 46 How thorough were the robbers who plundered the tomb of
Yuya and Tuyu? How many times was the tomb robbed, and what were the thieves
after? This study of post interment activity in KV 46 provides some answers.
Special KV 55 Section
========
Follow the trail of the missing treasures from mysterious KV 55.
The
Tomb of Maihirpre Learn about Victor Loret's
important discovery of this nearly intact tomb in the Valley of the Kings.
Special Section:
Tomb Robbers!
Who were the real tomb raiders?
What beliefs motivated their actions? A new perspective on the ancient practice
of tomb robbing.
Special Section:
Spend a Night
with the Royal Mummies Read Pierre Loti's eerie account of
his nocturnal visit to the Egyptian Museum's Hall of Mummies.
Special Section: An
Audience With Amenophis II Journey
once more with Pierre Loti as he explores the shadowy chambers of KV 35 in the
early 1900's.
Most of the images on this website have been
scanned from books, all of which are given explicit credit and, wherever
possible, a link to a dealer where they may be purchased. Some images derive
from other websites. These websites are also acknowledged in writing and by
being given a link, either to the page or file where the images appear, or to
the main page of the source website. Images forwarded to me by individuals who
do not supply the original image source are credited to the sender. All written
material deriving from other sources is explicitly credited to its author.
Feel free to use material from the Theban Royal Mummy Project website.
No prior written permission is required. Just please follow the same guidelines
which I employ when using the works of other researchers, and give the Theban
Royal Mummy Project propercredit on your own papers, articles, or
web pages.
--Thank You
This website is constantly developing and contributions
of data from other researchers are welcomed.
Contact The Theban Royal Mummy Project at:
anubis4_2000@yahoo.com
Background Image: Wall scene from the tomb of Ramesses II (KV 7.) From Karl
Richard Lepsius, Denkmäler (Berlin: 1849-1859.)
Introduction
The Theban Royal Mummy Project
represents an attempt to bring archeological data about New Kingdom and
Third Intermediate Period royal mummies from the Theban cache tombs
together in an easy-to-access, systematic fashion. Royal and non-royal
mummies from other locations in the Valley of the Kings also fall within the scope of this
project. The information presented below derives from numerous sources:
Valley of the Kings; The Decline of a Royal Necropolis (1990) by C.
N. Reeves, The Mummy in Ancient Egypt (1998) by Salima Ikram
and Aidan Dodson, Egyptian Mummies (1924) by G. Elliot Smith
and Warren Dawson, Smith's Royal Mummies (1912), Daressy's
Cercueils des cachettes royales (1909) and Fouilles de la Vallee
des Rois 1898-1899 (1902), Gaston Maspero's Les momies royales de
Dier el-Bahari (1889),etc. Many other sources were used and
will be indicated in the source bibliographies which accompany each
mummy's entry. Sources are mostly given in parenthesis at the end of
an entry, but are sometimes also noted (again in parenthesis) in the body
of a text. A link to a key explaining the abbreviations used for book and
publication titles is found at the end of each
entry. The descriptions
accompanying images of mummies follow standard guidelines. Each
description names the mummy and notes its historical period. The mummy's
provenance, discovery date, and current location (with museum catalogue
number or numbers) are listed, followed by brief biographical data and
discovery details. This latter category includes short descriptions of the
mummy's condition and objects found with the mummy (including coffin or
coffins.) This is followed by information about post-interment activity,
such as robberies, restorations and reburials that pertain to the mummy.
