Dental Anomalies

Hemifacial microsomia: affects left side of face resulting in condylar agenesis and midfacial hyoplasia

Mandibular condylar overgrowth: asymmetrical condyle hyperplasia.

More common in maxilla than mandible. More common in permanent dentition than primary.

1-2% of population has form of adontia.

1-2% " " have supernumery teeth

True Andontia

Sex-linked genetic disease, faulty ectodermal development, rare

Partial Andontia

Congenital, 1 or more missing teeth, missing same tooth runs in family

Most common missing- 3^rd molars (max more often than mand)

2^nd most common- Max laterals (1-2% of population missing these)

3^rd most common- Mandib 2^nd premolars (1% of pop missing 1 or both)

Canines LEAST likely to be missing

Supernumerary Teeth

90% occur in maxilla

0.3-3.8% of the pop affected

Most commonly in areas of: max laterals or max 3^rd molar

1)distal to the 3^rd molars (occur in both arches but more common in maxilla). These teeth rarely erupt.

2) 2^nd pre-molar area on mandib arch. They resemble the premolars. Call 20A and 20B.

Mesiodens: tooth erupting between max centrals

Max 3^rd molars have the most variable crown shape. Mandib 3^rd’s are next.

Max laterals most common anomaly is peg lateral (1-2% of pop)

Gemination or Twinning

Double fused teeth

Commonly seen in anterior

Result in split of tooth germ

Single root, common pulp, notched incisally

Less than 1% of pop.

Primary dentition more than permanent

Fusion

Common anterior region, similar to gemination….but more separation

Fusion of tooth germs involves dentin

Separate pulp chambers

Less than 1% of pop

Caused by pressure or force during development of adjacent teeth

Affects mandible more than maxilla

Affects primary more than permanent

Concrescence

Fusion or growing together of two teeth at the root only via cementum

Teeth start off separate then join (unlike fusion)

Occurs after eruption due to close proximity

Occurs more often in max molar region

Hutchinson’s Incisors- screwdriver shaped with notched incisal edges. Cause is syphilis.

Mulberry molars- 1^st molars have occlusal anatomy (shaped like berries) made of multiple tubercles. Poorly developed, indistinguishable cusps. Caused by prenatal syphilis.

Accessory cusps or tubercles

Extra enamel projections due to developmental hyperplasia or crowed pre-eruption conditions.

Enamel pearls:

small nodules of enamel w/ a tiny core of dentin. Found of distal of 3^rd molars and the buccal root furcation of molars. Prevents normal connecive tissue attachment, hence periodontal problems.

Talon cusp- small projections in cingulum area of max and mand anterior teeth. This cusp can posses a cusp.

May need to be removes because it interferes w/ occlusion.

Microdontia- very small teeth. Commonly affects laterals and third molars.

Macrodontia- very large teeth. Commonly seen in incisors and canines. Can occur in 1 to entire dental arch.

Dilaceration

Severe bend or distortion in root or crown. Angles for 45 to 90. Caused by trauma or insufficient space.

Hypercementosis- excessive formation of cementum around root after tooth has erupted. May cause webbing of root. Can cause trauma or periapical inflammation.

Accessory roots or cusps caused by trauma, metabolic, dysfunction or pressure.

Reactions to injury

1)Abrasion- wearing of tooth mechanically.

2)Erosion- non-mechanical, usually due to citric acid.

3)Severe Attrition- wear from normal functions. Grinding

4)Ankylosis- loss of PDL- truly fused to bone.

5)Infection from bone loss.