Here's the list, sorry that don't know locations of some blue only pokemon and some early in the game.

1.Bulbasaur
Choose in Oak's lab at begining of game
2.Ivysaur
Evolved Bulbasaue
3.Venusaur
Fully evolved Bulbasaur 
4.Charmander
Choose in Prof. Oak's lab at start
5.Charmeleon
Evolved Charmander
6.Charizard
Fully Evolved Charmander
7.Squirtle
Choose in Profesor Oak's Lab at start of game
8.Wartortle
Evolved Squirtle
9.Blastoise
Fully Evolved Squirtle
10.Caterpie
catch at begining
11.Metapod
Evolved Caterpie
12.Butterfree
Fully evolved Caterpie
13.Weedle
Catch at begining
14.Kakuna
Evolved Weedle
15.Beedrill
Fully evolved Weedle
16.Pidgey
Catch at begining
17.Pidgeotto
Evolved Pidgey
18.Pidgeot
Fully Evolved Pidgey
19.Rattata
Catch on road to Pokemon League
20.Raticate
Evolved Rattata
21.Spearow
Catch near begining
22.Fearow
Evolved Spearow
23.Ekans
Catch towards begining, Ekans=snakE
24.Arbok
Evolved Ekans, Arbok=kobrA
25.Pikachu
Catch all over in the begining, Pikachu I choose You!
26.Raichu
Evolved Pikachu
27.Sandshrew
Blue Only
28.Sandslash
Evolved SandShrew
29.Nidoran (female)
Buy at casino or catch in safari
30.Nidorana
Evolved Nidoran(F)
31.Nidoqueen
Fully Evolved Nidoran(F)
32.Nidoran (male)
catch on road to pokemon league
33.Nidorino
Evolved Nidoran(M)
34.Nidoking
Fully Evolved Nidoran(M)
35.Clefairy
Catch in first cave i think
36.Clefable
Evolved Clefairy
37.Vulpix
Blue Only
38.NineTales
Fully evolved Vulpix
39.Jigglypuff
Catch in first cave of the game i think
40.Wigglytuff
Evolved Jigglypuff
41.Zubat
Catch in caves
42.Golbat
Fully Evolved Zubat
43.Oddish
Catch towards the begining of the game
44.Gloom
Evolved Oddish
45.Vileplume
Fully evolved Oddish
46.Paras
Catch in Safari or in a cave at the begining
47.Parasect
Fully evolved Paras
48.Venonat
Catch in safari 
49.Venomoth
Fully evolved venonat
50.Diglett
Catch in Diglett cave
51.Dugtrio
Catch in Diglett Cave, Fully evolved diglett
52.Meowth
Blue only
53.Persian
Evolved Meowth
54.Psyduck
Psy-I-I, catch in seafoam i think
55.Golduck
Evolved Psyduck
56.Mankey
Catch in a cave somewhere
57.Primeape
Evolved Mankey
58.Growlithe
Catch in road between celadon and saffron, i think
59.Arcanine
Fully Evolved Growlithe, use fire stone
60.Poliwag
not sure where you catch this one
61.Poliwhirl
Evolved Poliwag
62.Poliwrath
Fully evolved Poliwag
63.Abra
Catch in road to Bill's house, or buy in casino, which is easier
64.Kadabra
Evolved Abra
65.Alakazam
Fully evolved Abra, trade to get it
66.Machop
Catch in dark cave, i think
67.Machoke
Evolved Machop
68.Machamp
Fully evolved Machop, have to trade to get it
69.Bellsprout
Blue only
70.Weepinbell
Evolved Bellsprout
71.Victreebel
Fully evolved Bellsprout
72.Tentacool
Catch in water when surfing
73.Tentacruel
evolved Tentacool
74.Geodude
Catch in first cave
75.Graveler
Evolved Graveler
76.Golem
Fully Evolved Geodude, trade graveler to evolve into this
77.Ponyta
Catch in Safari zone i believe
78.Rapidash
Evolved Ponyta
79.Slowpoke
Catch in seafoam
80.Slowbro
Evolved Slowpoke
81.Magmemite
Catch in Power Plant
82.Magneton
evolved Magnemite
83.Farfetch'd
Trade a Fearow for it in town by st. Anne
84.Doduo
Catch in Safari
85.Dodrio
Evolved Duduo
86.Seel
Catch in Seafoam
87.Dewgong
Evolved Seel
88.Grimer
Catch in Power Plant
89.Muk
Evolved Grimer
90.Shellder
Catch in seafoam
91.Cloyster
Evolved Shellder
92.Gastly
Catch in Pokemon tower
93.Haunter
Catch in Pokemon tower
94.Gengar
Evolved Haunter, need to trade to evolve
95.Onix
Rock Snake Pokemon, Catch in Most Caves
96.Drowsee
Forget where to catch this one, pretty early on though
97.Hypno
Evolved Drowsee
98.Krabby
Catch on east coast route or in safari
99.Kingler
evolved Krabby
100.Voltorb
Catch in power plant
101.Electrode
Evolved Voltorb
102.Exeggcute
Catch in safari zone, Egg Pokemon
103.Exeggutor
Evolved Exeggcute
104.Cubone
Catch in Pokemon Tower
105.Marowak
Evolved Cubone
106.Hitmonlee
Get in fighting Gym
107.Hitmonchan
Get in Fighting Gym
108.Likitung
Trade something for it
109.Koffing
Catch in Power plant
110.Weezing
Evolved Koffing
111.Rhyhorn
catch in safari
112.Rhydon
Evolved Rhyhorn
113.Chansey
catch in final cave or in safari
114.Tangela
Trade somethin for it, i forget
115.Kangaskhan
Hard to catch, in safari
116.Horsea
Catch in Seafoam
117.Seadra
Evolved Horsea
118.Goldeen
Catch along the route on east coast
119.Seaking
Evolved Goldeen
120.Staryu
Catch in seafoam
121.Starmie
Evolved Staryu
122.Mr. Mime
Trade an Abra for this, Always named Marcel
123.Scyther
Red only, at casino or safari zone
124.Jynx
Ice Type, get at seafoam i think
125.Electrabuzz
Lightning type, in Power Plant
126.Magmar
Fire type, im not sure where you get it
127.Pinsir
Blue only, at casino
128.Tauros
Catch the Bull in Safari zone
129.Magikarp
Go fishing with old rod
130.Gyarados
Evolved Magikarp
131.Lapras
Get after beating gary in Saffron
132.Ditto
Transforms into other pokemon
133.Eevee
Get in Celadon, I think.  Can evolve into 3 different pokemon
134.Vaporeon
Water Eevee, give it a water stone
135.Jolteon
Lightning Eevee, Give it a lightning stone
136.Flareon
 Fire Eevee, give eevee a fire stone
137.Porygon
Get at casino, lot of $$$
138.Omanyte
Get by cloning helix fossil
139.Omastar
Evolved Omanyte
140.Kabuto
Get by cloning dome fossil
141.Kabutops
Evolved Kabuto
142.Aerodactyl
Get this by cloning old amber
143.Snorlax
Big sleepy pokemon found on some roads
144.Articuno
Ice Bird in Seafoam
145.Zapdos
Lightning bird in Power Plant
146.Moltres
Fire bird in victory road
147.Dratini
Dragon type, get in safari zone or at casino
148.Dragonair
Evolved Dratini
149.Dragonite
Fully evolved Dratini
150.Mewtwo
One of the best, catch in final cave
151.Mew
Don't think it's in the US version