Reeves provides the primary source for this post interment data, and also
for the docket information which is included in many of the mummies'
entries. Translations of dockets (inscriptions found on shrouds of mummies
or on their coffins) are presented exactly as they appear in Reeves' work,
with no attempt to correct typographical errors that sometimes occur in
The Valley of the Kings; the Decline of a Royal Necropolis. I
attempt to transcribe hieroglyph transliterations as faithfully as
possible, but my HTML editor lacks a font capable of reproducing all the
sub- and superscripts used in the accepted system of
transliteration. Wherever possible,
descriptions of mummies are supplemented with additional images and data
which appear on other pages of this site. Internal links to these pages
appear in the text of a given description (indicated by underlined,
highlighted text.) However, an attempt has also been made throughout
to utilize other online resources. External links to sites which amplify
the information provided in each description are given (also indicated by
underlined, highlighted text.) My choice of external links is naturally
based on personal preferences, but I've tried to link users to sites which
offer the most relevant information currently available online concerning the mummies and their
historical milieu. Most of the biographical
links appearing in the descriptions now connect to Wikipedia, to which I also provide links at the tops of
all Gallery pages for data concerning the different ancient Egyptian
dynasties. Charles
Jones, Librarian of the Oriental Institute of Chicago, recently informed
me of the University of Chicago's online version of G. E. Smith's Royal Mummies. This is a
wonderful resource and provides large, good quality digital copies of all
the text and plates of this classic work. I provide links to plate
reproductions from this work after the "photo credit" given in each each
mummy's entry. Donald P. Ryan wrote to inform me of his website, which
contains much valuable information on the mummies which he found in KV 60
and KV 21. These mummies will be included in the "Unidentified Mummies"
Gallery, and are of great interest, especially since the KV 60 mummy is
thought by some to be Hatshepsut. Other
websites used for sources of images or data are given explicit
acknowledgement which includes a link to either their main page or to the
specific page or image used as a source. Anyone wishing to use The
Theban Royal Mummy Project website as a source of images or data may
do so without writing to me for prior permission. However, I would ask
that they acknowledge me as the source of this material and provide a link
to the T.R.M.P. on the pages where this material is
used. In an effort to make each mummy's
description an independent unit, I repeat biographical and tomb-data links
that may have been used on other descriptions on the same gallery page.
However, in order to avoid too much redundancy, I do not repeat links
within individual descriptions. As with all
data collecting and systematizing enterprises, this one will inevitably
grow. Descriptions will be revised, and new mummies will be added to the
entries which currently appear. My goal is to provide an entry for every
mummy found in the cache tombs, and this will take several months to
accomplish. (I will also include the mummies of Mahirpra, Yuya, Tuyu,
Tutankhamen, the two fetuses found in his tomb [KV 62], the KV 60 and KV
21 mummies discovered by Donald P. Ryan, the controversial KV 55 mummy,
and some mummies in the USA which certain researchers believe might be
some of the missing kings from the DB 320 cache.)
Other researchers are welcome to contribute data to this project.
Regarding such contributions, I would especially like to thank Ángel
González y Arema of Madrid, Spain, who has corresponded regularly with me
and sent much in the way of data and photographs from his own extensive
collection. His efforts in support of this project are greatly
appreciated. Also, please let me know of any
errors that might have inadvertently been overlooked or images that might
have accidentally gone uncredited. Comments and suggestions are welcomed.
I may be contacted at the email address given on the navigation bar on the
left side of each page. I hope that this site
will prove helpful to researchers studying New Kingdom and early Third
Intermediate Period royal mummies. I've attempted to systematize the
scholarly research of Egyptologists, such as Salima Ikram, Aidan Dodson,
C. N. Reeves, Elizabeth Thomas, G. E. Smith, etc., and present it in
a format which takes advantage of the possibilities of the internet. The
important research of these scholars will thus be able to reach a much
wider audience in a form that is easier to use for research
purposes.
I've had a lot of fun creating this website, and would like to thank everyone who has provided a link to it on their own websites. I've also been very pleased by the positive reception the site has gotten from professional Egyptologists and researchers. Much thanks to C. N. Reeves, Donald P. Ryan, Joyce Tyldesley, and Salima Ikram for their words of encouragement. Thanks are also due to Susan Allen, Ángel González y Arema, Dylan Bickerstaffe, Bob Brier, Anand Balaji, Kara Cooney, Dennis Forbes, Kate Fulcher, Marc Gabolde, Charles Jones, John Larson, Rogerio Sousa and Monica J. Verona who have corresponded with me and very generously shared their research with me.