Our Reed Family Line
This is Dink Ruble, showing us the blackboard in the schoolhouse that existed when my
grandfather, Thomas Rundell, son of Elizabeth Reed, was in school in Des Arc, MO. The board is in
what is now an outbuilding on Dink's property, having once been the schoolhouse.
(our visit in 1998)
Descendants of: LEONARD REED
1 LEONARD REED b. 1770-80 SOUTH CAROLINA OR BARREN CO KY?
On Jan 11, 1833, property transferred from Henry Reed to Lenard Reed. This may have been
Henry's brother or his father. The property was located in Franklin Co., MO. *deed book B.
John Reed with wife Mary also transferred property to Lenard Reed. Interestingly, on
1/11/1833, Lenard Reed and wife Prudence transferred property to Ambrose Ranson. Was
this the same property? On Aug 23, 1834, Henry Reed and wife Rachel transferred property
to John Harin or Horing or Horine. John Reed and wife Doncella transferred property on Apr
5, 1834 (They lived in Gasconade Co, MO) to a Zumalt family.
In Delinquent Taxpayers of Gasconade Co., MO 1831-32, the name of Leonard Reed is
shown as delinquent $.56 for 1832, issue of 12 Jan 1833. Tax collector was William Clark.
Leonard Reed shows up in Barren Co., KY in 1810 census with 2 male children under 10, 1
male 10-16 and 1 male 26-45. female children weren't counted. He is on a tax list in Franklin
Co, MO, in 1819 & 1823, and in Gasconade Co in 1830 & 1840. (this is from family
researcher Mary Atkinson). She says Leonard Jr. b 1810 married Rebecca Branson on 29
Mar 1832, and gave their children and in 1850 Rebecca was alone. The court records say that
Leonard died without a will, Rebecca was administrator of his estate.
From Nina Charlton: "Leonard Reed was born in S.C., moved with his family including young
son James to KY when it was a frontier section. With his son, James, he split boards from
wood, said boards were used to cover the first house built in Frankfort, KY.
From Deed Abstracts, Sumner Co, TN: Deed 21 Jan 1807 WILLIAM BROWN to
MICHAEL BLACK, 200 ac on middle fork Drake's Creek of Barren River, witnessed by
WILLIAM MELTON, LEONARD REED.
2 HENRY REED b. 0-Dec-1802 ISABELL (MAYBE) *UNKNOWN
On January 11, 1833, Henry Reed and his wife, Isabell, deeded property in Franklin County,
Missouri to Lenard Reed, presumably his father?
On Oct 13, 1832, Edward Reed and his wife, Margaret, deeded a property in Franklin
County to Henry Reed. This information comes from "Some Abstracted Names and Notes
from Franklin Co., Mo. Deed Book B 1830-37. by Jacqueline Whitworth.
On Aug 23, 1834, Henry Reed, wife Rachel transferred property to John Haring or Horing or
Horine.
2 JAMES REED b. 28-Jun-1806 SUMPTER CO TN d. 25-Oct-1888 HOPKINS CO TX
m. CA 1827 WAYNE CO MO ELIZABETH MORRIS b. 17-Jun-1808 MISSOURI d.
25-Feb-1882 HOPKINS CO TX 1860 CENSUS, UNION TOWNSHIP, IRON CO MO.
MOVED TO KY AT AGE 17 (JAMES)
HAVE DEED FOR J.C. REED TO LAND IN
HOPKINS CO, TX. COULD BE FATHER OR SON.
Mentioned in Biographical Souvineer State of Texas, 1889., F. A. Battey under son William's
bio. James Reed, whose father was Leonard Reed, a native of South Carolina. James Reed
was born in Sumpter Co., TN in 1806 and moved to Allen Co., KY when 17 years old, with
his father; was principally reared in that state; later in 1823 he moved ot Madison Co., MO
where he began life farming in his county and was also a mechanic. He was a member of the
Baptist Church for 40 years, and married in Wayne Co., at about 21 years of age, Elizabeth
Morris, daughter of James Morris, the result of this union being 16 children. Two died young,
14 survived to be named. (No wonder there are so many Reeds today!) James Reed came to
Texas in 1881.
