JOURNAL OF PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT
Online Textbook of Athletic Performance Enhancement
There is a multitude of good information available on the internet. You can find information on just about anything if you search hard enough. The problem is that the information is scattered around, a little here and a little there. Also, it is often hard to separate good information from propaganda. What we have done is to produce a launching pad for a large volume of information on athletic performance enhancement. It includes information on muscle physiology, cardiorespiratory physiology, endurance training, running, nutritional supplements, strength training, nutrition, body composition, swimming, cycling and a miscellaneous section that contains discussions on various sports science topics. We hope that it will be a useful starting point in your search for information. We are grateful to all of the hard working physiologists, physicians, athletes, coaches, therapists, trainers and teachers who have made such a wide variety of information available to us on the internet. We hope that this will be an example of what is best about the internet.
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Chapter 1 Basic Exercise Physiology |
|
Muscle Physiology |
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| Article | Source |
| Introduction to Muscle Physiology | UCSD Neuromuscular Physiology Site |
| Skeletal Muscle Macroscopic Architecture | UCSD Neuromuscular Physiology Site |
| Skeletal Muscle Microscopic Architecture | UCSD Neuromuscular Physiology Site |
| Myofibrils | UCSD Neuromuscular Physiology Site |
| Excitation Contraction Coupling | UCSD Neuromuscular Physiology Site |
| Physiologic Cross Sectional Area | UCSD Neuromuscular Physiology Site |
| Muscle Joint Interactions | UCSD Neuromuscular Physiology Site |
| Joint Moment Arm | UCSD Neuromuscular Physiology Site |
| Crossbridge Cycle and Force Production | UCSD Neuromuscular Physiology Site |
| Fiber Types | UCSD Neuromuscular Physiology Site |
| Eccentric Contractions | UCSD Neuromuscular Physiology Site |
| Hypertrophy | UCSD Neuromuscular Physiology Site |
| Muscle Structure and Function | iafrica.com Health and Fitness |
| Fiber Types | Stephen Seiler's Exercise Physiology Site |
| Muscle Hypertrophy Vs Hyperplasia | Stephen Seiler's Exercise Physiology Site |
| Aging Skeletal Muscle | Stephen Seiler's Exercise Physiology Site |
| Training Skeletal Muscle | Stephen Seiler's Exercise Physiology Site |
| Muscle Contraction | NISMAT Exercise Physiology Corner |
| Innervation. | UMDS Physiology Homepage |
| Muscle Spindle Basics. | UMDS Physiology Homepage |
| Muscle Spindle Structure. | UMDS Physiology Homepage |
| Dynamic Bag 1 Fiber Response. | UMDS Physiology Homepage |
| Static Bag 2 Fiber Response. | UMDS Physiology Homepage |
| Functional Aspects of Muscle Spindles. | UMDS Physiology Homepage |
| Stretch Reflexes. | UMDS Physiology Homepage |
| Motor Control Pathways to Alpha and Gamma | UMDS Physiology Homepage |
| Motoneurones. | UMDS Physiology Homepage |
| The Role of Muscle Spindles in Posture and Movement. | UMDS Physiology Homepage |
| Nuclear Chain Fiber Response. | UMDS Physiology Homepage |
| Self Test Muscle Spindle MCQ's | UMDS Physiology Homepage |
| Muscle Anatomy | America's Health Network |
| Exercises and Anatomy | PHYS Fitness Encyclopedia |
| Master Muscle List | Loyola U Medical Education Network |
| Electromyography | Boston U Neuromuscular Research Center |
| Muscle Soreness | The Physician and Sportsmedicine |
| Force Velocity Relationship in Muscle Contraction | Sportscience Journal Encyclopedia Drafts |
