201.1.1 Fuselage
The following is a list of items found on the fuselage of the C-9B/DC-9 aircraft:
a. Radome
Made primarily of fiberglass, the Nose Radome provides a transparent window for RF signals to transmit and receive from the Radar Antenna. Additionally, lightning strips are located on the exterior to create the radome lightning protection system.
Where is it located?
Located on the forward fuselage of the aircraft. The Radome is attached to the forward bulkhead.
What are the safety precautions?
When performing any action on the Radome pull the radar circuit breakers to prevent inadvertent radar operation and exposure of RF energy.
b. Flight compartment
Consists of all the flight instruments and visual aids needed for flight.
Where is it located?
In the cockpit.
c. Main cabin
What is its function?
It is the main area in the aircraft where passengers are seated and cargo is loaded and shipped. It extends to 60.7 feet, is 115 inches wide and 80 inches high.
Where is it located?
The main cabin area runs from station 234 to station 963.
The tailcone, when jettisoned, provides an emergency exit accessible from the main cabin through the aft entrance door and with the aft stairway ceiling in the down position to form a walkway.
Where is it located?
The tailcone is attached to the aft end of the fuselage and is jettisonable.
201.1.2 Wings
a. Left wing
The port wing; primary lift surface on the aircraft.
b. Right wing
The starboard wing; primary lift surface on the aircraft.
201.1.3 Tail:
a. Horizontal stabilizers
What is its function?
Provides stability of the aircraft about its lateral axis. This is longitudinal stability. The horizontal stabilizer serves as a base to which the elevators are attached. The elevators control pitch or the movement of the nose of the aircraft in an up and down motion.
Where is it located?
On the tail of the aircraft. It serves as a base for the elevator.
b. Vertical stabilizer
What is its function?
Maintains the stability of the aircraft about its vertical axis. This is known as directional stability.
Where is it located?
Located on the tail the vertical stabilizer usually serves as the base to which the rudder is attached.
a. Flaps
What is its function?
Gives the aircraft extra lift. Their purpose is to reduce the landing speed, thereby shortening the length of the landing roll out. Flaps, when extended, increase the camber of the wing, thereby increasing the lifting effect of the wing.
Where is it located?
On the aft trailing edge of the wings.
What are the modes of operation or control?
The wing flaps are a double-slotted type that move aft and down. The flaps are actuated by two hydraulic cylinders. The flaps are normally operated by both hydraulic systems. The flaps are controlled by a flap control handle which can set the flaps from UP to 50 degrees extended.
What are the safety precautions?
Always clear the area of maintenance workers or personnel before extending or retracting the flaps. Personnel can become trapped in the moving surfaces.
b. Ailerons/trim tabs
What is its function?
They control the rolling or banking motion of the aircraft. Trim tabs control roll or bank in small increments.
Where are they located?
They are attached to the trailing edge of the wings.
What are the modes of operation or control?
The ailerons are protected against ground gust forces by viscous dampers and hydraulic cylinders. A takeoff warning horn is provided should the flight surfaces be in the incorrect position for takeoff. Control wheels are connected by cable connected to control tabs on the ailerons, and the aerodynamic force on these tabs moves the ailerons. Each aileron contains a conventional trim tab connected by cables to a trim knob on the pedestal.
c. Rudder/trim tabs
The rudder controls the yaw movement of the aircraft. This is helpful when making coordinated turns and landing with a crosswind. The trim tab on the rudder is only effective if there is a loss of hydraulic pressure to the rudder or it is in the manual mode. When the rudder is in the powered mode the entire rudder moves when the trim knob is moved.
Where is it located?
The rudder is attached to the back of the vertical stabilizer. What are the modes of operation or control? The rudder operates in the powered or manual mode. If there is a loss of hydraulic pressure from the right hydraulic system the rudder automatically reverts to the manual mode. What are the safety precautions? When the aircraft is being moved or kept in the hangar, ensure the rudder is in the manual mode. This will prevent the rudder from moving to the positions the rudder pedals are in if hydraulics are applied.
What is its function?
