"Territories of wolf packs range from 20 to 150 square miles depending on the availabilty of food. The alpha male marks th pack's territory by urinating on tree stumps and other conspicuous objects along the perimeter. These scent stations are checked and freshened frequently when the pack is making its rounds along the boundary of its territory. Though it rarely happens, a loner wolf or another wolf pack that violates the resident pack's territory will be met with a vicious defensive attack.
Territories between wolf packs are separated by "buffer zones" which are not regularly patrolled or defended. Not surprisingly, prey animals tend to congregate in these buffer zones."
Copyright Craig Brandt
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