Theory

ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY/HYPOACTIVITY DISORDER

(A.k.a. ADHD)

The model: the timeless gene has one second of tim RNA while the period gene has five units of per RNA. Since the frequency of tim protein is one second five units of per RNA will be transcribe in one second. The amplitude of per protein is five, therefore one second of tim RNA will take five seconds to transcribe. This places the hypoactive condition in the left cortex and the hyperactive condition in the right cortex.

This creates a conflict between the behavior of the ADHDer and his or her actions. The hyperactive condition calls for hypoactivity (creating distance between things), but the impulsivity of the right cortex prevents this from happening. The inability to create distance between things during the receiving and processing of information is compensated by the constant motions of the suffer. Foot and finger tapping, difficulty being still, pacing, and the absent of constantly on the go are indications of the hyperactive condition without hypoactivity. In other words, hyperactivity is expressed only because the ADHDer uses the right hemisphere.

With the hypoactive condition in the left hemisphere the ADHDer interacts with his or her environment through the hypoactive condition. While hyperactivity is prevented from taking place their behaviors are hyperactive in nature. Daydreaming and excessive thinking are common hyperactive behaviors when hyperactivity is unable to be expressed.

The primary difference between type 1A and 1B ADHD is that the hyperactive and hypoactive conditions are in the wrong hemispheres. This problem means that it is hypoactive behavior that is being mistaken for hyperactivity in the right hemisphere, and hyperactive behavior is perceived as hypoactivity in the left hemisphere.

Rather we are dealing with type one or type two the implication is that it is hypoactive behavior that supports or follows hyperactivity. Likewise, it is hyperactive behavior that supports hypoactivity

Hyperactivity is an external response to an internal problem. The behaviors that are produce are also based on the hypoactive condition. Therefore, it makes perfect sense that what we usually define as hyperactive behavior is really hypoactive behavior. Needless to say, this means that the behaviors of hypoactives are hyperactive in nature.

Type two is unique for two reasons. A discrepancy in the relationship between time and space exist because the timeless and period genes travel at speeds that is greater or less then the settings for their transcription factors. Secondly, the hyperactive and hypoactive conditions eliminate or create distance between sensory input and sensory output respectively.

Sensory input represents external information pick up by our sensory organs. Sensory output represents information that has been received and process by the brain. They reflect external functions of the brain that allows us to collect information and internal functions that help us understand what we see, hear, smell, taste, and fell. In normal biological clocks, these functions are synchronized so that they happen in a specific period of time. This ensures that the only distance between sensory input and sensory output is the time it takes to receive and process information.

The normal distance between sensory input and output defines the duration period or present. While this distance may vary from person to person it ensures that each of us live and relate to our external environment in the present. A lack of distance between sensory input and output implies information is received faster than it is processed. Distance between the two means that processing occurs at a faster rate then receiving. These conditions represent a level of desynchronization that destablizes the duration period. They require a delay in either receiving or processing information in order to maintain the proper distance between the two.

This problem reflects the presence of both hyperactivity and hypoactivity during receiving and processing information. Hyperactives are force to delay processing to the future because of distance between sensory input and where the brain receives information. Therefore, they express hypoactivity in the receiving of information and hyperactivity in processing data. Type two hypoactives express hypoactivity in the processing of information and hyperactivity in receiving information. As a result, hyperactives express hypoactivity when dealing with the present and hyperactivity when dealing with the future. Hypoactives deals with the future with hypoactive behavior and the present with hyperactivity.

Distortions in reality, panic attacks, and mini-panic attacks are viewed as secondary problems in ADHD. The conditions of type two ADHD make them primary problems or symptoms, with an over all affect of lowering one's interactions with the environment. Because the primary symptoms of ADHD are distorted, they may be difficult to recognize by the sufferer or others. Instead, it is the chronic problems with distortions in reality and panic attacks or the threat of them that consume the life of the ADDer.

