Japanese Language
　
　　　　　
Structure of Japanese Language
Japanese nominative, genitive, objective etc. are made by adding "ha", "no", "o" or "ni" to ends of the nouns.
English Japanese
I ,　 you,　 book,　 name watashi-wa,　 anata-wa,　 hon-wa,　 namae-wa
my,　 your,　 book's(of the book) watashi-no,　 anata-no,　 hon-no
me,　 you,　 book watashi-o,　 anata-o,　 hon-o
me(to me),　 you(to you),　 to the book watashi-ni,　 anata-ni,　 hon-ni
　I give you a book. Watashi-wa anata-ni hon-o ageru.
I love you. Watashi-wa anata-o aisu.　
I know the name of the book. Watashi-wa sono hon-no namae-o shitteiru.
Verb
English Japanese(normal, polite)
eat taberu, tabe-masu
read yomu, yomi-masu
write kaku, kaki-masu
ate tabe-ta, tabe-mashita
read yon-da, yomi-mashita
wrote
kai-ta, kaki-mashita
Order of words
Verb comes at the end of a sentence. The order of the others is changeable.
English Japanese(polite)
I give you a book. Watashi-wa anata-ni hon-o age-masu.　
Watashi-wa hon-o anata-ni age-masu.　
Anata-ni watashi-wa hon-o age-masu.　
Hon-o watashi-wa anata-ni age-masu.　
Hon-o anata-ni watashi-wa age-masu.
I don't eat lunch. Watashi-wa chushoku-o tabe-masen.　
Chushoku-o watashi-wa tabe-masen.

Japanese Letters & Words
We Japanese imported letters from China in about the 4th Century. These letters are called "Kanji".
We made new letters "Kana" in about the 9th Century. We use both now.
Japanese are similar to Chinese physically, but Japanese language is completely different from Chinese. We just borrow Kanji.
The order of Chinese words is rather similar to English than Japanese.
Japanese is similar to Korean or northern Asian language.

The pronunciation of Kanji is different from that of Chinese people, but meaning of Kanji is almost same.
Each Kanji has two pronunciations(sounds).
One is Chinese-like pronunciation. Of course it's not correct Chinese pronunciation.
The other is Japanese pronunciation.
For example, Kanji of "beautiful" is "bi" by Chinese-like pronunciation. By Japanese it is "utsukushii".
We borrow Kanji and express Japanese by Kanji.

Hiragana has 51 letters.
They are "a","i","u","e","o","ka","ki","ku","ke","ko", "sa","shi","su","se","so" and so on.

Katakana is different type of Hiragana.

About words:
So we have two types of words. Chinese-like words and Japanese words.
For example, sun by Chinese-like is "Tai-yo" and sun by Japanese is "Ohisama" or "Hi".
Human by Chinese-like is "Nin-gen" and human by Japanese is "Hito".