| Muscle Hyperplasia | Sportscience Journal Encyclopedia Drafts |
| Muscle Hypertrophy | Sportscience Journal Encyclopedia Drafts |
| Muscle Micro Injury | Sportscience Journal Encyclopedia Drafts |
| Training and Muscle Metabolism | iafrica.com Health and Fitness |
| Muscle Contraction | ? |
| Muscle Fiber Types | Sports Coach |
| Muscle Contraction Cycle | Stanford University |
| Muscle Soreness | Curtin School of Physiotherapy |
| Muscle Endurance | Curtin School of Physiotherapy |
| Structural Determinants of Muscle Strength | Curtin School of Physiotherapy |
| Fiber Type Distribution | Curtin School of Physiotherapy |
| Muscle Structure and Function | Curtin School of Physiotherapy |
Cardiorespiratory Physiology |
|
| Ventilation and Endurance | Stephen Seiler's Exercise Physiology |
| The Heart | Stephen Seiler's Exercise Physiology |
| Training the Heart | Stephen Seiler's Exercise Physiology |
| Aging Heart | Stephen Seiler's Exercise Physiology |
| Heart Rate | Stephen Seiler's Exercise Physiology |
| VO2 Max | Stephen Seiler's Exercise Physiology |
| Lactate Threshold | Stephen Seiler's Exercise Physiology |
| Exercise Efficiency | Stephen Seiler's Exercise Physiology |
| VO2 Max | NISMAT Exercise Physiology Corner |
| Heart Monitor Training | Cardiosport |
| Maximal Oxygen Consumption | Sportscience Journal Encyclopedia Drafts |
| Exercise and Stroke Volume | Sportscience Journal Encyclopedia Drafts |
| Anaerobic Threshold | Sportscience Journal Encyclopedia Drafts |
| Physical Activity and CV Health | NIH |
| The Oxygen Story | iafraca.com Health and Fitness |
| Limitations to VO2 Max | Curtin School of Physiotherapy |
| Predictors of Cardiorespiratory Capability | Curtin School of Physiotherapy |
| Upper vs Lower Body Exercise | Curtin School of Physiotherapy |
| Detecting the Anaerobic Threshold | Curtin School of Physiotherapy |
| Lactate Production and Removal | Curtin School of Physiotherapy |
Chapter 2 Endurance Training |
|
| Principles of Training | Stephen Seiler's Exercise Physiology Site |
| Strength Training and Endurance Performance | Stephen Seiler's Exercise Physiology Site |
| Understanding Interval Training | Stephen Seiler's Exercise Physiology Site |
| Gender Differences in Endurance Performance | Stephen Seiler's Exercise Physiology Site |
| Efficiency and Endurance | Stephen Seiler's Exercise Physiology Site |
| Time Course of Training Adaptations | Stephen Seiler's Exercise Physiology Site |
| Specificity of Training | Coaching Science Abstracts SDSU |
| Altitude Training | Coaching Science Abstracts SDSU |
| Principles of Training | Coaching Science Abstracts SDSU |
| Heart Rate Monitors | SportsMed Web |
| Anaerobic Threshold | SportsMed Web |
| Maximizing Lung Function | SportsMed Web |
| Altitude Training | Sportscience.org |
| Tapering for Endurance Athletes | Sportscience.org |
| Heart Rate Training Zones | Sports Coach |
| Anaerobic Threshold Testing | Sports Coach |
| Conconi Test | Sports Coach |
| Cooper Test | Sports Coach |
| Balke Test | Sports Coach |
| Lactate Threshold and Aerobic Training | Curtin School of Physiotherapy |
| Taper for Competition | Curtin School of Physiotherapy |
Chapter 3 Running |
|
| Running: Avoiding Injuries | Dr Stephen Pribut's page |
| Hot Weather Running | Dr Stephen Pribut's page |
| Cold Weather Running | Dr Stephen Pribut's page |
| Overtraining | Dr Stephen Pribut's page |
| Stretching | Dr Stephen Pribut's page |
| Sports Physiology | Dr Stephen Pribut's page |
| Leather As An Orthotic Material | Dr Stephen Pribut's page |
| Sport Shoes | Dr Stephen Pribut's page |
| Basic Biomechanics | Dr Stephen Pribut's page |
| Neuroma Pain | Dr Stephen Pribut's page |
