JOURNAL OF PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT
Online Textbook of Athletic Performance Enhancement
There is a multitude of good information available on the internet. You can find information on just about anything if you search hard enough. The problem is that the information is scattered around, a little here and a little there. Also, it is often hard to separate good information from propaganda. What we have done is to produce a launching pad for a large volume of information on athletic performance enhancement. It includes information on muscle physiology, cardiorespiratory physiology, endurance training, running, nutritional supplements, strength training, nutrition, body composition, swimming, cycling and a miscellaneous section that contains discussions on various sports science topics. We hope that it will be a useful starting point in your search for information. We are grateful to all of the hard working physiologists, physicians, athletes, coaches, therapists, trainers and teachers who have made such a wide variety of information available to us on the internet. We hope that this will be an example of what is best about the internet.
Chapter 1 Basic Exercise Physiology |
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Muscle Physiology |
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Article | Source |
Introduction to Muscle Physiology | UCSD Neuromuscular Physiology Site |
Skeletal Muscle Macroscopic Architecture | UCSD Neuromuscular Physiology Site |
Skeletal Muscle Microscopic Architecture | UCSD Neuromuscular Physiology Site |
Myofibrils | UCSD Neuromuscular Physiology Site |
Excitation Contraction Coupling | UCSD Neuromuscular Physiology Site |
Physiologic Cross Sectional Area | UCSD Neuromuscular Physiology Site |
Muscle Joint Interactions | UCSD Neuromuscular Physiology Site |
Joint Moment Arm | UCSD Neuromuscular Physiology Site |
Crossbridge Cycle and Force Production | UCSD Neuromuscular Physiology Site |
Fiber Types | UCSD Neuromuscular Physiology Site |
Eccentric Contractions | UCSD Neuromuscular Physiology Site |
Hypertrophy | UCSD Neuromuscular Physiology Site |
Muscle Structure and Function | iafrica.com Health and Fitness |
Fiber Types | Stephen Seiler's Exercise Physiology Site |
Muscle Hypertrophy Vs Hyperplasia | Stephen Seiler's Exercise Physiology Site |
Aging Skeletal Muscle | Stephen Seiler's Exercise Physiology Site |
Training Skeletal Muscle | Stephen Seiler's Exercise Physiology Site |
Muscle Contraction | NISMAT Exercise Physiology Corner |
Innervation. | UMDS Physiology Homepage |
Muscle Spindle Basics. | UMDS Physiology Homepage |
Muscle Spindle Structure. | UMDS Physiology Homepage |
Dynamic Bag 1 Fiber Response. | UMDS Physiology Homepage |
Static Bag 2 Fiber Response. | UMDS Physiology Homepage |
Functional Aspects of Muscle Spindles. | UMDS Physiology Homepage |
Stretch Reflexes. | UMDS Physiology Homepage |
Motor Control Pathways to Alpha and Gamma | UMDS Physiology Homepage |
Motoneurones. | UMDS Physiology Homepage |
The Role of Muscle Spindles in Posture and Movement. | UMDS Physiology Homepage |
Nuclear Chain Fiber Response. | UMDS Physiology Homepage |
Self Test Muscle Spindle MCQ's | UMDS Physiology Homepage |
Muscle Anatomy | America's Health Network |
Exercises and Anatomy | PHYS Fitness Encyclopedia |
Master Muscle List | Loyola U Medical Education Network |
Electromyography | Boston U Neuromuscular Research Center |
Muscle Soreness | The Physician and Sportsmedicine |
Force Velocity Relationship in Muscle Contraction | Sportscience Journal Encyclopedia Drafts |
Muscle Hyperplasia | Sportscience Journal Encyclopedia Drafts |
Muscle Hypertrophy | Sportscience Journal Encyclopedia Drafts |
