Ku Klux Klan #CR0000820 (Also... Some alternate names are aliases, other are names for specific subgroups or cells). 14 Words Alabama Empire Knights of the KKK (AEK-KKK) American Klan Association American Renaissance California's Invincible Empire California Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (CA.K-KKK) Carolina (Christian) Knights of the KKK (CK-KKK; NC-based) Confederation of Independent Orders Confederate Knights of the KKK Confederate National Congress (CNC) Federated Knights of the KKK in South and North Carolina Federation of Klans, Knights of the KKK (FKK-KKK) Georgia's New Order of the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan Great White North Illinois Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (IK-KKK) Imperial Clans of America Independent Northern and Southern Klans (Indiana-based) Indiana Realm of the KKK International Keystone Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (KK-KKK) Invisible Empire Invisible Empire Knights Invincible Empire, Knights of the White Rose (California-based) Iowa's White Knights of the KKK Justice Knights of the KKK (TN-based) Keystone Knights of the KKK (KK-KKK) Klan Youth Corps (KKK's youth group for kids 18 & under) Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (K-KKK) Knights of the White Camellia (TX-based) Knights of the White Rose Lake County Triple K Club Michigan Knights of the KKK (MK-KKK) Michigan Realm of the Knights of the KKK (MRK-KKK) Missouri New Order KKK National Association for the Advancement of White People (NAAWP) National Knights National Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (NK-KKK) Nevada KKK New Empire KKK (NC-based) New Jersey's White Knights of the KKK New Order Knights New Order Party, Knights of the KKK (NOP, K-KKK; Missouri-based) North Carolina's White Knights of Liberty Northwest United Klan (Connecticut) Ohio's Independent Invisible Knights Ohio Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (OH.K-KKK) Order of the Fiery Cross, K-KKK (Lake County, IL) Pennsylvania's White Knights of the KKK Southern White Knights (SWK; GA-based) Stormfront Realm of Florida Tennessee's United Empire Knights of the KKK Texas Emergency Reserve (military arm of the K-KKK in Texas) United Klans of America (UKA) White Heritage Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (California-based) White Knights White Knights of the KKK (WK-KKK; MO-based) White Patriots Party (WPP) Source: FBI, DEA, BATF, Local Law Enforcement Type: Hate-based terrorist organization Scope: Frequent attacks against racially motivated targets throughout North America and many parts of Europe. The KKK is truly an international organization with independent cells throughout the world. Affiliations: Known affiliations with the Aryan World [#CR0001695], the Aryan National Church [#CR0001899] and the Aryan Soldiers of the New Millennium [#CR0002716]. Believed to be linked with The Order [#CR0003475] and the Afrikaner Resistance Front [#CR0002198] [DEA]. May have also trained members of the Bruder Schweigen [#CR0002198] [FBI], and provided weapons or equipment to the European Christian Resistance Front [#CR0003822] [BATF]. Personnel: 5000 estimated in North America Operating Since: 1864/1921 Structure: The group follows a bureaucratic organization, made-up of many small, relatively independent groups thought to number around 97. Each group is distinct from the others, they rarely cooperate with one another, and recognize no central authority. Some of these groups are very prone to violence, whereas others operate within the law. The ideology of the various factions is virtually indistinguishable, the language of rituals and tests of printed materials are often identical. The differences revolve around issues of personality, finances, tactics, and power. Leaders: Bill Albers [#LL5148752] (American Klan Association), J.D. Alder [#LL5785468] (Advisor to the Realm of Florida), Kim Badynski [#LL5481354] (IK-KKK leader), John B. Baumgardner [#LL5648212] (Realm of Florida), Alan Beshella [#LL5684231] (KKK Britain), James Betts [#LL6545231] (NOP), Barry Black [#LL6548243] (KK-KKK - Stormfront), James Blair [#LL5164851] (Alabama Invisible Empire), Terry Boyce [#LL5984613] (Confederate Knights-KKK), Darlene Carver [#LL6513486] (Secretary- Georgia K-KKK), Harold Covington [#LL5482321] (founded CNC), Michael Cuffley [#LL6487921] (Missouri K-KKK), Robert Dyslin [#LL6413581] (Chicago Liberty Net, IL), Mike Eddington [#LL5898549] (Knights of