| Shin Splints | Dr Stephen Pribut's page |
| Plantar Fasciitis | Dr Stephen Pribut's page |
| Ankle Sprains | Dr Stephen Pribut's page |
| Knee Problems | Dr Stephen Pribut's page |
| Iliotibial Band Syndrome | Dr Stephen Pribut's page |
| Achilles Tendinitis | Dr Stephen Pribut's page |
| Common Running Injuries | Dr Stephen Pribut's page |
| Running a Sub 4 Minute Mile | Peak Performance |
| Overspeed Running | Peak Performance |
| Threshold Training | Runner's World |
| Heart Rate Training | Runner's World |
| Sprint Training | Sportscience Journal Encyclopedia Drafts |
| Distance Runners Overtraining | Sportscience Journal Encyclopedia Drafts |
| Running Shoes and Sports Injuries | Sportscience Journal Encyclopedia Drafts |
| Fartlek Training | Sports Coach |
| Running Technique-Middle Distance | Sports Coach |
| Running Technique-Sprinters | Sports Coach |
| Running Economy | Sports Coach |
| Hill Running | American Running Association |
Chapter 4 Nutritional Supplements |
|
| Pyruvate | Richard Chiang's Athletic Supplement Page |
| Creatine | Richard Chiang's Athletic Supplement Page |
| HMB | Richard Chiang's Athletic Supplement Page |
| Vanadyl Sulfate | Richard Chiang's Athletic Supplement Page |
| DHEA | Richard Chiang's Athletic Supplement Page |
| HMB | The Semper Fit Guide to Nutritional Supplements |
| Creatine | Semper Fit Guide to Nutritional Supplements |
| Chromium | Semper Fit Guide to Nutritional Supplements |
| Protein | Semper Fit Guide to Nutritional Supplements |
| DHEA | Semper Fit Guide to Nutritional Supplements |
| Androstenedione | Semper Fit Guide to Nutritional Supplements |
| Essential Fatty Acids | Semper Fit Guide to Nutritional Supplements |
| Vanadyl Sulfate | Semper Fit Guide to Nutritional Supplements |
| Ephedrine | Semper Fit Guide to Nutritional Supplements |
| Creatine | Journal of Exercise Physiology |
| Sodium Bicarbonate | Sportscience Journal Encyclopedia Drafts |
| Caffeine | The Physician and Sportsmedicine |
| Supplements | USOC Nutrition |
| Glycerol | EndurePlus web site |
| Caffeine | EndurePlus web site |
| Melatonin | EndurePlus web site |
| Hormone Supplements | EndurePlus web site |
| Glutamine 1 | EndurePlus web site |
| Glutamine 2 | EndurePlus web site |
| DHEA | EndurePlus web site |
| Choline | EndurePlus web site |
| Fructose | EndurePlus web site |
| Capsaisin | EndurePlus web site |
| BCAA | EndurePlus web site |
| Ephedrine | EndurePlus web site |
| Fish Oil | Diabetes Care |
| Protein and Amino Acid Supplements | Sportscience.org |
| Glutamine | Sports Nutrition Connection |
| Ephedrine | Sports Nutrition Connection |
| Meal Replacement Powders | Sports Nutrition Connection |
| Medium Chain Triglycerides | Sports Nutrition Connection |
| Sports Drinks | Dietsite.com |
| Caffeine and Performance | Dietsite.com |
Chapter 5 Strength Training |
|
| From Coaching Science Abstracts SDSU: | |
| Isometric Training | Sportscience Journal Encyclopedia Drafts |
| Strength Training Neural Adaptation | Sportscience Journal Encyclopedia Drafts |
| Pre-Contest Dieting | FitnesLink |
| Circuit Weight Training | GSU Dept of Kinesiology |
| Strength Training Exercises and Anatomy | PHYS Fitness Encyclopedia |
| Weight Training Injuries | The Physician and Sportsmedicine |
| Strength Training for Adult Fitness | The Physician and Sportsmedicine |
| Hyperplasia | Muscle Maker Journal |
| Soreness | Ripped-Clarence Bass |
| Plyometrics | Sports Coach |
| Plyometrics | Complete Conditioning |
| Youth Strength Training | Complete Conditioning |
| Neural Adaptions to Strength Training | Curtin School of Physiotherapy |
| Structural Determinants of Muscle Strength | Curtin School of Physiotherapy |