Muscle Micro Injury | Sportscience Journal Encyclopedia Drafts |
Training and Muscle Metabolism | iafrica.com Health and Fitness |
Muscle Contraction | ? |
Muscle Fiber Types | Sports Coach |
Muscle Contraction Cycle | Stanford University |
Muscle Soreness | Curtin School of Physiotherapy |
Muscle Endurance | Curtin School of Physiotherapy |
Structural Determinants of Muscle Strength | Curtin School of Physiotherapy |
Fiber Type Distribution | Curtin School of Physiotherapy |
Muscle Structure and Function | Curtin School of Physiotherapy |
Cardiorespiratory Physiology |
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Ventilation and Endurance | Stephen Seiler's Exercise Physiology |
The Heart | Stephen Seiler's Exercise Physiology |
Training the Heart | Stephen Seiler's Exercise Physiology |
Aging Heart | Stephen Seiler's Exercise Physiology |
Heart Rate | Stephen Seiler's Exercise Physiology |
VO2 Max | Stephen Seiler's Exercise Physiology |
Lactate Threshold | Stephen Seiler's Exercise Physiology |
Exercise Efficiency | Stephen Seiler's Exercise Physiology |
VO2 Max | NISMAT Exercise Physiology Corner |
Heart Monitor Training | Cardiosport |
Maximal Oxygen Consumption | Sportscience Journal Encyclopedia Drafts |
Exercise and Stroke Volume | Sportscience Journal Encyclopedia Drafts |
Anaerobic Threshold | Sportscience Journal Encyclopedia Drafts |
Physical Activity and CV Health | NIH |
The Oxygen Story | iafraca.com Health and Fitness |
Limitations to VO2 Max | Curtin School of Physiotherapy |
Predictors of Cardiorespiratory Capability | Curtin School of Physiotherapy |
Upper vs Lower Body Exercise | Curtin School of Physiotherapy |
Detecting the Anaerobic Threshold | Curtin School of Physiotherapy |
Lactate Production and Removal | Curtin School of Physiotherapy |
Chapter 2 Endurance Training |
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Principles of Training | Stephen Seiler's Exercise Physiology Site |
Strength Training and Endurance Performance | Stephen Seiler's Exercise Physiology Site |
Understanding Interval Training | Stephen Seiler's Exercise Physiology Site |
Gender Differences in Endurance Performance | Stephen Seiler's Exercise Physiology Site |
Efficiency and Endurance | Stephen Seiler's Exercise Physiology Site |
Time Course of Training Adaptations | Stephen Seiler's Exercise Physiology Site |
Specificity of Training | Coaching Science Abstracts SDSU |
Altitude Training | Coaching Science Abstracts SDSU |
Principles of Training | Coaching Science Abstracts SDSU |
Heart Rate Monitors | SportsMed Web |
Anaerobic Threshold | SportsMed Web |
Maximizing Lung Function | SportsMed Web |
Altitude Training | Sportscience.org |
Tapering for Endurance Athletes | Sportscience.org |
Heart Rate Training Zones | Sports Coach |
Anaerobic Threshold Testing | Sports Coach |
Conconi Test | Sports Coach |
Cooper Test | Sports Coach |
Balke Test | Sports Coach |
Lactate Threshold and Aerobic Training | Curtin School of Physiotherapy |
Taper for Competition | Curtin School of Physiotherapy |
Chapter 3 Running |
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Running: Avoiding Injuries | Dr Stephen Pribut's page |
Hot Weather Running | Dr Stephen Pribut's page |
Cold Weather Running | Dr Stephen Pribut's page |
Overtraining | Dr Stephen Pribut's page |
Stretching | Dr Stephen Pribut's page |
Sports Physiology | Dr Stephen Pribut's page |
Leather As An Orthotic Material | Dr Stephen Pribut's page |
Sport Shoes | Dr Stephen Pribut's page |
Basic Biomechanics | Dr Stephen Pribut's page |
Neuroma Pain | Dr Stephen Pribut's page |
Shin Splints | Dr Stephen Pribut's page |
Plantar Fasciitis | Dr Stephen Pribut's page |