the White Camellia of the KKK-Florida), James W. Farrands [#LL5486286] (Invisible Empire, Connecticut), Darrell Flinn [#LL6543215] (Knights of the White Kamellia in AL and LA), C. Edward Foster [#LL5574612] (Pennsylvania), Virgil L Griffin [#LL5421851] (North Carolina), David Halland [#LL5715462] (SWK leader), Bennie Jack Hays [#LL6005169] (UKA lieutenant), David W. Holland [#LL6513242] (SWK), Charles Howarth [#LL6624862] (Colorado UKA leader), Horace King [#LL6254437] (SC, Christian Knights KKK - IE) Tony La Ricci [#LL6542382] (Maryland K-KKK), Charles Lee [#LL5468532] (KWC leader), Van Loman [#LL5452653] (Ohio White Knights), Stanley McCollum [#LL5325423] (K-KKK leader), Ed Novak [#LL5865432] (IK-KKK), Glenn Miller [#LL5648652] (CK-KKK), Stephen Miller [#LL5789253] (WPP cofounder), David Neumann [#LL5125754] (MRK-KKK), Rachel Pendergraft [#LL6015432] (Grand Council), George Pepper [#LL5898756] (California K-KKK leader), Wayne Pierce [#LL5488652] (Invisible Empire Louisiana), Thomas Robb [#LL5548623] (K-KKK), Sam Royer [#LL5321876] (Maryland Invisible Empire), Robert Schloneger [#LL5465865] (founder, Order of the Fiery Cross), Bob Shelton [#LL5135722] (UKA leader), Basil "Red" Sitzes [#LL5005432] (Southern Illinois KKK leader), Shawn Slater [#LL5987623] (Colorado K-KKK leader), Steven Swain [#LL6843253] (Missouri K-KKK), Tom Turner [#LL5978623] (Florida WK-KKK), James Venable [#LL6752185] (NK-KKK leader), Ray Wiley [#LL6138462] (Invisible Empire, Texas). Legitimate Connections: The Ku Klux Klan is funded primarily from membership dues, support from wealthy families and its association with a number of political or corporate sponsors. Additional funding from wealthy members of the various independent cells. [FBI] Resources: Access to modern military weapons, explosives and training. Moderate intelligence and excellent funding. Suspected Criminal Activity: Complete numbers unknown throughout their more than one hundred year existence. Activities include murder, arson, armed robbery, and assaults among their more violent actions. In recent years the Klanwatch Program began a crackdown on the KKK throughout the US, two such examples are given. The Texas Emergency Reserve (military arm of the K-KKK in Texas; established training camps at five rural sites to drill with weapons and practice ambush and demolition tactics; lawsuit by the Southern Poverty Law Center's Klanwatch Program ordered the camps closed in 1982 when they were found to be in violation of a Texas law over 100 years old which bans "military companies" which privately create a military organization having a "command structure, training and discipline so as to function as a combat or combat support unit" other than those authorized by the governor; SPLC claims over 2,500 were trained by the group). The focus on military training with weapons and explosives is suspected in connection with a machine-gunning of a gay bookstore that left two dead; using a North Carolina law, the Southern Poverty Law Center's Klanwatch Project forced the group's leadership to sign a court order prohibiting paramilitary activity; after the group continued to train, the leaders were convicted of criminal contempt, and after appealing all the way to the Supreme Court, were jailed; SPLC claims over 1,000 were trained by the group). Another more graphic instance of the greater terrorist inclinations of younger Klan groups is shown by the role of Frazier Glenn Miller, former neo-Nazi and leader of the Carolina Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, in instigating the 3 November 1979 massacre of five leftist anti-Klan demonstrators in Greensboro, North Carolina. Additional Commentary: The historic Ku Klux Klan was a white supremacist organization founded in 1865 by Confederate veterans of the Civil War. The name has continued to be used by a number of groups who adhere to the twin beliefs of the racial superiority of the white race and the need to safeguard that primacy by protecting its purity against desegregation, integration, and miscegenation. The distinguishing marks of the Klan are the burning cross and the hooded and white-sheeted garments of its members. Its typical tactics were night-time raids in full regalia against blacks and others, in which they would beat, tar and feather, or lynch their victims. For most of its history the Klan and its successor groups acted largely as a repressive group, seeking to counter the power of northerners in the south and to keep