Experience:
Professor and Chairman (1969-1995), Department of Economics, City College of New York
Research Associate, National Bureau of Economic Research, 1967-1971
Professor Emeritus and Adjunct Professor in the Economics Department, City College of New York, effective September 1, 1995.

Education:
B.A. City College of New York, 1958; Ph.D. (Economics), Columbia University, 1964

Academic and Professional Honors:
Faculty Scholar 1959-1960, 1960-1961 (Columbia); Assistant in Economics, 1960 (Columbia); Economics Research Center Fellow 1960-1961, 1962-1963 (Columbia); Earhart Foundation Fellowship 1961-1962; Ford Foundation Fellowship 1962-1963; Who's Who in America

Areas of Research Interest:
Theory of the Firm, Historical Economics, Economic Justice, Public Choice

Publications:

The State as a Firm: Economic Forces in Political Development, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1979 (with Richard D. Auster)

Affluence, Altruism, and Atrophy: The Decline of Welfare States, New York University Press, 1980

Prophets and Markets: The Political Economy of Ancient Israel, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1983

Enterprise and the Scope of the Firm: The Role of Vertical Integration, Blackwell, 1984.
Innovación y alcance en la empresa: El papel de la integración vertical, Sebastián Coll (prologue and translation),Editorial Ariel, S.A. (Barcelona), 1996.(A translation of a slightly revised version of Enterprise and the Scope of the Firm.)
Chapter 5 "A Model of Vertical Integration and Disintegration." Reprinted in Richard N. Langlois, Tony Fu-Lai Yu and Paul L. Robertson (eds.)(2002). The International Library of Critical Writings in Economics: Alternative Theories of the Firm, Volume III. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing, 3-30.

Economic Structures of the Ancient Near East, Croom Helm, 1985

Foundations of Economic Justice, Blackwell, 1989

Taking Ancient Mythology Economically, Brill (Leiden), 1992

Economic Structures of Antiquity, Greenwood, 1995

Ancient Economy in Mythology, Rowman and Littlefield, 1991

Social Justice in the Ancient World, Greenwood, 1995 (co-editor K.D. Irani)

"Births, Marriages, and Business Cycles in the United States," Journal of Political Economy, June 1965, 237-55

"Births, Marriages, and Income Fluctuations in the United Kingdom and Japan," Economic Development and Cultural Change, April 1966, 302-15

"The Relationship Between Nationalism and Per Capita Gross National Product," Quarterly Journal of Economics, February 1967, 155-57

"Managerial Discretion and Profit Maximizing Behavior: Some Further Comments," Journal of Industrial Economics, April 1967, 157-62

"A Quantitative Study of the Determinants of Fertility Behavior," Demography, Spring 1967, 30-70 (with Stanley Friedlander)

"Employee Tastes for Discrimination, Wages, and Profits," Review of Social Economy, September 1968, 183-85

"Entrepreneurship, Profit, and Limits on Firm Size," Journal of Business of the University of Chicago, July 1969, 277-81 (junior author Richard D. Auster)

"An Economic Analysis of Variations in Medical Expenses and Work Loss Rates," in Herbert Klarman (ed.), Empirical Studies in Health Economics, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1970, 121-40. Reprinted in Victor Fuchs (ed.), Essays in the Economics of Health and Medical Care, National Bureau of Economic Research, 1972, 97-118

"An Econometric Analysis of Spatial Variations in Mortality Rates by Race and Sex," in Victor Fuchs (ed.), Essays in the Economics of Health and Medical Care, National Bureau of Economic Research, 1972, 161-227

"Collective Goods and Collective Decision Mechanisms," Public Choice, Spring 1973, 1-17 (with Richard D. Auster)

"A Demand Analysis of Voting Costs and Voting Participation," Social Science Research, August 1973, 111-24

"Political Revolution and Repression: An Economic Analysis," Public Choice, Spring 1974, 63-71
Reprinted in Alexander J. Groth (ed.), Revolution and Political Change, The International Library of Politics and Comparative Government, Dartmouth, 1996, 207-15
Reprinted in Rosemary H. T. O'Kane (ed.), Revolutions: Critical Concepts in Political Science, II, Routledge, 2000, 14-23.