The model: the sizes of the timeless and period genes are five seconds. The transcription factors for each is set at five-second intervals. The speed at which each gene travels is five times slower then the intervals of the transcription factors. It is important to keep in mind (according to my theory) that per protein is the transcription factor for the timeless gene and tim protein controls transcription of the period gene. Secondly, transcription factors are responsible for turning per and tim on and off. The speed or rate of transcription is controlled by the speed of the genes. Thirdly, time and space or the properties of time and space always refers to tim and per RNA (their nuclear expressions). In addition, my theory states that the timeless gene provides the left hemisphere with its temporal properties and the period gene provides the right hemisphere with its spatial properties. Tim protein allows the right cortex to process information while per protein allows the left cortex to receive information. Finally, the values that I have assign to these genes and their transcription factors are arbitrarily made up.

Under these conditions only one second of per and tim RNA are transcribe in five seconds. It takes five different cycles (duration periods) or a total of twenty-five seconds to transcribe a five-second unit of per and tim RNA. From the perspective of per or tim RNA, transcription is slow but constant. The five duration periods represent temporal or spatial change, which is a result of the movement of per or tim RNA. This situation implies distance between sensory input and output is an external problem. From the perspective of the duration periods, per or tim RNA are disconnected. The first duration periods have only one-fifth of their properties with four-fifths of the durations composed of empty space/nothingness. The second durations have two-fifths of per and tim RNA and three-fifths of empty space, the third has three-fifths and in the fifth, the process is completed. The empty space in each duration period reflects distance between the segments that make up a unit of per or tim RNA. It implies that distance between sensory input and output is internal relating to the units of per or tim RNA as well as an external problem related to the duration periods.

The above two views illuminate the difference in the hypoactive condition of type one and two ADHD. From the perspective of per or tim RNA there is no distance between sensory input and sensory output in type one hyperactivity. The five duration periods does create distance between the two. This allows type one hyperactives to receive five seconds of information in the first duration period, which has the effect of eliminating the distance.

What does this tell us about these hypoactive conditions? Type one's is expressed by either temporal or spatial distance while type two's is a result of both. If there is spatial distance, temporal distance is external to the stimulus. If there is temporal distance, spatial distance is internal. In either case, there must be distance between sensory input and output with type two’s hypoactive condition.

Why is this a problem? If one second of per is represented by one mile then a five-second unit of per RNA is being stretched twenty-five miles. When the properties of space are stretch space loses the one asset that defines it, amplitude. As the amplitude of space decreases, the volume of space decreases. The twenty-five second transcription of a five second unit of per RNA implies that the volume of space exist in conjunction with temporal change or its five duration periods. Without temporal change, space has no volume which means that it’s beginning and end occurs at the same point.

Tim RNA’s unique feature is frequency, which measures the distance between two points. The twenty-five seconds it takes to transcribe it means that its five duration periods (representing spatial change) are dependent on the stretching of time for their frequency. In other words, if processing of information occurs in the first duration period, five stimuli will be severely compressed, creating a state of panic and horror.

What does this tell us about the hypoactive condition of type two ADHD? It represents a fundamental problem in the relationship between time and space. In both hemispheres, the volume of space is dependent on the frequency or passage of time. Without the passage of time, there can be no duration period, and without a duration period, the brain has no way of representing the present or external world. The properties of time are used in both hemispheres to process information while the properties of space are used to receive information in both.

Therefore, in regards to sensory input processing must always be delayed when dealing with the present. When sensory input is in the future (reflecting spatial and or temporal distance) processing is not delayed and occurs in the future. As a result, type two hyperactivity is expressed by responses to the external environment before they actually happen.

The stretching of per and tim RNA during their transcription is an indication that hypoactivity is necessary in the receiving of information. However, hypoactive behavior serves one purpose and that is to create distance. It delays a hyperactive response to the past or it forces a hyperactive response in the future. In either case hypoactive behavior distracts attention away from the present, which serves as a means of preventing processing of information in that area.