Ankle Sprains | Dr Stephen Pribut's page |
Knee Problems | Dr Stephen Pribut's page |
Iliotibial Band Syndrome | Dr Stephen Pribut's page |
Achilles Tendinitis | Dr Stephen Pribut's page |
Common Running Injuries | Dr Stephen Pribut's page |
Running a Sub 4 Minute Mile | Peak Performance |
Overspeed Running | Peak Performance |
Threshold Training | Runner's World |
Heart Rate Training | Runner's World |
Sprint Training | Sportscience Journal Encyclopedia Drafts |
Distance Runners Overtraining | Sportscience Journal Encyclopedia Drafts |
Running Shoes and Sports Injuries | Sportscience Journal Encyclopedia Drafts |
Fartlek Training | Sports Coach |
Running Technique-Middle Distance | Sports Coach |
Running Technique-Sprinters | Sports Coach |
Running Economy | Sports Coach |
Hill Running | American Running Association |
Chapter 4 Nutritional Supplements |
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Pyruvate | Richard Chiang's Athletic Supplement Page |
Creatine | Richard Chiang's Athletic Supplement Page |
HMB | Richard Chiang's Athletic Supplement Page |
Vanadyl Sulfate | Richard Chiang's Athletic Supplement Page |
DHEA | Richard Chiang's Athletic Supplement Page |
HMB | The Semper Fit Guide to Nutritional Supplements |
Creatine | Semper Fit Guide to Nutritional Supplements |
Chromium | Semper Fit Guide to Nutritional Supplements |
Protein | Semper Fit Guide to Nutritional Supplements |
DHEA | Semper Fit Guide to Nutritional Supplements |
Androstenedione | Semper Fit Guide to Nutritional Supplements |
Essential Fatty Acids | Semper Fit Guide to Nutritional Supplements |
Vanadyl Sulfate | Semper Fit Guide to Nutritional Supplements |
Ephedrine | Semper Fit Guide to Nutritional Supplements |
Creatine | Journal of Exercise Physiology |
Sodium Bicarbonate | Sportscience Journal Encyclopedia Drafts |
Caffeine | The Physician and Sportsmedicine |
Supplements | USOC Nutrition |
Glycerol | EndurePlus web site |
Caffeine | EndurePlus web site |
Melatonin | EndurePlus web site |
Hormone Supplements | EndurePlus web site |
Glutamine 1 | EndurePlus web site |
Glutamine 2 | EndurePlus web site |
DHEA | EndurePlus web site |
Choline | EndurePlus web site |
Fructose | EndurePlus web site |
Capsaisin | EndurePlus web site |
BCAA | EndurePlus web site |
Ephedrine | EndurePlus web site |
Fish Oil | Diabetes Care |
Protein and Amino Acid Supplements | Sportscience.org |
Glutamine | Sports Nutrition Connection |
Ephedrine | Sports Nutrition Connection |
Meal Replacement Powders | Sports Nutrition Connection |
Medium Chain Triglycerides | Sports Nutrition Connection |
Sports Drinks | Dietsite.com |
Caffeine and Performance | Dietsite.com |
Chapter 5 Strength Training |
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From Coaching Science Abstracts SDSU: | |
Isometric Training | Sportscience Journal Encyclopedia Drafts |
Strength Training Neural Adaptation | Sportscience Journal Encyclopedia Drafts |
Pre-Contest Dieting | FitnesLink |
Circuit Weight Training | GSU Dept of Kinesiology |
Strength Training Exercises and Anatomy | PHYS Fitness Encyclopedia |
Weight Training Injuries | The Physician and Sportsmedicine |
Strength Training for Adult Fitness | The Physician and Sportsmedicine |
Hyperplasia | Muscle Maker Journal |
Soreness | Ripped-Clarence Bass |
Plyometrics | Sports Coach |
Plyometrics | Complete Conditioning |
Youth Strength Training | Complete Conditioning |
Neural Adaptions to Strength Training | Curtin School of Physiotherapy |
Structural Determinants of Muscle Strength | Curtin School of Physiotherapy |
Strength, Power and Endurance Training | Curtin School of Physiotherapy |
Fatigue and Adaption to Strength Training | Curtin School of Physiotherapy |
