November 22
1497 Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama rounds the Cape of Good Hope. (Outstanding Link)
1809 Peregrine Williamson of Baltimore, Ohio, patents the first steel pen.
1890 Birth: Charles DeGaulle, WW2 military leader, President of France 1958-1969, author: The Army of the Future.
1893 Birth: Lazar Moiseyevich Kaganovich, in the small village of Kabany, now Novokashirsk, east of Kiev. Soviet Communist leader; Jewish shoemaker and labor organizer; will join the Communist party in 1911. A capable administrator, he will rise quickly through the party ranks after the revolution, and by 1930 he will have become Moscow party secretary-general and a member of the Politburo; commissar for transportation (1935). An influential proponent of forced collectivization, he will play a role in the purges of 1936–38; after the purges will be responsible for heavy industrial policy in the Soviet Union. In 1957, he will join in an unsuccessful attempt to oust Khrushchev and will be stripped of all his posts but allowed to live.
1898 Birth: Wiley Post, pioneer aviator, parachutist, co-author: Around the World in Eight Days.
1899 The Marconi Wireless Company of America is incorporated under laws of the State of New Jersey (Guglielmo Marconi ).
1906 Delegates attending the Berlin Radiotelegraphic Conference in Germany vote to use SOS as the letters for the new international distress signal. The international use of "SOS" is ratified in 1908, though its meaning is not 'Save Our Souls' as many believe.
1914 Volkishness: Hermann Pohl writes to Julius Rüttinger, Master of the Franconian Germanenorden province, who is serving at the front. Pohl tells him that the order is in financial difficulty because half of the brethren are serving in the armed forces. "A great number of the brothers have already been killed in action." (Roots)
1915 WW1: Townshend attacks Ctesiphon.
1924 Weimar: Reports of the Supreme Interallied Military Commission show that Germany has not disarmed in accordance with the terms of the Versailles Treaty.
1925 Weimar: Meeting of the North German Districts of the Nazi party in Hannover, convoked and led by Gregor Strasser (above). Rust, the Gauleiter for Hannover, declares that the North Germans do not want to be ruled by Hitler. A split in the Party is threatened.
1933 Lithuania enacts numerus clausus against all Jewish professionals in academic institutions. The Lithuanian language becomes compulsory in all Jewish schools.
1939 WW2: Nazis execute 53 inhabitants of a Warsaw house.
1942 Stalingrad: Vatutin captures the vital bridge over the Don at Kalach. It is the only intact bridge over the Don and Sixth Army's main communications to the rear. (Messenger)
1943 Holocaust: More than 100 Jewish mental home patients are deported from Berlin to Auschwitz. (Atlas)
1946 Homer L. Loomis tells a meeting of the Columbians that "Everybody in America is free to hate. Hate is natural. It's not un-American to hate. Why does the Jew think that he alone is above criticism and being hated?" (McWilliams)
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1963 Death: President John F. Kennedy. Jacqueline Kennedy rarely accompanies her husband on political outings, but she is beside him, along with Texas Governor John Connally and his wife Nellie for a ten-mile motorcade through Dallas on 22 November 1963. Enthusiastic crowds greet the president, his wife, and the governor, before horror strikes as their vehicle passes near the Texas School Book Depository Building.
Three bullets are allegedly fired by mob connected Lee Harvey Oswald, fatally wounding President Kennedy and injuring Governor Connally. Kennedy is pronounced dead thirty minutes later, at 46. No one is available to man the CBS News studio but a voice informs America that President John F. Kennedy has been gravely wounded during a motorcade through downtown Dallas. Minutes later, the network interrupts again to bring the world the terrible news. This time, Walter Cronkite, wearing partially rolled-up, white shirt sleeves, a loosened tie, no makeup, and black glasses, reads wire copy just handed him: 'Ladies and gentleman, the President of the United States is dead'. Cronkite, disbelieving the words he had just said, turns to look at a studio clock, stoically raises a hand to wipe away tears and continues with the tragic news that President Kennedy has died while undergoing emergency surgery at Parkland Hospital.
1963 Lyndon B. Johnson s inaugurated as the 36th president of the United States. It is the first time that the oath had been administered in an airplane (Air Force One, a Boeing 707, at Love Field in Dallas, Texas) and the first time that the oath has been administered by a woman, Sarah T. Hughes, US District Judge of the Northern District of Texas.
1963 Death: Aldous Huxley, author. Huxley Quote: "An intellectual is a person who has discovered something more interesting than sex."
1975 The monarchy is restored in Spain when Juan Carlos is sworn in as King.
2001 As Americans welcome Thanksgiving Day, US forces continue to bomb Taliban front line positions in Konduz.
2001 Contradictions continue as Alliance and Taliban commanders, meeting in Mazar-e-Sharif, say both the Afghan and the foreign Taliban fighters will lay down their arms.
2001 Amidst the turmoil and confusion, aid agencies in Afghanistan attempt to move in supplies for millions of war weary civilians, as winter draws near.
2001 Fierce fighting rages around the Taliban stronghold of Kunduz despite reports of a surrender. Northern Alliance troops are hit with a sustained volley of Taliban artillery shells. The Alliance responds with a barrage of long-range rockets.
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