From Nina Charlton, family Historian: "At the age of 18, after his father's death, James Reed
imigrated to Southeast MO, he later married Elizabeth Morris. To this union were born 16
children. Sons living to be grown were Leonard, John, Jim, Joseph, William and Randolph; the
first 5 entered the confederate army; William and Randolph are the only ones known to have
survived the war. Daughters who lived to maturity were Nancy, Mahala, Isabella, Elizabeth and
Mary; all of these children of James and Elizabeth lived to be over 80 years of age, except
Elizabeth. Randolph Reed had one leg in his later years; how he lost his leg is not known."
She sent informaton from a handwritten list, presumed to be in Elizabeths' handwriting with
birth, marriage and death information on it.
3 LEONARD REED b. 18-Jan-1828 MISSOURI d. BEF/1865 DURING CIVIL WAR
SARAH A LEONARD LISTED IN 1860 CENSUS/ PRESUMED TO HAVE DIED IN
CIVIL WAR
4 JOHN S REED [1860 CENSUS] b. CA 1857 MISSOURI
4 WILLIAM W
REED b. CA 1860 MISSOURI
3 JAMES REED [1860 CENSUS] b. 10-Mar-1829
James & George Reed were witnesses on a deed selilng property E of Reed's 228 acre tract,
joining William Montgomery preemp Drake's Creek. The deed was for Alexander REED to
William --INSON, for natural love & affection he has for his uncle. (see file)
3 NANCY REED b. 2-Oct-1831 ALFRED GOWEN
4 ALICE A GOWEN b. 1872 d.
1890 m. 28-Oct-1872 DES ARC (IRONTON) MO PETER RUBLE
3 RUTH REED b.
0-Jan-1833
3 WILLIAM M. REED b. 6-Aug-1835 WAYNE CO MO d. 1921 SULPHER
SPRINGS TX FRANCES J ROBBS MARTHA J CARMACK b. 1840 d. 27-Mar-1897
SULPHUR SPRINGS TX
HAVE MAP SHOWING LOCATION OF WILLIAM REED PROPERTY IN MISSOURI.
ALSO HAVE ARTICLE FROM BIOGRAPHIAL SOUVENIER STATE OF TEXAS,
1889;F.A. BATTERY & CO- PUBLISHER.
WILLIAM REED CAME TO TEXAS IN 1869. HE WAS A MASTER
MASON AND A MEMBER OF THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH SOUTH.
HE SERVED IN CO C, LOUIS' REGIMENT IN BATTLE AT FREDRICKBURG MO &
AUGUSTA AR.
FROM THE ARTICLE: "William Reed began life farming and working at the
blacksmith trade in Wayne Co., MO but came to Texas in 1869. He is a Master Mason and
also a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church South. He married the first time in 1857, in
TN, to a widow named Frances Hatcher, daughter of William Robbs, a native of TN, and to
this union were born two children, William R & Nancy J. The second marriage of Mr. Reed
was to Martha J Carmack, the daughter of Johnathan Carmack of TN and to this union 6
children were born .. John F, Edd I, Rachel E, Jesse, Martha J and Jim M, all of whom are
(were at the time of writing) dead but two."(it gave his war record and mentioned he owned
380 acres of land that will grow any crop in Texas).
From Nina Charlton: William M. Reed was the first to come to Texas; later his parents came,
and his sister, Mary Reed Charlton and her husband and baby daughter. Randall or Randolph
Reed was known to have been many places during the years, Missouri, Arkansas, Oklahoma,
Texas.
Nina said that Leonard (presumably James' father) was killed in ambush and died at the hands
of unknown parties in the front door of his home.
Documents show a William S. Reed who married a Mary S. Robbs in MO, book A pg 69 ...
probably same family.
William Reed was a Civil War veteran from Wayne Co., MO.
4 WILLIAM R REED b. 24-Nov-1857 d. 2-Jan-1892 SULPHUR SPRINGS TX D. A.
*UNKNOWN
4 NANCY J REED
4 JOHN F REED
4 EDDIE I REED
4 RACHEL E
REED
4 JESSE REED
4 MARTHA J REED
4 JAMES MURPHY (JIM)
3 MAHALA
REED b. 12-Apr-1837 d. 1913 DES ARC MO m. 28-Dec-1857 MISSOURI WILLIAM
(J.J.?) LOYD
This could be the aunt mentioned by Anne Whiteman's Grandfather when he said he lived with
an aunt Mahala as a child. The name given was Tebeau, but he could have been wrong.
