Uji daya hambat campuran amoksisilin-kloramfenikol terhadap Staphylo-coccus aureus dan Escherichia coli telah dilakukan dengan metode difusi. Campuran obay dibuat dengan cara penggerusan (fisik) dan penguapan-pengeringan larutan campuran obat (dispersi) dengan berbanding molekular tertentu, serta kedua macam campuran tersebut dibentuk sediaan dispersi padat dalam campuran polietilen glikol 4000-tween 80 (1:1). Campuran fisik dan dispersi ditentukan spektrogram infra merahnya sebelum uji daya hambat dilakukan.

Daya spektrogram infra merah menunjukkan bahwa pada campuran dispersi terjadi ikatan hidrogen yang merupakan komponen penyusunan interaksi kompleks organik molekuler. Selanjutnya data daya hambat menunjukkan peningkatan efektivitas campuran antibiotika dibandingkan pemakaian amoksisilin terhadap bakteri uji.

Penelitian in-vivo dan uji terhadap mikroorganisme lain dengan metode dilusi perlu dilakukan.

Kata kunci: disperdi pada, kloramfenikol, amoksisilin

Study of the inhibition effects of amoxyciline-chloramfecole on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli using the diffusion methods had been carried out. The mixture was prepared by triturated (physical mixture) and evaporated the solution followed by drying process (dispersion mixture), then, those were mixed up to the solid dispersion in polyethylene glycol 4000-tween 80 (1:1). The mixtures were assayed their infra red spectrogram prior to the study of the inhibition effects.

Infra red spectra showed the hydrogen bonding in the dispersion mixture that was one of the parameters of the organic molecular complex. Data of the inhibition effects stated that the effectiveness of the mixtures increased in comparison with amoxyciline alone.

In-vivo study and the affects of the mixtures on the others micro organisms using dilution methods are necessary to be proceeded.

Key-words: solid dispersion, chloramphenicol, amoxycillin

Pupuk urea granul sangat mudah larut dalam air sehingga kemungkinan hilang terbawa air atau terdegradasi oleh oksigen maupun cahaya matahari sangat besar. Disamping itu penggunaan pupuk ini dalam bentuk tablet kadang menimbulkan masalah karena merubah pola pemakaian dari menaburkan menjadi menanam.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperlambat proses pelepasan urea granul sehingga degradasinya juga dapat diperlambat. Urea granul yang mempunyai ukuran partikel sejenis disalut dengan bahan hidrokoloid (larutan karboksimetil selulosa dan larutan gom arab) serta bahan yang bersifat lipofil (vaselin kuning dan parafin padat) masing-masing sebanyak 2,5%, 5% dan 7,5%. Kemudian kepada pupuk urea granul baik yang tanpa disalut maupun yang disalut, dilakukan uji pelepasan dengan disolution tester menggunakan medium air sebanyak 500 ml dalam labu Poole. Tiap periode waktu 1, 2, 5, 10, 15 menit dilakukan pengambilan contoh sebanyak 1 ml. Contoh kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan pereaksi Berthelot.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyalutan dengan bahan hidrokoloid sedikit memperlambat pelepasan urea, sedangkan penyalutan dengan bahan lipofil sangat memperlambat pelepasan urea tersebut. Makin tinggi kadar penyalut juga memperlambat pelepasan urea.

Kata kunci: urea, lepas lambat

Urea granule as fertilizer is very soluble in water. Consequently, the possibility of urea solution to degrade in the present of oxygen and sunlight is also very high. Although the use of urea in a tablet form is better it isn’t practical enough because it changes the behavior of using urea from spreading to immersing.

The aim of the study is to make the solubility of urea lower, so that its degradation is diminished. The urea granule of 12/14 mesh diameter was coated by using different concentrations (2,5, 5,0 and 7,5%) of hydrocolloid coating materials such as carboxymethylcellulose and arabic gom as well as lipophylic coating materials such as liquid paraffin, yellow vaselin and solid paraffin.

The dissolution tests were done to the urea fertilizer with or without coating by using dissolution tester with Poole flask as the apparatus and 500 ml of water at room temperature as the dissolution medium. One ml of samples were taken after 1, 2, 5, 10 and 15 minutes period of time and then quantitatively analyzed by using Berthelot reagent.

The results showed that hydrocolloid materials lowered the dissolution of urea, whereas lipophylic materials highly lowered it. The higher the concentration of coating materials the higher the diminution of the dissolution of urea.

Keywords: urea, sustained release

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang pengaruh metode pembuatan terhadap sifat fisis tablet kurkumin dan analognya. Tablet kurkumin dibuat dengan metode cetak langsung dan granulasi basah. Tablet yang diperoleh ditentukan sifat fisisnya yaitu kekerasan, waktu hancur, kerapuhan, keseragaman bobot dan keseragaman kadar.

Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa semua tablet kurkumin memenuhi persyaratan Farmakope Indonesia maupun Kompendia resmi lainnya. Ada perbedaan bermakna (P<0,05) pada kekerasan, waktu hancur dan keseragaman kadar antara tablet kurkumin cetak langsung dan tablet yang dibuat dengan granulasi.

Kata kunci : Kurkumin, granulasi, cetak langsung, sifat fisis tablet.

The effect of fabricationn on physical properties of curcumin tablets have been investigated. The curcumin tablet were prepared by direct compression and granulation methods. The tablets obtained were determined their physical properties including the hardness, disintegration time, firability, weight and content uniformity.

The result showed that all of physical properties of curcumin tablets fulfill the official requirements. There are differences on the hardness, disintegration time and content uniformity between curcumin tablets were prepared by direct compression and granulation method significantly (P<0,05).

Key words : curcumin, granulation, direct compression, physical properties of tablet.