Needless to say, the hypoactivity here lacks the responsive characteristics of type one hypoactivity. As a result, physical activity or interaction with the external environment is discouraged by hypoactive behavior. This is in sharp contrast of type one hypoactivity that stretches the present into the future by a series of physical responses to the environment. Instead, mental hypoactivity in the form of daydreaming and excessive thinking performs this task.

Hypoactive behavior is an integrated part of all hyperactive responses. The distance it creates does not imply the absent of hyperactivity. Instead, it means that hyperactivity must always be expressed in the future and that there must be distance between sensory input and output. It is this distance that prevents hyperactivity from occurring in the present and alters how it is expressed.

Before I move on to distractibility and impulsivity, I feel a need to talk about the difference between left and right cortex hyperactivity. The attributes of type one ADHD results in a hyperactive condition on one hemisphere and a hypoactive condition in the other. This suggests at the very least the potential to express both hyperactivity and hypoactivity. It also means that these behaviors can be express by the left or right cortex of the brain. However, right and left cortex hyperactivity may look very different from each other. The reason for this is the impulsivity of the two hemispheres is different, reflecting the difference in how they handle information.

Much of our understanding of hyperactivity is based on right cortex hyperactivity. Its impulsivity allows us to act or respond to things without having to think and is holistic in nature. Left cortex impulsivity forces us to think before we respond using a step by step approach to things. As a result the two forms of hyperactivity can look very different but the behaviors are essential the same. Because left cortex hypoactivity uses the same impulsivity as left cortex hyperactivity they can be mistaken as the same disorder or problem. Likewise, right cortex hypoactivity will appear more like our concept of hyperactivity because it uses the impulsivity attributes of that hemisphere.

The conditions that produces type two hyperactivity gives the properties of time a dominant role in determining the duration period. This has the effect of allowing left cortex hyperactivity to exist in both hemispheres. Its expression is altered by the attributes of the right cortex but it nevertheless is present. For this reason, it is my belief that the daydreamers (those who have been label as ADD without hyperactivity) are really left cortex hyperactives.

Impulsivity and distractibility are considered primary symptoms of ADHD. It is my belief that what we call impulsivity is really right cortex impulsivity and distractibility is the affects of left cortex impulsivity. If this is true, right cortex impulsivity may express distractibility as hyper-focusing. Whatever may be the case distractibility defines a state of being while impulsivity refers to a method of processing information. In other words, distractibility is associated with the hyperactive or hypoactive condition and impulsivity with hyperactivity and hypoactivity.

What this means is that the distractibility of the left and right cortex is express differently reflecting the differences in their impulsivity. Therefore, both are always present in ADHD in some form. Since type two hyperactive responses occurs in the future its right cortex impulsivity is usually hidden from the public and the ADDer. In order to deal with the public they have to deal with the present, and this requires the use of left cortex impulsivity. The exception to this rule is if there is sufficient distance between the ADDer and his external environment. Most if not all the common traits associated with hyperactivity may be expressed in this situation.

I suspect with type two hyperactivity, left cortex impulsivity is used to create distance and right cortex impulsivity is used in the processing of information. If this is true, it may be an indication of a unique link between the left and right hemispheres that permit both to be expressed at the same time. This may explain why indecisive behavior is such a dominant feature. The hyperactive is being pulled in two different directions at the same time.

The bottom line is that type two hyperactives are extremely impulsive because they lack the ability use left cortex impulsivity in the processing of information. It is not a problem of a tendency to be impulsive. All responses that require the processing of information are impulsive in nature. This makes them very impatient, they suffer from high levels of anticipation, and they ignore the consequences of their actions. This dangerous combination is tempered by left cortex impulsivity, which forces them to reconsider their actions or delays a responses to the future. Their inability to process information in the present (without problems) also serves to weaken the affects of right cortex impulsivity.