4 WILLIAM LOYD b. _____ d. 1912
4 LIZZIE LOYD b. _____ d. CA 1914 TOM
NATIONS
4 ADILINE LOYD b. _____ d. CA 1930
4 JOHN LOYD
According to Nina Charlton, family researcher, John was alive in Des Arc, MO in 1932. He
had no children.
4 GEORGE LOYD
He was living in Arizona in 1932; his wife had died; he had married into the Johnson family,
had 3 children, all married according to Nina Charlton.
BENJAMIN: FOUND THIS MARRIAGE RECORDATION DURING OUR TRIP TO
IRONTON MO JUNE 1992 AT THE COUNTY COURTHOUSE. According to Nina
Charlton, they married in Missouri, moved to Jaspar, AR, later to Stringtown OK and were in
Stringtown in 1921
4 MARTHA AMMONS ? CHISPIN ? EARP
4 LIEGE (LIJE,
ELIJAH?) AMMONS
3 ELIZABETH REED b. 8-May-1841 d. ABT 1890 ANDREW
JACKSON RUNDELL b. CA 1822 COLD MILL SPRINGS MO d. CA 1891
According
to insurance papers from T.A. Rundell, she died of complications of measles. According to a
letter from Nina Charlton, a family historian, there is a family legend which says that Elizabeth
died at the home of her parents of pneumonia, close to Des Arc, MO. Her husband would not
allow the women to prepare her for burial; she was buried in the same clothes she died in. Her
son, Tom, was a small boy at the time and she had another small child named Will (or Dolph).
ANDREW: ANDREW JACKSON RUNDELL MAY HAVE BEEN MARRIED 3 TIMES.
HAVE 1850 MISSOURI CENSUS RECORD. Another party in area, Sarah Rundell. MAY
HAVE HAD CHILD NAMED ELLEN BY FIRST WIFE? Could Sarah be wife? In same
area of St. Louis.
In Wayne County, a record of a Mortgage exists: 10/8/1874, filed
10/23/1874, A. J. Rundell to F. M. Stidham on personal property (MM29) All this proves is
that he was in the area at that time.
I requested a search of the St. Louis Bar records since I
had been told that this party was an attorney in St. Louis and had defended himself in a murder
trial. He supposedly killed a priest at age 18. There was no record of any of this. Herman
Radloff of the St. Louis Genealogical Society researched it thoroughly for me. rm 203, 1695
So. Brentwood Blvd.., St., St. Louis MO 63144. I also had a search made for probate
records in Ironton, MO> There was nothing in the probate or in the separate will books, as per
Wilma J. cofer, Division Clerk. (1/29/1982)
,center> 4 THOMAS ANDREW RUNDELL b.
30-Jun-1878 DES ARC MO IRON CO d. 29-Apr-1962 LITTLE ROCK AR m.
0-Feb-1907 Possibly Tishomingo, OK? ETTA MAY (OR MARIAH) MCCOWN b.
30-May-1882 BROWNSVILLE TX d. 7-May-1965 VAN NUYS CA
T.A. Rundell was a
Christian Scientest according to his obit but his family states he was a Baptist.(As per Anna
Mae Rundell Elrod) Thomas Rundell walked with a limp most of his life. As a youth, perhaps
about 7 years old or so, he was sent to live with an aunt "Mariah?" in Des Arc, MO. He went
there with his brother. Possibly they were orphaned. From that time forward, he doesn't
reappear in family history until his marriage to Etta. He married a young widow with a little girl.
He was a handsome man, tall, with a mustache and brown hair.
As time passed and he and
Etta had children of their own, he appears to have become quite stern in his caring for his
children. Willie, his step-daughter, eloped. Then Lillian eloped, and Anna Mae Elizabeth
eloped. Each felt they could not marry with Papa's blessing.
