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The world reserves of fossil fuel will sooner or later be depleted as they are limited and new discoveries are declining. Petroleum has an expected life of 43 years, coal of 174 years, natural gas of 56 years and uranium of 66 years. Combustion of fossil fuels is accompanied by production of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides and methane.

These gases have a significant adverse influence on the earth’s environment. There is another virtually unlimited source of energy directly beneath our feet, called geothermal energy, the heat of the earth’s core. In many volcanic areas of the world, geothermal energy reaches the surface as hot water or steam which can be used to derive turbines to generate electricity, but so far no economic method of utilizing it has been found.

An alternative source of energy which does not involve greenhouse production and is also renewable is solar energy. The solar radiation falling on the earth is only one-2 billionth of the energy that the sun is emitting.

Yet this energy, falling on the earth for one hour, is equal to the amount of energy consumed in one year by human society. Current research and development efforts have made it possible to improve the performance of solar cells so that lower cost systems are now becoming available. Ultimately amorphous silicon will be available in thin film devices which will be incorporated into the roofs of existing houses. Already some of theses devices are available and they are becoming cost effective in appropriate locations. Demonstration projects of such systems are now being widely undertaken in Europe, Japan and the USA.

This site describes how thin film solar cell can be incorporated into the roofing structures of buildings.

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