SLUDGE VICTIMS

May 2001 update - compiled by Helane Shields - prepared for WWW by ESRA

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burdens reported in he world so far'.

These compounds are also detectable in urban and rural air 10 indicating the potential for long-distance atmospheric transport. It seems that BDEs are an important - but generally unrecognized - persistent Organic Pollutant in the United States. Extensive use of Penta and the high burden of BDEs in land-applied biosolids may facilitate environmental dissemination of less brominated BDEs both locally and globally.


Robert C. Hale, Mark J. La Guardia, Ellen P. Harvey,
Michael 0. Gaylor, T. Matteson Mainor, William H. Duff

Department of Environmental Science,
Virginia Institute ofMarine Science,
PO Box 1346,
Gloucester Point,
Virginia.23062, USA

e-mail. hale@vims.edu

1. US Environmental Protection Agency.
Biosolids Generation, Use and Disposal in the United States,
EPA530-R-99-009, (Washington DC, 1999).

2. National Academy of Sciences.
Use of Reclaimed Water and Sludge in Food Crop Production
(Washington DC, 1996).

3. Di Carlo, F. 1. et al
Environ. Health Perspect 23, 351-365 (1978).

4. Renner, R.
Environ. Sci Technol. 34,452A-453A (2000).

5. World Health Organization.
Environmental Health Criteria 162: Brominated Diphenyl Ethers
(Geneva, 1994).

6. de Boer, J., Wester, P. G.,Klamer, H. J. C., Lewis, W. E. & Boon,I.P.
Nature 394,28-29 (1998).

7. Renner. R.
Environ. Sci. Technot . 34,223A-226A (2000).

8. Sellstrom. U. et al
Organohalogen Compounds 40, 383-396 (1999).

9. European Commission press release,
30 January 2001.

1 0. Strandberg, B. et al
Environ. Sci. Technol. 35, 1078-1083 (2001).

Supplementary information is available at http://www.nature.com
or as paper copy from the London editorial office of Nature.

VIRGINIA RESEARCHERS FIND" ... HIGH CONCENTRATIONS OF AN ENVIRONMENTALLY PERSISTENT CLASS OF ORGANIC POLLUTANTS: "BROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS (BDE)" IN SEWAGE SLUDGE. BDEs DETECTED IN 87% OF FISH FROM VIRGINIA WATERS ... INDICATING "SIGNIFICANT ENVIRONMENTAL RELEASE OF THESE POLLUTANTS IS OCCURRING IN THE UNITED STATES AND THAT HUMANS MAY BE EXPOSED TO THEM THROUGH THEIR DIET."

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