"Can Increased Spending Improve Our Schools? Dogma vs. Causal Analysis," in Robert Leiter (ed.), Costs and Benefits of Education, Twayne, 1975, 63-71

"Towards a Consumption Theory of Political Democracy," in Robert Leiter (ed.), Economics of Public Choice, Cyrco, 1975, 140-53

"Comparative Statics of the Utility Maximizing Firm," Southern Economic Journal, April 1976, 626-32 (with Richard D. Auster)

"Economic Theory of the Constitutional Separation of Powers," Public Choice, Spring 1977, 95-107

"Human Rights and Detente: The Biggest Tradeoff," in Randolph Braham (ed.), Human Rights, Irvington, 1980, 37-56

"Money and Happiness? Towards 'Eudaimonology'" Kyklos,Fasc 1, 1980/1, 51-3

"Adaptations to Information Impactedness: A Survey," in Malcolm Galatin and Robert Leiter (eds.), Economics of Information, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1981, 104-18.

"Men, Monkeys, and Morals: A Property Rights Theory of Social Justice," in Randolph Braham (ed.), Social Justice, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1981, 121-44

"Controlling Grain Prices and Decontrolling Bubonic Plague," Journal of Social and Biological Structures, 5, 1982, 107-20

"A NonNeoMalthusian Model of English Land Values, Wages, and Grain Yields Before the Black Death," Journal of European Economic History, Winter 1983, 631-50.

"Markets in the Ancient Near East," Journal of Economic History, December 1983, 795-829

"Karl Polanyi and Markets in the Ancient Near East: Reply," Journal of Economic History, March 1985, 135-37

"The Mythical Conflict Between Osiris and Seth and Egypt's Trade with Byblos During the Old Kingdom," in Silver (ed.), Ancient Economy in Mythology, 1991, 193-215

"The Commodity Composition of Trade in the Argonaut Myth," in Silver (ed.), Ancient Economy in Mythology, 1991, 241-81

"Prophets and Markets Revisited," in Irani and Silver (eds.), Social Justice in the Ancient World, 1995, 179-98

"Modern Ancients" In Robert Rollinger and Christoph Ulf (eds.), Commerce and Monetary Systems in the Ancient World: Means of Transmission and Cultural Interaction. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, 2004, 65-87.

"Thoughts on the Roman Consumer City". Münstersche Beiträge zur Antiken Handelsgeschichte, 25/1, 2006, 124-29.

"Slaves versus Free Hired Workers in Ancient Greece," Historia, 55, 2006, 257-63.

"'Coinage Before Coins?': A Further Response to Raz Kletter," Levant, 38, 2006, 187-189.

"Skilled Slaves, Tenants and Market Information in the Transformation of Agricultural Organization in Late Republican Rome," Münstersche Beiträge zur Antiken Handelsgeschichte, 25/1, 2006, 29-48.

"Mass Production in Mesopotamia," Antiguo Oriente, 4, 2006, 87-93.

"Public, Palace and Profit in the Ancient Near East." Akkadica, 38, 2006, 127, 5-12.

"Those Exotic Roman Elites: Behavior vs. Preferences." Historia, 56, 2007, 347-55.

"Roman Economic Growth and Living Standards: Perceptions vs. Evidence." Ancient Society, 37, 2007, 191-252.

"Redistribution and Markets in the Economy of Ancient Mesopotamia: Updating Polanyi." Antiguo Oriente, 5, 2007, 89-112.

"Temple/Sacred Prostitution in Ancient Mesopotamia Revisited: Religion in the Economy." Ugarit Forschungen, 38, 2006 (published 2008), 631-64.

"The Role of International Trade in the Transformation of Attica's Agricultural Organization: From Solon to Socrates." In Apostolos L. Pierris (ed.), Mind, Might, Money: The Secular Triad in Golden Age Athens. Proceedings of the Symposium Laureoticum, Sounion, July 16-24, 2006. Institute for Philophical Research, Conference Series, Vol. 8, forthcoming.

"Shifting Coloni and Shipless Mercatores at Antioch: Revisiting Two Themes in Late Roman Taxation." Marberger Beiträge zur Antiken Handelsgeschichte, 1 (old 27), 2008, forthcoming.

"Grain Funds in the Roman Near East: Market Failure or Murder of the Market." Ancient History Bulletin, forthcoming.

"The Rise, Demise, and (Partial) Rehabilitation of the Peasant in Hopkins' Model of Roman Trade and Taxes," Classics Ireland, forthcoming.