notes of JPFERRARA http://members.tripod.com/~uncljoedoc/index.html porphyrias photosensitivity diarrhea abdominal pain neurologic disturbances atypical cardiac pain syndrome mitral valve prolapse dissection of great vessels pulmonary embolism atypical cardiac pain syndrome sharp stabbing pleuritic variable intensity location variable risk factors for ascvd lipid status family history history of smoking history of hypertension diabetes prior history dyspnea perception of increased work of breathing may be associated with cardiac event dizziness arrhythmia syncope postural hypertension vasovagal stokes adams seizure fever cardiac presentation rheumatic fever endocarditis hepatojugular reflex abnormality superior vena cava obstruction constrictive pericarditis chf Kussmaul's sign Kussmaul's sign jugular venous column rises on inspiration pleural friction rub pulmonary infarction pneumonia with pleurisy clicks congenital aortic and pulmonic valve stenosis mitral or tricuspid valve prolapse mitral stenosis opening snap systolic murmurs ejection murmurs holosystolic murmurs ejection murmurs turbulent forward flow holosystolic murmurs regurgitant or aberrant flow into chambers of lower resistance or pressure. chest xray heart size heart shape lungs lung vasculature heart shape -left side first segment aortic arch second segment pulmonary a. third segment l. atrium fourth segment ventricles heart shape-right side first segment superior vena cava (aorta in older patient) second segment right atrium