Elevators control the climb or descent (pitching motion) of the aircraft through geared trim/control tabs.
Where are they located?
They are attached to the horizontal stabilizer on the tail.
What are the modes of operation or control?
The elevator control system is an aerodynamic boost system that operates a single control tab on each elevator and is driven by an independent two-way cable system from the corresponding control column in the cockpit. The system will nosedown assist if the elevator control tab is displaced approximately 10 degrees, but normally= the maximum elevator nosedown tab used is 8 degrees.
e. Slats
Slats are used to improve lift at low speeds. They allow the aircraft to be controlled at airspeeds below the normal landing speed.
Where are they located?
They are attached to the leading edge of the wing.
What are the modes of operation or control?
When the slat is retracted, it forms the leading edge of the wing. When the slat is open or extended forward, a slot is created between the slat and the wing leading edge. Thus, high energy air is introduced into the boundary layer over the top of the wing. Each slat is actuated by two hydraulic cylinders. The cylinders are powered by the left and right hydraulic systems. Normally, the slats operate by pressure from both hydraulic systems, but will continue to operate at a reduced rate with pressure from a single system. The slat control handle is found in the cockpit.
What are the safety precautions?
The slats should never be extended or retracted without first calling for hydraulics and checking to be sure that the area is clear. Personnel can be trapped between the moving surfaces.
201.1.5 Landing gear
a. Strut
What is its function?
Struts absorb the shock that otherwise would be sustained by the airframe.
Where is it located?
The strut is part of the wheel assembly. The wheels are mounted on the strut assembly.
b. Brakes
Used to slow and stop the aircraft. Also, used to prevent the aircraft from rolling while parked.
Where are they located?
Each main gear wheel is equipped with a disc-type power brake actuated by two separate sets of cylinders, each powered by a separate hydraulic system or its own accumulator.
c. Wheels
Where are they located?
The aircraft has dual (two) wheels attached to each shock strut assembly.
d. Landing gear doors
What is its function?
These are doors which close flush with the fuselage after the landing gear is extended.
Where is it located?
Landing gear doors are hinged to the fuselage around the main landing gear and the nose landing gear.
What are the safety precautions?
When working in the main landing gear area, be sure to use the Belly Bypass handle. The handle, located on the lower center fuselage forward of the main landing gear doors, places the main landing gear and gear doors hydraulic system in the bypass condition when the OPEN position is selected. Warning: If the main gear door release handle is returned to the closed position, with right hydraulic system pressurized, the doors will automatically close.
201.1.6 Hydraulics
What is its function?
They are used to supply hydraulic fluid to a system.
Where are they located?
Left and right engine pumps installed on each engine. An alternate hydraulic motor/pump provides a mechanical connection between the right and left system to drive a pump that will provide pressure in the opposite system. This is located in the right wheel well. And an electrically driven auxiliary pump, located in the right wheelwell, to provide normal operation of the right system if needed.
What are the modes of operation or control?
The aircraft has two completely independent hydraulic systems. There are no provisions for routing hydraulic fluid from one system to the other. Each system has a hydraulic reservoir, required filters, valves, accumulator, and an engine-driven hydraulic pump. Fluid supply to the engine-driven pumps can be stopped by pulling the fire shutoff handles, thereby mechanically closing the hydraulic fire shutoff valves.
b. Reservoirs
What is its function?
It is a storage area for 3 gallons of hydraulic fluid. A site glass is located on the reservoir to check for excessive air accumulation.
Where is it located?
In the left and right wheelwell. There is one reservoir for each system.
What is its function?
Used to provide means for checking initial charging pressure. They provide uniform pressure for lateral control spoiler operation.
Where is it located?
Two accumulators are located in each wheelwell.
What is its function?
Actuators are the mechanical means by which the cargo door, stairs, nose wheel steering, flaps, slats, and landing gear all function.
e. Fluids
What is its function?
Keeps the system working by working as the main pressure inductive liquid. Conducts pressure into work.
Where is it located?
Located throughout the system and primarily in the accumulators.
What are the safety precautions?
Do not get into the skin or eyes.
201.1.7 Aircraft doors
What is its function?