| Strength, Power and Endurance Training | Curtin School of Physiotherapy |
| Fatigue and Adaption to Strength Training | Curtin School of Physiotherapy |
Muscle Tests |
|
Muscular Power |
|
| Vertical Jump Test Standing Long (Broad) Jump Test |
Rob Wood's Home of Fitness Testing |
| Strength | |
1-RM Tests Isokinetic Strength Tests Handgrip Strength Test Abdominal Strength Test |
Rob Wood's Home of Fitness Testing |
| Muscular Endurance | |
Abdominal Endurance Tests Pull-Up Test Push-Up Test |
Rob Wood's Home of Fitness Testing |
Chapter 6 Nutrition |
|
| USOC | |
| Protein Intake | Sportscience Journal Encyclopedia Drafts |
| Protein | PHYS Encyclopedia |
| Amino Acids | PHYS Encyclopedia |
| Carbohydrates | PHYS Encyclopedia |
| Carbs and Glycemic Index | APFA |
| Fat | PHYS Encyclopedia |
| Facts About Fat | IFIC Review |
| Water Intake | GSU Dept of Kinesiology |
| Nutrition for Musclebuilders | The Physician and Sportsmedicine |
| Protein | The Physician and Sportsmedicine |
| Fiber Fundamentals | The Physician and Sportsmedicine |
| Eating for Peak Performance | The Physician and Sportsmedicine |
| Diet Tips For Runners | NISMAT Runner's Resource Guide |
| Carbohydrates | NISMAT Sports Nutrition Corner |
| Fluids | NISMAT Sports Nutrition Corner |
| Protein | Mesomorphosis.com |
| Glycogen Resynthesis | Mesomorphosis.com |
| Physiology of Nutrition | Cycling Performance Tips |
| Fats | Cycling Performance Tips |
| Carbohydrates | Cycling Performance Tips |
| Glycemic Index | Cycling Performance Tips |
| Protein | Cycling Performance Tips |
| Fluids | Cycling Performance Tips |
| Electrolytes | Cycling Performance Tips |
| Hyponatremia | Cycling Performance Tips |
| How Much Water Do You Need? | Army Physical Fitness Research Institute |
| The Stamina Nutrition Connection | Army Physical Fitness Research Institute |
| Nutrition for Gaining Muscle Mass | Sports Nutrition Connection |
| Nutrition for the Strength Athlete | Sports Nutrition Connection |
| Nutrition for the Endurance Athlete | Sports Nutrition Connection |
| Glycogen Replenishment | US Sports Academy |
| Dietary Goals For Improved Performance | Dietsite.com |
| Diet to Improve Performance | Dietsite.com |
| Nutrients For Athletes | Dietsite.com |
| Sports Drinks | Dietsite.com |
| Consumer's Guide to Fat | FDA |
Chapter 7 Miscellaneous |
|
| The Physician and Sportsmedicine | |
| Fat Burning During Exercise | The Physician and Sportsmedicine |
| Estimation of Body Composition | Sportscience Journal Encyclopedia Drafts |
| Electrical Muscle Stimulation | Sportscience Journal Encyclopedia Drafts |
| Fat Metabolism | Sportscience Journal Encyclopedia Drafts |
| Overtraining | Sportscience Journal Encyclopedia Drafts |
| Temperature Regulation and Environment | Sportscience Journal Encyclopedia Drafts |
| Weight Reduction | Sportscience Journal Encyclopedia Drafts |
| Dehydration and Heat Injury | SportsMed Web |
| Hyponatremia | SportsMed Web |
| Hponatremia 2 | SportsMed Web |
| Sports Psychology | USOC |
| Helping Athletes Cope With Jet Lag | USOC |
| Heat Acclimatization | USOC |
| Why Warm Up | USOC |
| Flexibility | USOC |
| RICE | USOC |
| Basic Stretches | USOC |
| Training the Olympic Athlete | Scientific American |
| Metabolism | Ripped - Clarence Bass |
| Cellular Energy Metabolism | Cycling Performance Tips |
| Measuring Blood Pressure | Rob Wood's Home of Fitness Testing |
| Measuring Lung Function | Rob Wood's Home of Fitness Testing |
| Heat Acclimatization | Sportsci.org |
| Physiologic and Long Term Adaptions to Exercise | Physical Activity and Health: A report of the Surgeon General |
