102: Air Department Fundamentals

References:
[a] NAVEDTRA 12000, Airman
[b] NAVEDTRA 12368, Aviation Boatswain's Mate H, 3 & 2
[c] COMNAVAIRLANT/COMNAVAIRPACINST 3100.4B, Air Department Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)
[d] NAVEDTRA 12360-A, Aviation Boatswain's Mate E, 3 & 2
[e] NAVEDTRA 12364, Aviation Boatswain's Mate F
[f] NAVAIR 00-80T-105, CV NATOPS Manual
[g] Naval Air Warfare Center Visual Landing Aids General Service Bulletin, Nr. 8 (Rev. L)
[h] NAVAIR AE-CVATC-OPM-000, Carrier Air Traffic Control Handbook

102.1 Describe what constitutes a full flight deck uniform.

a. Cranial on and buckled
b. goggles down over eyes
c. Flight deck jerseys on with sleeves rolled down
d. Float coat on and fastened
e. Safety shoes

102.2 Discuss the purpose of a conflagration station.
- They are responsible to the Integrity Watch Officer (IWO) or OOD, as appropriate, for the security of the Hangar bay for the proper operation of all remotely controlled fire-fighting apparatus on the hangar deck. At a minimum, one conflagration station per bay (containing aircraft) will be manned during the watch period.

102.3 What is the purpose of hangar deck ballistic/deck edge doors?
Ballistic doors are large metal doors athwartship that are used to divide the hangar deck into sections or bays. This compartmentalization of the hangar deck aids isolation of hangar deck fires and CBR contamination. Deck-Edge Elevator Doors are used to open and close the hangar deck openings through which aircraft are moved onto the deck-edge elevators.

102.4 Define the term flight quarters.
Flight quarters is the condition in which normal fixed wing and helicopter flight operations are conducted.

102.5 Describe alert conditions for fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters (ref. f. p. 4-17, ref. c. p. 2-8)

a. Condition I- Aircraft shall be spotted on the catapult or in a position affording a clear route to the catapult.
b. Condition II- All provision for condition I apply, except that flightcrews are not required in the aircraft.
c. Condition III- Flightcrews shall be in full flight gear, briefed, and standing by the ready rooms.
d. Condition IV- this is similar to condition III except that minor maintenance may be performed on the aircraft if no delay in launch is involved.

102.6 Describe the following aircraft handling equipment (ref. b)

a. TD-1A/B tiedown chain (p.2-24)
- Is a quick-release aircraft tie-down chain assembly that has been used almost exclusively aboard ship and ashore for nearly 20 years. You can adjust the TD-1A/B from 1 foot 6 inches to 9 feet 10 inches. Weighs about 12 pounds and has a safe working load of 10,000 pounds. Another version, used only on amphibious ships, has a 14-foot chain for high point tie downs.
b. Adjustable length towbar (ALBAR) (p. 2-26)- Presently there are four lengths. The Model 15 ALBAR is and will remain the standard towbar for movement of most land-based and CV-based aircraft weighting up to 90,000 pounds.

Model 8 ALBAR (9 feet long)
Model 15 ALBAR (15 feet long)
Model 20 ALBAR (20 feet long)
Model 24 ALBAR (25 feet long)

102.7 State the minimum personnel required to move an aircraft.
Six; these include:
a. Director
b. Brake Rider
c. Tractor/spotting dolly driver
d. Port wing walker
e. Starboard wing walker
f. Tail safety observer

102.8 Explain the functions of personnel wearing the following colored jerseys on the flight deck: [ref. f, p. 2-3]

a. Yellow - Aircraft Handling Officers and Plane Directors
b. Blue - Aircraft Handling crews
c. Red - Crash and Smash crews, EOD
d. Green
1) Catapult and Arresting Gear Officers and crews
2) GSE troubleshooters
3) Line and Maintenance LPOs
4) Aircraft maintenance crews
5) Photographers
e. Purple - Fuels crews
f. Brown - Plane Captains
g. White
1) Cargo Handlers
2) Elevator Operators
3) LOX crews
4) Messengers/phone talkers
5) ATO members