The forward stairs provide exit capability from the aircraft.
Where is it located?
Port side of the aircraft under the forward entrance door.
What are the safety precautions?
Do not open the door for normal deplaning until the slide girt bar is properly stowed. There is a lockable mechanical detent latch provided to lock the stairway in the extend position when electrical power is removed from the stair circuit. The stairway has handrails which must be extended when the stairs are extended when the stairs are to be used. This will keep personnel from falling off the stairs.
What is its purpose?
Used for exiting the aircraft from the aft.
Where is it located?
The stairs are part of the aft tailcone which is lowered and extended for entering or exiting the aircraft.
What are the safety precautions?
Prior to actuating the AUX hydraulic pump for aft stairway door operation, visually check the exterior of the aircraft to ensure all personnel are clear. Do not free fall the stairway after it has been manually stowed because of possible damage to the stairway.
c. Service door
What is its function?
Designed to be used when additional servicing is required on the aircraft and as not to interfere with passenger loading.
Where is it located?
It is the starboard forward entrance door. It is smaller than the port entrance door.
d. Main cargo door
What is its function?
It used for loading palletized or loose cargo into the main cabin area.
Where is it located?
Located on the left side of the fuselage aft of the forward passenger door.
What are the modes of operation or control?
To open the cargo door from inside the aircraft, there is a door control handle located near the forward entrance door, under a floor panel door. The door can also be manually opened from the outside by placing the lockpin control handle to the UNLOCK position and inserting a bar into the external manual latch release.
What are the safety precautions?
Do not taxi the aircraft with the main cargo door opened or unlatched. If wind velocities from 40 to 65 knots are anticipated, the main cargo door may be opened to the 84-degree position only if the aircraft is parked so that the wind direction is against the right side of the aircraft; otherwise, do not open the door.
What are the probable indications if the door fails?
If the cargo door fails to close the MAIN CARGO DOOR annunciator light will come on in the cockpit. Also, the lockpins may not be engaged in the latches. On the outside of the cargo door there are three visual indicators which should all be in the LOCKED position. If one or all of the three indicators read UNLOCKED the door is not properly secured.
What is its function?
It is a door which seals up the lower cargo compartments for flight.
Where is it located?
On the lower starboard side of the aircraft. There are two baggage hold doors. One forward of the wing and one aft.
What are the modes of operation or control?
Both doors have a round shaped access handle. The handle must be pushed in on the right side which will protrude the left side of the handle. Grab and twist the handle down and counterclockwise to unlatch the door. Push up on the door until it cannot be raised any further. Return the handle to its original position. This will latch the door to the baggage compartment=s ceiling.
What are the probable indications if this component fails?
A light will come on in the cockpit annunciator panel indicating that the door is not properly closed. Outside the aircraft, the access handle will not be flush with the door if the door is not closed.
201.1.8 Cabin Pressurization system:
What is its function?
Provides air conditioning and pressurization for the aircraft.
Where is it located?
There are two air pacs. Both are in the tail compartment, port and starboard sides.
b. Outflow valve
What is its function?
These valves enable the aircraft to maintain a certain aircraft pressurization rate.
Where is it located?
The cabin air outflow nozzle is located in the aft pressure bulkhead, and is part of the cabin air outflow valve. The cabin air outflow butterfly valve is located on the aft port side of the aircraft fuselage and both act together to keep cabin pressurization within prescribed limits.
What is its function?
Protect the aircraft from excess cabin ambient pressure differential. The relief valves are set to limit cabin pressure to approximately 8.06 pounds per square inch differential.
Where is it located?
This consists of the cabin air outflow nozzle and the cabin air outflow butterfly valve and are located on the aft port side of the fuselage.
201.1.9 Air Conditioning (AC) system:
The Air Conditioning control panel is located in the cockpit on the forward center overhead panel.
b. Heat exchanger
What is its function?