In later years, when they lived at
1302 West Second Street in Little Rock, AR., Thomas and Etta appeared to cohabit the same
home, but not close to one another. While we cannot judge their living habits, Thomas was not
allowed in Etta's rooms. By that time she was somewhat reclusive and invalided, leaving only to
visit the doctor or to putter around the outside of the house. Thomas, who had no pension
because railroaders did not get social security, and he had no railroad pension .. or if he did it
was miniscule ... Thomas worked at several odd jobs, in a bank, for the Salvation Army, and
others to make ends meet. His grandchildren thought him quite fine. They were not allowed in
Etta's part of the house, either, but grandpa Rundell always entertained them with interesting
things to do. He had ink eradicator, a very interesting item, and a grinding wheel, old books, a
typewriter, lots of things to look at and enjoy, and he brought home some items from the
Salvation Army as well. Grandmother Rundell was NEVER called grandma, it was not
allowed.
INFORMATION WRITTEN BY T.A. Rundell Modern Woodman of America:
Benefit Certificate IL ($3000 policy beneficiary: Etta May Rundell) RE: Operation performed
in Shreveport,LA - Drs. Were T. E. Schamput, Dr. Randall Hunt- Had two operations, one in
1898 performed by Dr. Schamput and one in 1905 performed by Dr. Hunt, both in hospital
there. Ages 30 and 27, Stated had one brother living, then 35 years of age and two brothers
who died, one in 1876 at age 5, one in 1880 at age two. His mother died at age 42 from the
effects on measles in 1882. Father died 1890, age 70- old age. Grandfather & Grandmother
on paternal side, didn't know, His maternal grandmother died in 1883 at age 68, grandfather at
age 86 in 1885. Said resembled father most in characteristics. - This paper was executed in
Somerville, Burlson (~) Co> TX T.A, 's address was Somerville, Burlisin, TX PO Box 947.
Document dated Nov 4, 1910. Stated T.A. born at Des Arc, Co. of Iron in the state of Mo.
on the 3Oth of June, 1878. His occupation was listed as Tie Timber Inspector (RR). Chicago,
Rock Island and Pacific Railroad. Wife was Etta May Rundell of Ola, Ark. He had belonged
to the society before.Date-June 9, 1908. Location of camp: Tishomingo, OKIA, Camp
11171. RE personal.-ailment in last 7 years-was treated by staff physicians at North La State
Hospital and also Dr. Norris of Alambin, AR. First for an injury to his ankle, 2nd for malaria in
1906. Recovery complete. Had operation for hernia in 1898, recovery complete. Had been a
total abstainer from alcohol for 10-15 years. was once intoxicated 36 years ago. Quit of own
accord 11 years ago.
ETTA: Etta McCown was said to adore her dad. Family tradition says
he was a minister. Etta was a Methodist, as were her siblings. Although we do not know a
great deal about Etta before she appears as a married woman, a family picture taken with her
sisters show her to be very attractive. In her wedding picture with Thomas Rundell, she looks
rather stern, but that could have just been the photographer's work.
It is said that she had only
one love in her life, William Morris. Family talk said that she married Thomas Rundell to
provide a father for her little daughter. We have no way of verifying this, but in later years they
occupied the same home in Little Rock, but not the same rooms. She had her bedroom and the
Living room, and he had his bedroom. Who knows what lead to those living arrangments?
When William died in a most terrible way, Etta was left with her small daughter Willie, later
called Billie. She became half-sister to Lillian, Ray and Anna Mae in subsequent years. Papa,
as he was called by the children, appears to have been a stern parent.
We do not know how
Etta and Thomas Rundell met, nor for sure where they married. Etta was from Texas, and
Thomas lived in Missouri at least for a while when he was a child. Apparently they met when
he worked for the railroad. Etta remained close to her sisters, but Papa Rundell was not as
close with his family, although they did visit occasionally. Etta was no stranger to tragedy. Her
son, Abraham, died at about age 4 of meningitis, and William Raymond's twin died at birth. By
that time she had changed her middle name to May or Mae. Children at school had teased her,
saying "Mariah, Mariah, your tail's on fire!" Because of that, she disliked her name, and when
she was old enough, she changed it!
ACCORDING TO GENEVA CULWELL: "Family
legend says that "Aunt Et's" husband, W. E. Morris, died a horrible death. After that happened,
Willie and Aunt Et stayed with Geneva's parents for a while. She told how Morris got
appendicitis and gangrene. Some crazy doctor had men hold him and poured boiling water into
the cavity to purge it.. supposedly his idea of killing the infection..he finished off the patient
quicker instead. Geneva's mom said when Willie was scolded, she would pout and say, "Poor
Little Willie, her doesn't has a papa." She was not very old when Aunt Et remarried."