102.9 Explain the function of personnel wearing the following flight deck gear: [ref. f, pp. 2-3, 2-4]

a.White jersey with red cross - Medical
b.Green jersey with red cranial -
c.Red jersey with black stripes - Ordnance crews
d.Cranial with three orange stripes - All AIR department khakis and LPOs, EOD team members, and ordnance officers.
e.Yellow jersey with blue vest - Tractor King
f.White jersey, no cranial- LSO
g.White jersey with green cross- Safety

102.10 Explain the following flight deck equipment markings, the purpose of each, and the related safety precautions:

a.Foul line - A red and white line painted on the flight deck to separate landing areas from the rest of the deck. No equipment or personnel shall be permitted in the landing area during launch or recovery unless specifically authorized.
b.Jet Blast Deflector (JBD) - Used to protect personnel, equipment, and other aircraft from hot exhaust gases coming from aircraft about to be launched from the catapult. They're hydraulically operate and salt-water cooled. Personnel and equipment shall remain clear of the JBD machinery when it is being raised or lowered. JBD panels are designed to withstand the weight of an aircraft only temportrality. Aircraft shyould not be stoppped, or parked, on top of the JBD panels.
c.Elevators - Shall be operated only by qualified personnel. They're used to transfer aircraft and equipment between the flight deck and the hanger or main deck. Never attempt to get on/off a moving elevator. The deck edge is identified by a 6"x12" red-and-white line.
d.Stanchions - Electrically operated, they provide safety for flight-and hangar-deck elevator areas. Stanchions are automatically raised and lowered when the elevator up/down button is pressed.
e.Safe launch line - A white line associated with each catapult. Gives the catapult officer a reference for determining a clear shot to ensure nothing interferes with the launch.
f.Deck edge scupper - Provided around the edge of the flight deck to ensure immediate drainage of water and fluids. Painted white.
g.Barricade stanchion - 24' barricade stanchion is used to raise and support (by means of tensioning pendants) the barricade which is used for emergency aircraft arrestments.
h.Bomb jettison ramps - Provides a means for jettisoning bombs in emergency situations. Ramps should be exercised daily to ensure operability. They're identified by a yellow stripe painted up and over the wheel ramp coaming at both ends of the ramp opening. The flight deck in front of the opening is marked with alternating 4" red and yellow strpes with a 12" dark facsimile of a bomb.
i.Access ladders - Allows access to the flight deck from the cat walks. Identified by white 12" deep box as wide as the ladder or platform.
j.Ordnance elevator - Wepaons elevators are used to transfer ordnacne between thge magazines and the flight deck.
k.Retractable sheave -

102.11 State the purpose of the following flight deck edge scupper markings and describe the appearance of each: [ref. g]

a.Catapult steam smothering valve - 18" white facsimile of a valve handle identifies the catwalk location of the valve.
b.Aqueous Film-Forming Foam (AFFF) - 18" wide green stripe painted up and over the 3" high AFFF painted in the center of the stripe.
c.Saltwater station - 18" wide stripe painted over the deck edge wheel stop coaming with a 3" high yellow "W".
d.CO2 - 12" wide red stripe painted over the deck edge wheel stop coaming with a red 5" high "CO2".
e.PKP - 12" wide red stripe painted over the deck edge wheel stop coaming with a 3" high white "PKP".
f.Electrical power hatch - Hatches are painted blue, and identify the deck edge and flush deck epectrical power stations.

102.12 State the hazards of the arresting gear cable during arrestment/respot.
- During respot, aircraft handling and maintenance crews must be alert for the cable return to slap if it has been stretched out of place by aircraft movement. Also the arresting gear is raised which gives way to the possibility of an individual coming in contact with the cable as an aircraft is rolling over it. Great care must be taken to keep feet and hands out from under the cable.

102.13 Explain the purpose of the barricade.
- Used for the emergency arrestment of aircraft whcih, because of mechanical failure, cannot make a normal arrested landing.