To cool hot compressed air from the engines or APU before entering the air conditioning turbines. Hot compressed air from the engines or APU supply passes through a pressure regulator and through an air-conditioning flow control valve. Part of the air supply is ducted to temperature control valves and provides the heated air portion of the system. The remaining air supply is ducted through a primary heat exchanger for cooling, a compressor to a secondary heat exchanger, and then to a cooling turbine. Cooling air for the heat exchangers is provided by a fan during ground operation and by ram air during flight.
Where are they located?
There is a primary and secondary heat exchanger in each air conditioning system. The heat exchangers are located in the tail compartment of the aircraft.
201.1.10 Fire Extinguishing Units
What is its function?
Used to extinguish an engine fire. They contain an extinguishing agent known as bromotrifluoromethane.
Where is it located?
Located in the aft tail compartment. There are two bottles. Both are located on the port side and both have three extinguishing lines: one for each engine, and one for the APU.
What are the safety precautions?
The agent is not designed to be recharged while installed on the aircraft. Do not allow extinguishing agents to come in contact with the skin, eyes or mouth. The extinguishing agent is a respiratory hazard. Do not inhale.
What is its function?
Used to extinguish an APU fire. They contain an extinguishing agent known as bromotrifluoromethane.
Where is it located?
Located in the aft accessory compartment near the APU.
What are the safety precautions?
Do not allow extinguishing agents to come in contact with the skin, eyes or mouth. The aft fire warning horn for an APU fire is very loud. Exposure to the horn for a period of time without hearing protection can may affect your hearing ability.
201.1.11 Discuss the types of oxygen systems:
Used to supply breathable oxygen when needed to the passengers, cabin crew, and cockpit.
Where is it located?
Located in the nose section of the aircraft. Breathable oxygen is located through oxygen masks distributed throughout the cockpit and cabin.
What are the safety precautions?
Detailed safety precautions are discussed in section 101: Safety Fundamentals, of the C-9B/DC-9 specific JQR.
What is its function?
To provide breathable oxygen for the cockpit crewmembers, passengers and crew when needed.
Where is it located?
In two large portable cylinders located behind the copilot's seat.
What are the safety precautions?
The portable oxygen cylinders are compressed gases and are considered a hazardous material. Do not handle oxygen cylinders unless certified to do so.
What is its function?
To provide oxygen to cabin crewmembers in the event of fire, decompression, or for emergency first aid oxygen.
Where is it located?
There are two high pressure bottles located forward of the 25 man rafts in the overhead panel used for crew mobility in the event of cabin decompression. One high pressure oxygen bottle with a full-face oxygen mask is located on the starboard side, aft of the 25 man life rafts, in the overhead panel. Its primary use is for firefighting. And two high pressure bottles located in the aft coat closet, on the starboard side, forward of the aft lavatory. The bottles are mounted to the bulkhead there and are used for crew mobility and first aid. On C-9B model aircraft, a low pressure bottle is located aft of the copilot's seat. It is used for firefighting.
a. Lavatories
What is its function?
They provide sanitary facilities for passenger and crew which include razor outlets, sinks, and toilets.
Where are they located?
There are two lavatories. One located forward, port side, just aft of the entrance way. The second is located aft, starboard side, just forward of the aft entrance way door.
What are the safety precautions?
In an emergency, first aid oxygen is available in the lavatory area. In an emergency, the lavatory door may be unlocked from the outside by inserting a screwdriver or sharp object into a slot on the OCCUPIED sign on the door latch and sliding the sign to the VACANT position. Smoke detectors are installed in each lavatory and smoking is strictly prohibited.
What is its function?
Used for drinking water and for clean, washing water dispensed by sink faucets located in each lavatory. May be used to charge the toilet flushing system.
Where is it located?
The potable water charging station is located forward of the starboard forward baggage compartment.
What is its function?
Contains items used for passenger and crew comfort needs including an oven, coffee maker, electrical control panel, refrigerator, freezer, and miscellaneous galley equipment.
Where is it located?
There are two galley areas. One located forward, next to the forward service door, just aft of the cockpit area. The second is located aft in the cabin just forward of the aft entrance door, port side.
201.1.13 Discuss the purpose of the aircraft Anti-ice/De-ice system.
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AZC(AW/NAC) Kimberly King
AT2 Daniel Leeson