Este
prima forma
a unui
verb si
poate fi
lung (cu TO) sau
scurt (fara TO) . Poate
sa aiba
mai multe
timpuri si
diateze :
-
prezent
simplu (to) write ;
-
prezent
continuu (to) be writing ;
-
perfect
simplu (to) have written ;
-
perfect
continuu (to) have been
writing ;
-
pasiv
prezent (to) be written ;
-
pasiv
perfect (to) have been
written .
*Infinitivul
scurt este
cerut de
verbele modale , de
auxiliarele do , shall , will, should , would , precum
si de
verbele de
perceptie (see, hear , notice , smell , feel ) , precum
si verbele LET
si MAKE .
Exemple
: I
wont let
go .
The
grass was
let grow .
They
tried to
make us
understand .
She
made everybody
feel uncomfortable .
I
could feel
the house
shake .
Have
you ever
heard me
swear ?
*Infinitivul lung poate
determina un : verb ,
adjectiv ( happy , easy ,
much ,
important , the last , the
least , etc.), numeral (two ,
four , the
first , etc.) ; pronume ( somebody , nobody , the
one , the ones ,
whom , which
, what , whose , etc.); adverb ( early , late , soon, never, where, why , when ,
how , etc.).
Exemple :
She loves
to spend
her weekends
in the
open .
It
is easy
to do it if
you know
the rules .
I
still have
two to translate .
He
is the
one to deliver the
speech .
We
havent decided
where to
give the
party .
Poate avea diferite
functii in propozitie :
-
subiect : To
speak a
foreign languages
has proved
useful .
-
nume
predicativ : Good results is
to learn
every day .
-
atribut :
The first
thing to
do was
learn the
poem .
-
complement
direct : He wants
to go
for a picnic .
-
Circ. de
scop.( Purpose Clause )
** Ca PURPOSE CLAUSE (circ. de scop)
, poate aparea ca determinand
acelasi subiect
cu al
intregii propozitii
sau determinand
un alt
subiect :
-
daca se
refera la
acelasi subiect , poate aparea ca
atare sau
introdus de
cuvintele in
order to, so
as to .
e.g. She
didnt say
a word so as
not to
be punished .
He borrowed some
money in
order to
buy the
dictionary .
-
daca se
refera la
alt subiect , acesta va
aparea sub
forma unui
complement indirect
precedat de
for. Constructia se
numeste the for-to
infinitive
e.g.
She was
the last
to arrive
for everybody to
admire her new dress .
They bought
a new
TV set for
the children
to watch
movies in
their room .
The kids
played outside , for
me to
take a
nap .
OBS. Toate
aceste constructii
pot fi inlocuite de
subjonctiv sau
gerund :
e.g. : He borrowed some money
for buying
a
She was
the last
to arrive
so that everybody should
admire...
Acest lucru
este valabil
si pentru
cazurile in
care infinitivul
are alte
functii in
propozitie :
Exemple :
It is important to
work hard .
Ø
It is important
that you
should work
hard .
The
house to
let belongs to
my uncle .
Ø
The
house that
should be
lent belongs
to my
uncle .
Id
like them
to spend the
weekend with
us .
Ø
Id
like that
they should
spend the
weekend with
us .
He kept quiet
so as
not to disturb
her .
Ø
He kept quiet
so that
he shouldnt
disturb her .
Infinitivul poate
aparea in
unele situatii
doar reprezentat
de particula
TO , pentru a evita
repetarea :
e. g. :
I cant swim although
Id love
to .
She could
help but
doesnt want
to .
CONSTRUCTII
CU INFINITIV
1.
Acuzativ cu
infinitiv .
In acest tip
de propozitii , acuzativul
reprezinta de
fapt subiectul infinitivului
.
e.g. : She
invited him
to open the
festival .
We saw
her write
her homework .
OBS. In cazul
verbelor de
perceptie , infinitivul poate
fi inlocuit
cu o
forma -ing , daca
se face
referire la
o actiune
in plina
desfasurare .
e. g. : I
saw you dancing .
Everybody could
hear him
playing the
piano .
2.
Nominativ cu
infinitiv .
Este o
constructie specifica
diatezei pasive , dar
poate fi
intalnita si
cand predicatul
contine un
adjectiv . Nominativul este
subiectul intregii
propozitii dar
in acelasi
timp al
infinitivului .
e. g. : She
is considered to
become the
new vice-president .
They were
easy to
convince about
the trip .
Aceasta constructie
poate fi
transformata intr-o fraza
pasiva cu
subiect impersonal , urmata
de o
propozitie compl. directa (
cu verb
la subjonctiv
sau o
forma a
infinitivului ):
e. g. : Wine is
said to
be good
for the
heart .
Ø
It is said
that wine
is good
for the
heart .
He has
been known
to speak
three foreign
languages .
Ø
It has been
known that
he speaks
three foreign
languages .
They were
asked to
deliver the
papers on
Monday .
Ø
It was asked
that they
(should) deliver
the papers
on Monday .
In cazul
verbelor de
perceptie infinitivul
poate fi
inlocuit , si la
pasiv , cu un
participiu prezent (-ing) ,
pentru a
scoate in
evidenta continuitatea
actiunii .
e. g. :
He was
seen stealing
into the
house .
They were
heard quarrelling .