102.14 Discus the three major systems that make up the MK-7 recovery equipment (ref d, p. 3-1)

a. Emergency recovery equipment
- an emergency arrestment is accomplished in the same manner as a normal arrestment except that a barricade webbing assembly transmits the aircraft's landing force to the purchase cable through the webbing assembly instead of a crossdeck pendant.
b. Drive System
- When a landing aircraft engages a deck pendant, or barricade, it pulls the purchase cable from the arresting engine. This action causes the crosshead to move toward the fixed sheave end of the engine, causing fluid displacement from the engine cylinder. The movement of the crosshead causes the drive system to rotate a valve cam, forcing a plunger down onto a set of levers. This action forces a valve sleeve and valve stem down to mate with a valve seat to close the valve, shutting off the flow of fluid from the engine cylinder to the engine accumulator, bringing the aircraft to a stop.
c. Engine Installation
- a framework for supporting the engine and most of its components and for securing the entire assembly to the ship's structure. It is composed of a welded steel base made in two longitudinal box sections with the necessary ties, plates, and other structural members. It encases the Main Engine Cylinder, Accumulator, Constant Run-out Valve (CROV) and the Air Flask as the main components.

102.15 Discuss the purpose of the deck pendant/purchase cable
- The purchase cable is the wire rope reeved onto the arresting engine sheaves and fed through fairlead tubing and over the fairlead sheaves to the deck gear on the flight deck. The purchase cable transmits the force of the landing aircraft from the deck gear to the arresting engine.

102.16 Discuss the purpose of the impact pads located on the flight deck
- Impact pads are made up of several sections of polyurethane pads laid side by side and secured within an outer steel frame. Upon initial arrestment by an aircraft the terminal will impact on the pads instead of the steel deck, minimizing damage to the fittings, purchase cable, and crossdeck pendants.

102.17 Discuss the purpose of the cross deck pendant wire support
- The wire support provides a method of raising the crossdeck pedant off the flight deck to ensure arresting (tail) hook engagement of the incoming aircraft. Height requirement is 2 to 5 inches.

102.18 Discuss the function of the retractable deck sheave
- The function of a retractable sheave is to provide a means of lowering deck sheaves that would interfere with passage of aircraft and deck equipment when in the raised operating position.

102.19 Discuss the function of the aircraft integrity watch
- Aircraft Integrity watch is responsible to the Command Duty Officer/Officer of the Deck for the security of all aircraft and equipment on the flight deck and hangar bays.

102.20 Describe the purpose of these:
- The shuttle carries the forward motion of the pistons to the aircraft by means of a launch bar attached to the aircraft nose gear and connected to the nose gear launch shuttle spreader.

102.21 Discuss the function of the JBD.
- The JBD consists of three to four panels of oblative material, cooled by circulating salt-water, and is used to deflect jet blast up and away from personnel, equipment, and other aircraft during catshots.

102.22 Discuss the function of the water brake cylinder
- The water brakes stop the forward motion of the shuttle and pistons at the end of the catapult power stroke. The water-brake cylinders are installed at the forward end of the launching engine cylinder. The after end of each water-brake cylinder is supported and aligned by the most forward section of each launching engine cylinder, which fits closely around the end of the water-brake cylinder. The forward end of each cylinder is anchored in place by upper bracket and lower support saddle and a chock.

102.23 Discuss the term catapult no-load
- Testing of the catapult during periods when no aircraft are to be launched but the catapult is in an up status. These tests consist of at least two catapult shots, during which the control system is operated through its complete cycle.

102.24 Discuss the purpose for the Integrated Catapult Control System (ICCS)
- Is the primary mode of controlling fixed-wing-aircraft launching operations. The Catapult Officer directs all phases of the launch from the ICCS.

102.25 State the purpose of aviation fuels watch
- This watch is stood 24 hours a day when the ship is not at flight quarters. Personnel standing this watch must be properly trained, familiar with the AvFuels system, and fully PQS-qualified as an AvFuels Security Watch.

102.26 Discuss the purpose of the Fresnel Lens Optical Landing System (FLOLS)
- The Fresnal Lens Optical Landing System (FLOLS) is the visual landing aid normally used by the pilot to bring the aircraft down a glide slope to the deck within the arresting gear crossdeck pendant pattern with safe clearance between the tail hook and the stern of the ship. Its primary control station is in PRI-FLY with secondary control capability from the fresnal lens control room. Remote indicators are located in PRI-FLY control and on the LSO platform.


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