blacks socially and politically subordinate. Therefore the federal banning of the Klan in 1871 made little difference since many of the Klansmen's limited aims were achieved through the electoral laws passed by post-Reconstruction southern legislatures that effectively deprived their black citizens of civil rights. The latter-day Klan groups, however, have developed beyond having limited aims of repression to becoming right-wing revolutionary groups willing to undertake more ambitious terrorist activities, including forming alliances with neo-Nazi groups. The original Ku Klux Klan targeted blacks and northern agents of Reconstruction. The revived Knights of the Ku Klux Klan in 1920 expanded its list of enemies in 1920 to include Roman Catholics, Jews, and, later in the 1930s, Communists as well. The Klan dwindled during the Depression and afterward until the Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Topeka Board of Education ordering desegregation of public schools in 1954. Since then there has been a rise in Klan memberships and activities proportionate to the advances in the Civil Rights movement. The revival of the Klan peaked in 1981 when the various Klan organizations together possessed about 11,500 members. The use of civil lawsuits by relatives of Klan victims greatly damaged some of these organizations and reduced their freedom of action. Three major Klan organizations have accounted for most Klan activities in recent years: The United Klans of America (UKA), formerly headquartered in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, was the old guard of the Klan, being the most traditional, the oldest and the least active. While it once boasted the largest membership of the three Klan factions, UKA suffered a great reverse when Mrs. Beulah Donald, the mother of a UKA lynching victim, successfully sued UKA for $7 million in civil damages. The Invisible Empire (IE) was established in 1975 as a breakaway group from the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, which struck many Klansmen as being too overtly neo-Nazi. IE membership was open to white Roman Catholics. This organization suffered loss of membership when the founder of the IE, William Wilkinson, was exposed as an FBI informant. IE had 1,500 to 2,000 members nationwide when it was forced to file for reorganization under federal bankruptcy laws. The Knights of the Ku Klux Klan (K-KKK), named after the revived Klan of 1915, was established in 1975 by former neo-Nazi David Duke. This Klan group is the most recent and made up largely of people born after the Korean War. This organization has also proved itself most adept at using media relations and mass marketing techniques to sell its message and recruit members. Duke handed leadership of the K-KKK to Don Black in 1980. The more revolutionary nature of the younger Klan groups is illustrated by Don Black's conspiracy, thwarted in April 1981, to carry out a coup d'Útat on the Caribbean island of Dominica, which he had planned to turn into a Klan safehaven. Following Black's arrest and conviction, the K-KKK broke into two factions. Nonetheless this group has shown great adaptability, vitality, and ability to recruit new younger members. Besides these three groups there are many splinter groups and independent Klan organizations. In the latest phase of the third revival of the Klan (i.e., since 1954) the newer Klan groups have identified themselves closely with the Identity Christian movement and shown less hesitation in identifying themselves with neo-Nazi groups. These Klans have established paramilitary training camps throughout the country and certain of them have affiliated themselves with the Aryan World [#CR0001695]. Attempts to curtail Klan activities through criminal and civil lawsuits continue with a mixed record of success. Miller and members of his White Patriot Party were arrested in 1986 for conspiracy to murder Morris Dees, the anti-Klan activist lawyer who had encouraged Mrs. Beulah Donald to sue the UKA in 1987. Miller's trial revealed also his acceptance of $200,000 of stolen funds from The Order [#CR0003475] terrorists. An attempt, however, to convict Louis Beam [#LL5462857] and other white supremacists associated with the Aryan World and Klan groups on charges of sedition and violations of civil rights laws ended in acquittal of those defendants by the Federal District Court in Ft. Smith, Arkansas, in April 1988.
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