"Speaking of where Aunt Et remarried, it might have been somewhere around Gainsville or
Illinois Bend, Tx., or Love Co.,, OK, but Brown Co., TX was mentioned a lot by Geneva's
mom."
... Another family member said that she was living with Aunt Cell (Sell?) when she met
Papa (Tom Rundell). She may have married Papa in OK (Maybe Ardmore) if not Texas. Or
maybe Tishamingo."
4 WILLIAM RANDOLPH RUNDELL b. _____ d. MAY 1949
MALVERN AR m. FEB 1940 AR LOUIE *unknown
3 JOSEPH REED b. 25-Jul-1846 MO
3 RANDOLPH (RANDALL) REED b. 25-Oct-1848 MO d. 1929 SULPHER SPRINGS
TX Randolph Reed was a "wanderer" and visited many family members over the years,
according to Nina Charlton. He lived in a number of states. She felt he kept the family informed
on its members' lives.
3 JOHN REED b. 14-Apr-1850 MO
3 JANE REED b. 29-Dec-185?
3 JESSE G. REED
3 MARY REED b. 8-Jan-1854 MO d. 11-Jul-1937 HOPKINS CO TX
m. 29-Oct-1876 IRON CO MO FRANKLIN CHARLTON b. 19-Mar-1842
CHRISTIANBURG VA d. 7-Jan-1913 SULPHER SPRINGS TX 1860 Census, Mary Reed
in Missouri Record of stone in Connor Cemetery reads Frank Charlton Jan 1836-Jan 1912
Have photograph of Mary Reed Charlton and some of her children taken at their home, Mount
Sterling Community, Hopkins Co TX, early 1900's. Information given by D. E. (Dave E?)
Charlton. Died of Enten Colitis. Have death Certificate of Franklin Charlton B 3/10/1842 VA
died of afrapluxy?
4 ELIZABETH CHARLTON b. 27-Aug-1879 MO d. 20-Jan-1970 m.
1901-02 TEXAS THOMAS BECTON POSEY ELIZABETH WAS FAIR SKINNED,
HAIR BLONDE, GENTLE NATURED. INFORMATION FROM NINA CHARLTON.
4
CHARLES CHARLTON b. 27-Feb-1882 TX d. 10-Dec-1886 SULPHUR SPRINGS TX
4
EDDIE LEE CHARLTON b. 18-Jul-1884 TX d. 18-Nov-1886 SULPHUR SPRINGS TX
4
DAVID ELBERT CHARLTON b. 12-Dec-1886 TEXAS d. 6-Oct-1966 TEXAS LELIA
MAY WOFFORD
LETTER FROM MRS. CHARLTON, JUNE 19 1981 Mr. and Mrs.
Whiteman: I married Dave E. Charlton on Oct 23, 1921. I am now almost 78 years old. Dave
died Oct 6, 1966. We have 5 children living = he also has two nieces living,,no there is 3
nieces and one nephew. We have some family history or tree. May I ask if you are looking for
Charlton or Reed records? Could you be closely related to Idaho Smith Johnson, he was so
fond of her. Please let me hear from you. Sure would like more on the Charlton side as I have
more on the Reed family. Mrs. Dave E. Charlton Rt 1, Box 270, Sulphur Springs TX 75482
Are you Aamons, Earp or Gowan? That would be Reed family. LELIA: ACCORDING TO
DAUGHTER NINA, DAVID WAS TALL STRAIGHT, HONEST, HARDWORKING,
THE BEST SHOT IN TEXAS AND KEPT HIS GUNS LOADED ON THE TABLE FOR
HIS FAMILY AS THEY WERE RAISED ON AN EAST TEXAS FARM 8 MILES FROM
A TOWN WITH A HORSE AND WAGON FOR TRANSPORTATION.
Leila Charlton
answered a request made by Anne Whiteman as to whether her husband was related to the
Rundell family: Dear Mr. and Mrs. Whiteman June 19, 1981 I married Dave E Charlton Oct
23, 1921. I am now almost 78 years old. Dave died Oct 6, 1966, 78 years old. We have 5
children living - he also has 2 nieces living. No there is 3 nieces and one nephew, we have
some family history or ties. May I ask if you are looking for Charlton or Reed records? Could
you be closely related to Idaho Smith Johnson, he was so fond of her. Please let me hear from
you, sure would like more on the Charlton side as I have more on the Reed family. Mrs. Dave
E Charlton, Rt 1 Box 170, Sulphur Springs TX. 75482 Are you a Amons, Earp or Gowen
offspring? That would be the Reed family.
