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Central American river turtle reaches a length of more than 24 inches (60
cm) and a weight of almost 50 lb (22 kg), making it the largest freshwater
turtle in its range. Its webbed feet allow only awkward movement on land;
as a result, these turtles do not bask upon logs or river banks like other
freshwater turtles, but do occasionally float on the water's surface. The
turtle is able to remain underwater for long periods without surfacing for
air. This species is primarily nocturnal, hiding below the surface or
being relatively inactive until twilight. Diet consists of aquatic
vegetation and fallen leaves and fruit. Otters are regular predators.
Nesting occurs in April and December along shallow side channels that
are easier for turtles to access after the rainy season, when water levels
become higher. Eggs are hard-shelled and vary from 6 to 26 per clutch.
The Central American river turtle is restricted to coastal lowlands of
the western Caribbean, from central Vera Cruz in Mexico southeast through
northern Guatemala and Belize. It is not found on the Yucatan Peninsula,
but may extend into Honduras. There are no estimates of the population
size.
Preferred habitat includes large, open rivers and permanent lakes. The
species seems to prefer clear water, which is not typically found in
seasonal or temporary ponds, but also tolerates brackish water and is
sometimes found in tidal reaches. Nests are dug in sand, clay, or mud
within a few feet of the water's edge.
This species is rapidly declining over much of its primary range in
Mexico as a result of exploitation as a food source. The turtle is very
east to catch, and both its meat and eggs are valued. There is no
information on its status in Guatemala. In Belize, significant populations
remain, but they too are heavily harvested for food. In northern Chiapas,
new roads have left previously inaccessible turtle populations vulnerable
to exploitation.
With adequate conservation and proper management programs, the species
could become a sustained-yield food resource with considerable economic
value. Further study is needed to assess this potential and to develop a
pilot management program. Existing restrictions on hunting need to be
fully enforced and possibly extended or realigned to guarantee that the
species is protected during its nesting periods. |