| Effects of Physical Activity on Health and Disease | Physical Activity and Health: A report of the Surgeon General |
| Aging and Physical Performance | Cycling Performance Tips |
| Lactic Acid | Sports Coach |
| Wingate Test | Sports Coach |
| The Seven Laws of Training | Complete Conditioning |
| Lipid Metabolism During Exercise | NIH Workshop Summary |
| Fat Metabolism | Rensselear Chemical Engineering |
| Lipid Metabolism During Exercise | Samuel Klien, MD |
| Blood Pressure During Exercise | Curtin School of Physiotherapy |
| Exercising in the Heat | Curtin School of Physiotherapy |
| Exercising at Altitude | Curtin School of Physiotherapy |
Chapter 8 Measuring Body Composition |
|
| Skinfold Measurements | GSU Dept of Kinesiology |
| Underwater Weighing | GSU Dept of Kinesiology |
| Bioelectrical Impedence | GSU Dept of Kinesiology |
| Bod Pod (Air Displacement) | GSU Dept of Kinesiology |
| Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) | GSU Dept of Kinesiology |
| Near Infrared Interactance (NIR) Futrex 5000 | GSU Dept of Kinesiology |
| Skinfold
measurement Body Mass Index (BMI) Waist to Hip Ratio Hydrostatic Weighing Bioelectric Impedance Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) |
Rob Wood's Home of Fitness Testing |
Chapter 9 Swimming |
|
| Swimming Physiology, Injuries and Training | Sportscience Journal Encyclopedia Drafts |
| Skill Elements For Faster Racing Times | SDSU Swimming Science
Journal |
| Tapering Considerations For Big Meets | SDSU Swimming Science Journal |
| NSW Nutrition Guidelines: Preperation and Recovery From Competition | SDSU Swimming Science Journal |
| Elite Swimmers and Altitude Training | SDSU Swimming Science Journal |
| The Structure of Training Schedules According to Scientific Principles | SDSU Swimming Science Journal |
Chapter 10 Cycling |
|
| Cycling Physiology and Training | Sportscience Journal Encyclopedia Drafts |
| Three approaches to training | Cycling Performance Tips |
| Aging and physical performance | Cycling Performance Tips |
| Training at altitude | Cycling Performance Tips |
| The post ride recovery period | Cycling Performance Tips |
| Muscle pain, soreness and cramps | Cycling Performance Tips |
| Overtraining | Cycling Performance Tips |
| Crank Length | Cycling Performance Tips |
| Tires | Cycling Performance Tips |
| Intervals | Cycling Performance Tips |
| Offseason training/cross training | Cycling Performance Tips |
| Stationary cycling | Cycling Performance Tips |
| Weight/strength training | Cycling Performance Tips |
| Cycling Injuries | iafrica.com Health and Fitness |
| Overtraining | Roadcycling.com |
| Training Basics | Roadcycling.com |
| Intervals For Cycling | The Triathlon Pages |
Chapter 11 Injuries |
|
| Burner Syndrome | NISMAT Physical Therapy Corner |
| Neck Pain | NISMAT Physical Therapy Corner |
| Protecting Your Back | NISMAT Physical Therapy Corner |
| Spondylolisthesis and Spondylolysis in Gymnasts | NISMAT Physical Therapy Corner |
| Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: More than just a pain in the neck | NISMAT Physical Therapy Corner |
| Keeping Your Tennis Shoulder Tuned | NISMAT Physical Therapy Corner |
| Tennis Elbow: Lateral and Medial Epicondylitis | NISMAT Physical Therapy Corner |
| Eccentric Training for Treatment of Achilles Tendinosis | NISMAT Physical Therapy Corner |
| Hamstring Pull (Strain) | NISMAT Physical Therapy Corner |
| Iliotibial Band Friction Syndrome Treatment | NISMAT Physical Therapy Corner |
| Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome | NISMAT Physical Therapy Corner |
| Plantar Fasciitis | NISMAT Physical Therapy Corner |
| Shin Splints | NISMAT Physical Therapy Corner |
| RICE | NISMAT Athletic Trainers Corner |