Muscle Tests |
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Muscular Power |
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Vertical Jump Test Standing Long (Broad) Jump Test |
Rob Wood's Home of Fitness Testing |
Strength | |
1-RM Tests Isokinetic Strength Tests Handgrip Strength Test Abdominal Strength Test |
Rob Wood's Home of Fitness Testing |
Muscular Endurance | |
Abdominal Endurance Tests Pull-Up Test Push-Up Test |
Rob Wood's Home of Fitness Testing |
Chapter 6 Nutrition |
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USOC | |
Protein Intake | Sportscience Journal Encyclopedia Drafts |
Protein | PHYS Encyclopedia |
Amino Acids | PHYS Encyclopedia |
Carbohydrates | PHYS Encyclopedia |
Carbs and Glycemic Index | APFA |
Fat | PHYS Encyclopedia |
Facts About Fat | IFIC Review |
Water Intake | GSU Dept of Kinesiology |
Nutrition for Musclebuilders | The Physician and Sportsmedicine |
Protein | The Physician and Sportsmedicine |
Fiber Fundamentals | The Physician and Sportsmedicine |
Eating for Peak Performance | The Physician and Sportsmedicine |
Diet Tips For Runners | NISMAT Runner's Resource Guide |
Carbohydrates | NISMAT Sports Nutrition Corner |
Fluids | NISMAT Sports Nutrition Corner |
Protein | Mesomorphosis.com |
Glycogen Resynthesis | Mesomorphosis.com |
Physiology of Nutrition | Cycling Performance Tips |
Fats | Cycling Performance Tips |
Carbohydrates | Cycling Performance Tips |
Glycemic Index | Cycling Performance Tips |
Protein | Cycling Performance Tips |
Fluids | Cycling Performance Tips |
Electrolytes | Cycling Performance Tips |
Hyponatremia | Cycling Performance Tips |
How Much Water Do You Need? | Army Physical Fitness Research Institute |
The Stamina Nutrition Connection | Army Physical Fitness Research Institute |
Nutrition for Gaining Muscle Mass | Sports Nutrition Connection |
Nutrition for the Strength Athlete | Sports Nutrition Connection |
Nutrition for the Endurance Athlete | Sports Nutrition Connection |
Glycogen Replenishment | US Sports Academy |
Dietary Goals For Improved Performance | Dietsite.com |
Diet to Improve Performance | Dietsite.com |
Nutrients For Athletes | Dietsite.com |
Sports Drinks | Dietsite.com |
Consumer's Guide to Fat | FDA |
Chapter 7 Miscellaneous |
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The Physician and Sportsmedicine | |
Fat Burning During Exercise | The Physician and Sportsmedicine |
Estimation of Body Composition | Sportscience Journal Encyclopedia Drafts |
Electrical Muscle Stimulation | Sportscience Journal Encyclopedia Drafts |
Fat Metabolism | Sportscience Journal Encyclopedia Drafts |
Overtraining | Sportscience Journal Encyclopedia Drafts |
Temperature Regulation and Environment | Sportscience Journal Encyclopedia Drafts |
Weight Reduction | Sportscience Journal Encyclopedia Drafts |
Dehydration and Heat Injury | SportsMed Web |
Hyponatremia | SportsMed Web |
Hponatremia 2 | SportsMed Web |
Sports Psychology | USOC |
Helping Athletes Cope With Jet Lag | USOC |
Heat Acclimatization | USOC |
Why Warm Up | USOC |
Flexibility | USOC |
RICE | USOC |
Basic Stretches | USOC |
Training the Olympic Athlete | Scientific American |
Metabolism | Ripped - Clarence Bass |
Cellular Energy Metabolism | Cycling Performance Tips |
Measuring Blood Pressure | Rob Wood's Home of Fitness Testing |
Measuring Lung Function | Rob Wood's Home of Fitness Testing |
Heat Acclimatization | Sportsci.org |
Physiologic and Long Term Adaptions to Exercise | Physical Activity and Health: A report of the Surgeon General |
Effects of Physical Activity on Health and Disease | Physical Activity and Health: A report of the Surgeon General |
