The Policy of Greece in the Kosovo Crisis

a. Before and after NATO's intervention to the Kosovo crisis, Greece started to make the patience of the Allies come to an end. Especially the Serbia backing attitude of the media and of the religious circles has been effective on the Greek public. Newspapers and journals published and the TV channels broadcasting in Greece have virtually begun to act as Milosevic's spokesmen with their attacks against NATO.

b. The city of Salonica branch of the Greek Communist Party organized a demonstration in the Aristotelian University of Salonica protesting against the deployment of NATO forces over Salonica to Macedonia. After the meeting hundreds of party members first marched to the Consulate-General of the Yugoslavian Republic to show their support to the Yugoslav nation, and then they proceeded to USA Consulate-General by shouting anti-US slogans. At these protests, NATO has been called as "Nazi-American Terrorist Organisation" and US flags were burnt. Kalamaria municipiality started a aid and blood donation campaign for the Serbian people. During the meeting and the march to the US Embassy in Athens organized by the Athens Workers Center and the Youth branches of the political parties on 22.April 1999, incidents occurred. Demonstrators clashed with the police and seventy of them have been arrested.

c. While the Greek opposition parties, media and the church were going on to criticize NATO heavily, Greek Deputy Foreign Minister KRANIDIOTIS, at the meeting with the US Ambassador in Athens on 26.March 1999, demanded the cessation of the NATO attacks. KRANIDIOTIS ordered his own UN ambassador to put reservation the third stage of the NATO operation and to bring immediately the attacks to an end.

d. Information has been obtained that volunteers from some countries are making preparations for going to Belgrade in order to join to the war against NATO forces. In this context, 250 volunteers gathered in Greece. Greek businessman Stavros VITALIS made public that 250 persons had set off on journey to fight against NATO together with the Serbs.

e. On March 29, 1999, a demonstration for protesting NATO's bombing of Yugoslavia has been arranged in Crete. Serbs working in Crete and many Greeks participated in the demonstration march. On April 4, 1999, a group of protesters caused material damage at the Italian embassy. In the evening of April 2, 1999, a concert was organized in Salonica against NATO air attacks. (Similarly, a concert was organized in Greece several days ago for PKK Terror Organization) Many singers and ten thousands of Greek citizens participated in this concert. While the Greek Net TV station made a long broadcast about this concert through a live connection in its main news program, Yugoslav television pictured the whole concert live. Under the same scope, on April 7, 1999, AEK football team held a football match with the Partizan team in Belgrade for giving support to the Serbs. The Greek team had been welcomed in Yugoslavia very warmly by thousands of Belgrade residents and by President Milan MILUTINOVIC and it had been announced that the income of the match was given to the Serbs who had been harmed by the NATO attacks.

f. The spokesman of the Greek government, Dimitris REPPAS, stated that "they would not give the Turkish soldier the permission to use their territory to go to Kosovo and that they would not take part in the military intervention against Yugoslavia." Greek Deputy Defence Minister said, in a statement he made, that not a single Greek soldier participated in a NATO military operation in Yugoslavia and that this also includes the personnel on duty on AWACS aircraft, and that PREVEZE airfield being the advance operation base for the said aircraft was not used in the NATO air campaign (12.05.1999). Because of the Kosovo operation, the amount of anti-NATO demonstrations had been increased in Greece. In this context, in a speech he made on television, Greek Prime Minister defended the view that "the European Union members should act together to resist the USA hegemony". Because of these increased reactions, after USA, Britain also warned its citizens not to travel to Greece. Greece suspended the conveyance of aid convoys until the date of 03.May.1999 on the grounds that convoys' safety cannot be provided due to the Workers' Day.

g. By sending a letter, US President CLINTON required Greece to act in accordance with NATO countries. News appeared in the press that USA asked Greece to change its irresponsible and unacceptable policy and that Greece was warned during the NATO summit. According to the news published in USA, American tourists started to cancel their reservations for Greece.

