CHAPTER 4: Socialization


Objectives:

1.  What does "socialization" mean and what are its implications as the
    process of "creating a social being"?

2.  What is the nature-nuture debate?

3.  What are the stage theories of personality development proposed by
    Freud and Kohlberg?  What are the interactionist theories of the
    formation of self?  How do these theories differ?

4.  What are the various contexts in which socializations occurs?  What
    are the different agents of socialization and what effects do they have?



Internet Links:

Foundation for Children:
Kaiser Family Foundation:
Foster Parent Home Page:
The Annie E. Casey Foundation:
Gender and Society, Trinity College:
American Psychology Association:
Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas :

Practice Exam Questions:

1.  Socialization that occurs when the child leaves the family for schooling
    and comes under the influence of adults and peers outside the household
    is known as
          a.  primary socialization.
          b.  secondary socialization.
          c.  adult socialization
          d.  resocialization.

2.  In Freud's model of the personality, the functional area that incorporates
    the moral codes of adults is termed the 
          a.  id
          b.  ego.
          c.  superego.
          d.  identity.

3.  The theory that asserts that all behavior is learned is known as
          a.  sociobiology.
          b.  biological determinism.
          c.  behaviorism.
          d.  identity theory.

4.  Cases of feral children, or children who have been abandoned or isolatedd
    in infancy, show that
          a.  isolation in childhood does not affect later socialization.
          b.  socialization is unnecessary for a person to lead a normal life.
          c.  socializaiton is purely biological process.
          d.  none of the above.

5.  Comparisons of children raised in orphanages and other group settings
    with children raised in conventional families demonstrate the crucial role
    which of the following aspects of socialization?
          a.  initial intelligence
          b.  early childhood education
          c.  nurturance and love
          d.  none of the above

6.  The concept of the "looking-glass self" was developed by
          a.  Lawrence Kohlberg.
          b.  Jean Pieaget.
          c.  George Herbert Mead.
          d.  Charles Horton Cooley.

7.  A person who is an important figure in another person's social environment
    is referred to as a (an)
          a.  significant other.
          b.  generalized other.
          c.  agent of socialization.
          d.  peer.

8.  The individual's concpetion of the expectations of society and its demands
    is termed the
          a.  ego 
          b.  superego
          c.  significant other
          d.  generalized other.

9.  Which of the following methods did Piaget use to discover the mental 
    processes unique to children?
          a.  unobtrusive measures
          b.  controlled experiments
          c.  stories involving moral dilemmas
          d.  unstructured conversations.

10.  Perhaps the most influential researcher of moral development was
          a.  Ivan Pavlov.
          b.  B.F. Skinner
          c.  Erik Erikson.
          d.  Lawrence Kohlberg.

11.  The groups of people that influence a person's social development throughout
     his or her lifetime are
          a.  a peer group.
          b.  agents of socialization.
          c.  the generalized other.
          d.  resocializing agents.

12.  Situations in which an individul plays at a role that he or she is likely
     to assume later in life are known as
          a.  adult socialization.
          b.  anticipatory socialization.
          c.  peer socialization.
          d.  primary socialization.

13.  The primary agency of socialization is the 
          a.  family.
          b.  school.
          c.  peer group.
          d.  mass media.

14.  The attitudes and values of adolescents tend to be most strongly influenced
     by their
          a.  teachers
          b.  siblings.
          c.  peers.
          d.  parents.

15.  Erik Erikson's theory of personality development emphasizes the concept of
          a.  conditioning.
          b.  identification.
          c.  delayed gratification.
          d.  symbolic interaction.

Answers:
Take me to other Chapter Reviews:
Home Page:

This page has been visited times.