Executive Council of the Provisional Government, January, 1893  From left to right: J.A. King, S.B. Dole, W. O. Smith, P.C. Jones.

The Provisional Government was created after the Committee of Safety, comprised of various haoles such as Sanford B. Dole, overthrew Queen Lili'uokalani's government with the help from the U.S. Marines.       The Provisional Government wrote up an annexation treaty and submitted it to President Cleveland who rejected the proposal after an investigation conducted by James Blount found the overthrow was a conspiracy between the Committee and Stevens. Cleveland was in support of Lili'uokalani, but did not have Congressional support to help her militarily.