h. It has been noted that the Greek Prime Minister Simitis started his speech made on television to explain his government's Kosovo policy by the known attacks against our country. Prime Minister Simitis' reference to our country, even while explaining Greek policy on Kosovo and while trying to persuade his own public shows that Greece is continuing to see all issues through a Turkish hostile vision. This ill-natured approach brought the Simitis government even to the stage to give every kind of help to the head of the terror organization PKK, and reduced Greece to the level of a terrorist country.

i. Albanian workers in the eastern Greek towns begun to leave Greece by being affected from the pressure and death threats of the extreme nationalists. British daily "The Times" published an article on this issue on April 12, 1999.

j. A soldier by the name Nikos YARADIKIS who is in charge on the destroyer HS THEMISTOCLES (D-221) which will take over a new mission within NATO's Standing Naval Force of Mediterranean (STANAVFORMED), delivered its request not to be charged on the mentioned ship anymore due to NATO's operations against Yugoslavia by an application to the Greek Defense Ministry.

k. On April 14, 1999, aid materials carried by seven full trucks had been sent by the Greek Orthodox Church to the Serbian Orthodox Church. The Greek Orthodox Archbishop HRISTOTULOS, making a speech on the delivery of the aid materials, accused NATO and said that Greeks will not participate in that war.

l. The Southern Cypriot Greek Administration did not leave Greece alone also on this issue by following a Serb-backing policy from the beginning of Kosovo crisis. 130 volunteers gathered in South Cyprus to fight on the Serbian side. Thousands of Cypriot Greeks made anti-NATO demonstrations on March 29, March 30, and April 3, 1999. Many politicians including the President of the Parliament, Spyros KIPRIYANU attended the demonstration of April 3. During this demonstration US and British Embassies had been stoned. The Archbishop of South Cyprus, HRISOSTOMOS made it public that they are in solidarity with the Serbian nation and on April 4, 1999 an aid campaign was organized in all churches for the Serbian people. On April 7, 1999 Greek Cypriot, Russian and Serbian singers and thousands of Greek Cypriots took part in a concert given in Limasol for supporting the Serbian people. The President of the Southern Cypriot Greek Administration, KIPRIYANU, tried to balance the negative attitude developed against his own administration in USA, EU and NATO by taking initiatives at the negotiations for the captured 3 American soldiers, but he failed to rescue them. Regarding Turkey's decision to open her airfields for the NATO operations against Yugoslavia, Greek government spokesman said that they will not give permission to the Turkish aircraft assigned to NATO to use the Greek airspace "under any circumstance". (16.05.1999) Many Greek personalities and representatives of various organizations visited Serbia. These included the leader of the Social Democrat Movement, Athens Workers Union Center and Journals Union representatives. During the visit by a delegation under the leadership of the Greece Social Democrat Movement leader Dimitros Tsavolas, of the Yugoslavian Foreign Minister it was stated that "NATO's aggressiveness has been an attack into the heart of Europe and this attack has been condemned". It was added that "this was a part of a strategy employed to destroy Europe's economical and technological development in its unification process, and Balkan and European people should reject the new dogma of NATO and they should give Yugoslavia full political and humanitarian support". Moreover, during the Belgrade visit of the Greek Work committee delegation on May 13, 1999 it was declared that "the Serbian people constitute a sample for all people who fight for freedom, independence and unity and NATO's invasion of Yugoslavia under the leadership of USA is a future event which other Balkan nations will encounter."

m. Greece, which employed a Serbian backing policy during the Kosovo Crisis, now cooperates with Russia against NATO by allowing a 3600 person Russian troop together with all their equipment to be carried over Selanik.

CONCLUSION :

Greece has proved how an unreliable country it is by taking side on Serbia from the beginning of the Kosova crisis in opposition to all the other NATO countries. As a result of the reactions by the Western countries and especially by USA, Greece had to explain its nation, who sympathizes with the Serbs, by putting forward Turkish Threat as a reason that it acts not according to the feelings of the Greek people, but according to the benefits of the country and that, therefore, it is supporting NATO by necessity. We believe that the lack of partnership which Greece has shown throughout the Kosovo crisis will be evaluated by the NATO countries when the right time comes.