CHRONOLOGY
1775 American Revolution process begins
1776 Adam Smith publishes Wealth of Nations
1777 Frederick II of Prussia stops Hessian mercenaries from
crossing territory.
Von Steuben arrives in America
1780 Catherine II of Russia, under influence of Vergennes from
France, and Prussian ambassador, forms League of Armed
Neutrality.
1783 Peace of Paris ends American Revolution
1787 Schiller publishes Don Carlos
1789 French Revolution
1791 Poland establishes lst Constitution in Europe in
Revolution, involvement of Kosciesko.
Alexander Hamilton issues Report on Manufacturers
1792 Russia takes Poland
1793 Execution of Louis XVI in France
1793-4 Reign of Terror in France; execution of Lavoisier, etc.
1794 Carnot, Monge and Chaptal come in to power in France.
Chaptal a chemist, follower of Lavoisier. Invited to
America by G. Washington -- meets Alexander Hamilton.
Writes book in 1805 on The Industry of France. Later,
Chaptal gives List Hamilton's book (1824) as List
prepares to leave for America, to join Lafayette.
1794 Above form Ecole Polytechnique in France
1798 Malthus publishes book on Population
1799 Napoleon in power
1801 JQ Adams Ambassador in Prussia -- writes in diary
about seeing Schiller plays: Don Carlos, Wallenstein,
Cabale und Liebe
1804 Hamilton killed by Aaron Burr
Von Humboldt in Philadelphia
1805 Schiller Dies
1805 Chaptal publishes book The Industry of France
1806 Battle of Jena -- Napoleon defeats Prussia.
Prussian reformers, led by Baron von Stein come in.
Schiller's networks.
Wars of Liberation.
1809 Metternich becomes Foreign Minister of Austria
1812 US and Britain at war; creates American Navy.
Napoleon defeated in Russia
1814 Brits burn White House
Defeat Napoleon -- march into Paris
Baron von Stein proposes protective tariff in Prussia --
38 different German entities. Proposes eliminate tariffs
and put up protective tariff against Britain.
1815 Congress of Vienna
Holy Alliance -- Russia, Prussia and Austria
Concert of Europe
Cast of Characters:
Metternich -- Austria
Casterlaegh -- Britain
Alexander I -- Russia
Frederick Wilhelm -- Prussia
Bourbons -- France
March-June,
1815 100 Days of Napoleons return, ended by Waterloo
1815 Sylvanus Thayer and Winfield Scott come to Vienna, meet
Von Humboldt -- take maps of Ecole Polytechnique back to
America to form West Point, on model designed by Von
Steuben.
1817 David Ricardo publishes book on Political Economy
1817 List appointed Professor at Tuebingen in Wuerttemberg
after he makes proposals for reforms in civil service and
state aid to industry. Mentor is Wangenheim; he is later
forced out by Metternich.
List begins correspondence with Von Cotta -- publisher of
Schiller's works.
1818 Rothschild loan at 5% to Prussia; King calls for tax
increase -- industrialists petition.
1819 Student demonstrations results in Carlsbad Decrees
Prussian reformers forced to resign
Economic collapse in Europe; banking panic in US
List enters political scene in prominent way -- gets 5000
signatures on petition at Fair and forms Handelsverein.
List meets Von Humboldt, reps of Von Stein
1820 Constitutional Revolts in Spain, Naples, and
Canning makes proposal to US to join Britain against
interventionist policy of Holy Alliance. Offers support
to Spanish Revolutionaries if they give Britain right to
Cuba and possibly Puerto Rico. List later exposes
fraud of Canning's "liberal" guise in his letters to
Ingersoll.
List denounced as "dangerous revolutionary" by Austrian
ministers; loses chair at university. Accused of "acting
in interests of foreign state" and "corruption" -- forced
to resign from Handelsverein. List says: "I planted a
seed from which a constitution may grow."
List elected to Wuerttemberg assembly -- proposes state
credit for industry; easing taxes; annual budget. Thrown
off and given 10 month sentence in prison.
1822 Canning in as British Foreign Minister
List proposes to Von Cotta that he publish Chaptal's book
in German
1823 France intervenes in Spain.
Monroe Doctrine - rejection of Canning's offer
Lafayette's letter to Adams -- attacks "Unholy Alliance", but
warns against US becoming a "cock boat to a British man-of-war".
Lafayette invited to tour US
List serves sentence, agrees to lose citizenship, and
leaves for America to join Lafayette on his tour.
Goes to Paris before he leaves -- given Hamilton's book
by Chaptal.
1825 Erie Canal completed after 10 years in US. Lafayette
tours. Joined by List.
Von Motz begins internal improvement in Germany
Election of JQAdams president of US, vs. Jackson
1826 List writes for German language weekly in Pennsylvania --
the Readington Adler -- attacks Holy Alliance
1827 List writes to Ingersoll, head of Pennsylvania Society of
Manufacturers -- later these letters are
published as "The American System of Economics"
1828 US passes Tariff of 1828 -- demonstrations
Von Cotta negotiates for enlargening customs unions in
Germany
Von Cotta founds Augsberger Allegemaine Zeitung,
newpaper, that List and Henrich Heine write for.
1830 Revolutions in Europe: July Revolution in France, puts in
King Louis Philippe after Lafayette
Republican move shelved. Citizen King
Polish Revolution. Lafayette attempts to support. Edgar
Alan Poe volunteers, Chopin supports, later Marie Curie
Holy Alliance agrees to partition Poland.
Belgium formed, revolts from Deutch. List had been in
prison in Ausberg with Belgian patriot.
1831 Prussian Treaty with Belgium, ends Dutch Naval monopoly
List in France. Writes detailed program for French
economy -- including national credits for development,
commercial banks, railroads
1832 List appointed US consul to Hamburg. Appointment
rejected, he is told by US Ambassador Martin Van Buren.
1834 List appointed US consul to Leipzig. Fairs there.
Friendship with Schumanns who live there.
Jan 1: Zollverein formed. Initially 18 members.
1837 List returns to France; private meetings with Louis
Phillipe for development of France. Similar plans for
Belgium (proposed railroad from Belgium to India).
French proposals considered "fantastic" (ie unreal) by
Louis' advisors.
1841 List writes National System of Political Economy.
Bitterly attacked by British press. Goes into 3 editions
in first few months. Published in French, Hungarian,
etc.
1844 List's "The Politics" published. Attacks "crafty and
spiteful commercial policy of England." For Germany,
proposes: thoroughly efficient transport facilities by
river, canal, and railway under united management --
creation of a German fleet and the adoption of a
universal German flag -- founding of German colonies
abroad -- national supervision of emigration -- estab. of
German foreign consulates -- regular line of German
steamships -- commercial treaties with US, Holland, etc.
Outrage in Britain
Inclusion of Belgium in Zollverein
1846 British controversy around lifting Corn Laws
List goes to Britain to assess situation
1847 List dies, a supposed suicide.