The distance between sensory input and sensory output expresses their distractibility. What this means depends on how we define the two. If sensory input represents the receiving of information and sensory output the processing of information, then distance between them means that the brain receives and processes information in different locations. If sensory input represents the collection of information by external sensory organs then sensory the brain’s receiving and processing of that information express output. Therefore, there is no distance between receiving and processing, just distance between sensory input and output.

The two views may represent the difference in how the left and right hemispheres deal with information rather than a discrepancy in defining sensory input. In other words, the normal functions of the left cortex delays sensory input (information pick up by sensory organs) and receives and process the data at a later point. The normal functions of the right cortex receive and process information as that information is picked up by sensory organs.

The conditions of type two hyperactivity imply a spatial distance of twenty-five seconds between sensory input and where the brain receives information in the right hemisphere. The five duration periods represent temporal distance or change between sensory input and output or the receiving and processing of information. In other words, if sensory input is in the future then receiving of data is immediate but processing is delayed by twenty-five seconds. If sensory output is in the future responses are immediate but there is a delay of twenty-five seconds for sensory input.

With sensory input in the future, the brain is receiving five seconds of information every five seconds. Since it takes twenty-five seconds for that data to reach the processing center, what the brain processes and what it receives represent different information. This discrepancy is also true if sensory input is in the future and sensory output in the past. It represents a level of distractibility that divides the ADDers attention between the past and future. By focusing on them, he or she can understand the present. It is an interesting concept suggesting that ADDers inattention is really a mechanism that allows them to understand what is happen around them.

In the left cortex, temporal distance means that processing is delayed. However, the five duration periods imply spatial change is taking place. Five stimuli align the input pathway waiting to be received by the brain. Processing of this information is delayed until all five stimuli have been received. A twenty-five second gap exists between the processing of information. It requires mental activity that delays processing but it distracts attention away from the present. The dream world and physical world co-exist creating a sense that the ADDer is straddling between two different universes.

On the surface the behaviors of type one and two hyperactives seem so different that it is difficult to imagine hyperactivity even exist in this disorder. This is partly due to our narrow perspective on hyperactivity that is mostly based on the compressing of time and or space when receiving and processing information. Symptoms like daydreaming, procrastination, claustrophobia, and distractibility are associated with hyperactivity. However, we have failed to realize that these problems are directly related to hyperactivity or the conditions that creates it.

Type two hyperactivity is unique in that time and space are stretched during transcription, giving hypoactivity a role in a hyperactive system. How do we know that this is a hyperactive system? The processing of information reflects data that is in the future or past. It is the essence of hyperactivity and it is what happens in both forms of ADHD. The difference between the two forms of hyperactivity is how they primarily use impulsivity. Type one hyperactives use right cortex impulsivity to deal with the present while type two hyperactives rely on left cortex impulsivity. In reverse, type one hyperactives use left cortex impulsivity to deal with the future and type two uses right cortex impulsivity to deal with the future. This means that type two hyperactives responses to the environment are delayed when dealing with the public (or present) but not when planning or dealing with the future. On the other hand, type one hyperactives responses to the environment are immediate when dealing with the public but tend to be delayed when dealing with the future.

The bottom line is that type two hyperactivity is an inversion of type one hyperactivity. What type one hyperactives do in public type two hyperactives do in secrete; what type one hyperactives do in secrete type two do in public. For example, excessive talking is a common trait among hyperactives. In public, type two hyperactives tend to be silent, but when alone they may talk to themselves excessively. While type one hyperactives tend to be late for everything, type two hyperactives are rarely late for anything. Type one hyperactives suffer from excessive activity in public while type two are inactive. However, when alone they can be very active.

Finally, much of my comparison of the two forms of hyperactivity has been based on type one right cortex hyperactivity. However, left cortex hyperactivity also has its similarities with type two. This may be another unique aspect of type two hyperactivity, in that both forms can exist in the same person. The conditions of type one ADHD indicates that a hyperactive condition exists in one hemisphere and a hypoactive in the other. Therefore, only one form of hyperactivity can be expressed. Instead, right cortex hyperactives express hypoactivity when using the left cortex.

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