4 ALICE\ISABELL CHARLTON b. 9-Dec-1888
d. 25-Oct-1965 SULPHUR SPRINGS TX
4 ELLEN CHARLTON b. 19-Aug-1890 d.
1970/71 HOPKINS CO TX FRANK MCLAUGHLIN d. APR 1954 HOPKINS CO TX
ELLEN, WHOM NINA CHARLTON CALLED AUNT ELLIE, LOVED TO FISH AND
WAS KIND. THEY LIVED ON A FARM WITH MILK COWS AND SUCH, SHE WAS
A VERY STRONG AND INDEPENDENT LADY, SAID NINA. FRANK: NO
CHILDREN. HE HAD CHILDREN BY A PREVIOUS MARRIAGE. INFORMATION
FROM NINA CHARLTON.
4 EMMA CHARLTON b. 27-Dec-1892 d. 27-Jun-1922
SULPHUR SPRINGS TX ? DICKERSON
2 EDWARD REED Margaret *unknown There
are mentions of land transfers in Franklin Co, MO Book B 1830-37 for an Edward Reed. In
the St. Louis genealogical society Spring 1988 book: From Theda Reed Powell, 209 Lind
Ave. SW, Renton WA 98055: (inquiry) Who were children of Edward and Margaret Reed,
Leonard & Providence Reed and Henry Reed Sr. & Isabelle of about 1830 in Frnaklin Co.,
MO census? Need parents of any and all of the above; also parents of Randall Read and
Robert Read of about 1850, Gasconade Co.
2 LEONARD REED b. 1810 SOUTH
CAROLINA d. 1839 m. 29-Mar-1832 REBECCA BRANSON b. Abt 1810 TENNESSEE
m. 24 Jan 1827 Gasconade Co., MO Rhoda Veach ACCORDING TO LETTER FROM
MARY ATKINSON,1921 JOPLIN ST., JOPLIN MO 64804 ON JAN 8, 1991, COURT
RECORDS SAY LEONARD REED DIED INTESTATE (WITHOUT WILL) IN 1839
WITH REBECCA ADMINISTRATOR. REBECCA IS FURTHER SHOWN IN 1850
CENSUS MORE CHILDREN LIVING WITH HER..POSSIBLY CHILDREN OF
lEONARD AND PROVIDENCE REED (?). In the Gasconade Co., Missouri list of
delinquent taxpayers for 1831-32, the name Leonard Reed appears. He owed $.56. The
highest anyone on the list owed was $.69. William Clark was the Tax Collector. It is unknown
if this is the same Leonard Reed as ours, as yet. Also, in the 1833 Franklin Co., MO Deed
Book, property transfers took place: Henry Reed & wife Isabelle to Lenard Reed. (11 Jan
1833) & John Reed wife Mary to Lenard Reed (5 May 1833). Also, Edward Reed, wife
Margaret to Henry Reed. (13 )ct 1832).Lenard Reed & wife Prudence to Ambrose Ranson
(11 Jan 1833), John Reed & wife Doncella of Gasconade Co MO to Adam Zumalt, et al. ( 5
Apr 1835) & Henry Reed wife Rachel to John Haring (23 Aug 1834) These just might be our
boys. George Reed & John Reed show up in the St. Louis MO census, 1830???
3 TABITHA
REED b. 30-May-1827 RUTHERFORD CO TN d. 26-Nov-1894 SHELBY CO IL m.
27-Dec-1843 SHELBY CO IL WILLIAM RENSHAW SILAS CURRY THIS
INFORMATION REGARDING TABITHA NOT VERIFIED. PREVIOUS
INFORMATION SAID OUR TABITHA WAS BORN 1832. THIS IS INFORMATION
FROM LDS AND MAY NOT BE THE RIGHT PARTY.
3 JOHN REED b. 1834
3
Christopher REED
3 Maney REED
3 THURSTON REED b. 1845
3 SUSAN REED
3
IRENE REED b. 1840
2 ELIZABETH REED(?) b. 1812
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