Aging and Physical Performance | Cycling Performance Tips |
Lactic Acid | Sports Coach |
Wingate Test | Sports Coach |
The Seven Laws of Training | Complete Conditioning |
Lipid Metabolism During Exercise | NIH Workshop Summary |
Fat Metabolism | Rensselear Chemical Engineering |
Lipid Metabolism During Exercise | Samuel Klien, MD |
Blood Pressure During Exercise | Curtin School of Physiotherapy |
Exercising in the Heat | Curtin School of Physiotherapy |
Exercising at Altitude | Curtin School of Physiotherapy |
Chapter 8 Measuring Body Composition |
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Skinfold Measurements | GSU Dept of Kinesiology |
Underwater Weighing | GSU Dept of Kinesiology |
Bioelectrical Impedence | GSU Dept of Kinesiology |
Bod Pod (Air Displacement) | GSU Dept of Kinesiology |
Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) | GSU Dept of Kinesiology |
Near Infrared Interactance (NIR) Futrex 5000 | GSU Dept of Kinesiology |
Skinfold
measurement Body Mass Index (BMI) Waist to Hip Ratio Hydrostatic Weighing Bioelectric Impedance Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) |
Rob Wood's Home of Fitness Testing |
Chapter 9 Swimming |
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Swimming Physiology, Injuries and Training | Sportscience Journal Encyclopedia Drafts |
Skill Elements For Faster Racing Times | SDSU Swimming Science
Journal |
Tapering Considerations For Big Meets | SDSU Swimming Science Journal |
NSW Nutrition Guidelines: Preperation and Recovery From Competition | SDSU Swimming Science Journal |
Elite Swimmers and Altitude Training | SDSU Swimming Science Journal |
The Structure of Training Schedules According to Scientific Principles | SDSU Swimming Science Journal |
Chapter 10 Cycling |
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Cycling Physiology and Training | Sportscience Journal Encyclopedia Drafts |
Three approaches to training | Cycling Performance Tips |
Aging and physical performance | Cycling Performance Tips |
Training at altitude | Cycling Performance Tips |
The post ride recovery period | Cycling Performance Tips |
Muscle pain, soreness and cramps | Cycling Performance Tips |
Overtraining | Cycling Performance Tips |
Crank Length | Cycling Performance Tips |
Tires | Cycling Performance Tips |
Intervals | Cycling Performance Tips |
Offseason training/cross training | Cycling Performance Tips |
Stationary cycling | Cycling Performance Tips |
Weight/strength training | Cycling Performance Tips |
Cycling Injuries | iafrica.com Health and Fitness |
Overtraining | Roadcycling.com |
Training Basics | Roadcycling.com |
Intervals For Cycling | The Triathlon Pages |
Chapter 11 Injuries |
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Burner Syndrome | NISMAT Physical Therapy Corner |
Neck Pain | NISMAT Physical Therapy Corner |
Protecting Your Back | NISMAT Physical Therapy Corner |
Spondylolisthesis and Spondylolysis in Gymnasts | NISMAT Physical Therapy Corner |
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: More than just a pain in the neck | NISMAT Physical Therapy Corner |
Keeping Your Tennis Shoulder Tuned | NISMAT Physical Therapy Corner |
Tennis Elbow: Lateral and Medial Epicondylitis | NISMAT Physical Therapy Corner |
Eccentric Training for Treatment of Achilles Tendinosis | NISMAT Physical Therapy Corner |
Hamstring Pull (Strain) | NISMAT Physical Therapy Corner |
Iliotibial Band Friction Syndrome Treatment | NISMAT Physical Therapy Corner |
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome | NISMAT Physical Therapy Corner |
Plantar Fasciitis | NISMAT Physical Therapy Corner |
Shin Splints | NISMAT Physical Therapy Corner |
RICE | NISMAT Athletic Trainers Corner |