Plant material

Genus, species

parts used

% yield

allspice

Pimenta dioica

ground seeds

4.5

angelica

Angelica archangelica

root

0.3 - 1.0

angelica, American

Angelica atropurpurea

all parts

?

angelica

"

seed

0.6 - 1.5

anise

Pimpinella anisum

seed

1.5 - 4.0

arnica

Arnica montana

root

1

arnica

Arnica montana

flowers

1

basil, lemon

Ocimum basilicum

leaves & tops

0.5 - 1

basil, sweet

Ocimum basilicum

leaves & tops

0.5 - 1.5

bay leaf

Laurus nobilis

leaves

3

bennet herb

Geum urbanum

roots

0.5

cajeput oil

Melaleuca lucadendra

leaves & twigs

?

calamus root

Acorus calamus

roots

1.5

camphor tree

Cinnamomum camphora

leaves & twigs

2

cananga

Cananga odorata macrophylla

flowers

2

caraway

Carum carvi

seeds

3.2 - 7.4

cardamom

Elettaria cardamomum

seeds

8

carrot

Daucus carrota

seed

0.1 - 7.1

cascarilla

Croton eluteria

bark

3

cassia bark

Cinnamomum aromaticum

quills

1.5

cassie

Acacia farnesiana

flowers

1.9

catnip

Nepeta cataria

leaves & tops

0.5

cedar wood

Juniperus virginiana

wood chips

4.5

celery seed

Apium graveolens

seed

3

celery leaves

"

leaves

0.1

celery root

"

root

3

chamomile, German

Matricaria chamomilla

flowers

0.3 - 1.0

chamomile, Roman

Anthemis nobilis

flowers

0.3 - 1.0

cinnamon

Cinnamomum zeylanicum

quills

0.1

clary sage

Salvia sclaria

leaves & tops

?

clove

Syzygium aromaticum

flower buds

14 - 21

coffee

Coffea species

roasted "beans"

0.12

corriander

Coriandrum officinalis

seed

1

dill

Anethum graveolens

seed

2.5 - 4.0

dill leaf

Anethum graveolens

young plants

0.3 -1.5

eucalyptus

Eucalyptus species

all parts

1.0 - 7.0

fennel

Foeniculum vulgare

seed

4.0 - 6.0

fleabane (erigeron)

Conyza canadensis

leaves & tops

1

frankencense

Boswellia sacra

resin

?

galangal

Alpinia species

roots

?

garlic

Allium sativum

root bulbs

0.1

geranium

Pelargonium species

leaves

0.3 - 2.0

ginger

Zingiber officinale

rhizome

3

hops

Humulus lupulus

flowers

1

hyssop

Hyssopus officinalis

leaves & tops

1

iris (orris)

Iris germanica

aged dried roots

0.2

juniper leaves

Juniperus species

needle leaves

1 - 2.5

juniper berries

Juniperus communis

fruits

1.5

lavender

Lavendula angustifolia

flower tops

0.5 - 1.0

lemon peel

Citrus limon

fruit rind

2

lemon balm

Melissa officinalis

leaves & tops

0.015

lemongrass

Cymbopogon flexuosus

leaves

1

lemon verbena

Aloysia triphylla

leaves & tops

1.5

lime

Citrus aurantifolia

fruit rind

?

lovage

Levisticum officinale

root

0.5 -1

mace

Myristica fragrans

arils

17 - 25

marjoram, sweet

Origanum majorana

leaves

0.9

mignonette

Reseda odorata

flowers

0.002

monarda

Monarda species

leaves & tops

0.6 - 1.2

mustard, black

Brassica nigra

seeds

1.5

nutmeg

Myristica fragrans

seed

15 - 25

orange peel

Citrus species

fruit rind

1.5 - 2.0

orange flowers

"

blossoms

0.1

oranges, unripe

"

young fruits

3.0 - 5.0

oregano-wild marjoram

Origanum vulgare

leaves & stems

1.2

parsley

Petroselenium crispum

seeds

6

parsley

"

leaves

0.5

patchouli

Pogostemon cablin

leaves

2.0 - 4.0

pennyroyal

Mentha pulegium

leaves

1.5

pepper, cubeb

Piper cubeba

seeds

2

pepper, black

Piper nigrum

seeds

2.5

pepper, white

"

powdered seeds

1.5

peppermint

Mentha x piperita

leaves & tops

1.0 -2.5

perilla

Perilla frutescens

leaves

?

petigrain

Citrus aurantium

young shoots

0.5

pine needles

Pinus species

leaves

0.5 - 3.0

pine sap

"

resin

15 - 35

poplar

Populus species

spring buds

0.5

rose

Rosa species

flowers

0.006

rosemary

Rosmarinus officinalis

leaves

2

sage

Salvia officinalis

leaves

2.5

sandalwood, white

Santalum album

root wood

4.5

sassafras

Sassafras albidum

root bark

4

savory, summer

Satureja hortensis

leaves & stems

0.1

spearmint

Mentha spicata

leaves & tops

2

spicebush

Lindera benzoin

leaves & stems

?

star anise

Illicium verum

seeds & pods

3

styrax

Liquidambar species

gum resin

?

sweet cicely, American

Osmorhiza species

all parts

?

tangerine peel

Citrus nobilis

fruit rind

0.5

tansy

Tanacetum vulgare

leaves & tops

0.7

tarragon

Artemisia dracunculus

leaves & tops

0.08 - 1.5

tea tree

Melaleuca alternifolia

leaves

?

thyme

Thymus vulgaris

leaves & stems

2.5

tumeric

Curcuma longa

root powder

5

valerian

Valeriana officinalis

root

1

vanilla "beans"

Vanilla fragrans

pods

0.5 - 3.0

vervain

Verbena officinalis

leaves & tops

0.2

vetiver

Vetiveria zizanioides

root

0.9

Virginia snakeroot

Aristolochia serpentaria

root

1.2

wild ginger

Asarum canadense

root

?

wintergreen

Gaultheria procumbens

leaves

0.6

wormseed

Chenopodium ambrosioides

leaves & tops

?

wormwood

Artemisia absinthium

leaves & tops

0.5 - 2.0

yarrow

Achillea millefolium

leaves & tops

0.15

ylang ylang

Cananga odorata genuina

flowers

2

zedary

Curcurma zedoaria

roots

1.5