IF
CLAUSESIF
CLAUSES
Sunt propozitii
subordonate introduse
prin : if , unless
(= if not ) ,
on condition (that) , in case (that)
, provided
(that) , providing (that) , supposing
(that) , suppose (that)
. [ unless este conjunctie
negativa , deci verbul va
fi la
afirmativ ] . In astfel
de propozitii
nu putem
folosi viitorul
sau conditionalul .
I.
Daca
in propozitia
principala avem
viitor , prezent
sau imperativ , dupa
IF vom
avea prezent .
Conditia
exprimata este
reala si posibila (90% sanse
de realizare).
Se
refera la
VIITOR , la
o actiune
care are
aproape toate
sansele sa
se realizeze .
Exemple : The pain
will go
if you take
some medicine .
Where will you
put your
books if
she takes
your bookcase ?
The sun
shines if
there are
no clouds
in the
sky .
People eat if
they feel
hungry .
Don’t touch the
wire if
you don’t have
rubber soles (talpi) .
If you
think the
mushrooms are
poisonous , don’t eat them .
II.
Daca
in propozitia
principala avem
conditional
prezent ( would + Vb.I )
dupa IF
vom avea
past tense . ( Pentru
verbul TO
BE este forma
WERE la
toate persoanele ) .
Conditia
exprimata este
probabila si
imaginara (~ 49% sanse) . Se refera
la PREZENT
, la o
actiune care
s-ar putea
realiza dar
este foarte
putin probabil .
Exemple : We wouldn’t
postpone the
exam unless
we could .
Providing Jack were
here he
would know
what to
do .
If I
were you , I
wouldn’t turn
him down ( a
refuza) .
Where would she
go for
help in
case she
really needed
it ?
OBS.
Exista posibilitatea
de a-l
omite pe
IF , in acest
caz are
loc inversiune
dintre auxiliar
si subiect . Pentru regula a
II-a , auxiliarul este “should”
– pentru verbele
obisnuite – si “were” pentru
verbul ‘to
be’ .
Exemple : Should I
find some
money I
would pay
the rent .
Were they eating ,
you would
have to
wait .
Should it start
raining , how would you
go on
playing ?
III.
Daca
in propozitia
principala avem
conditional
perfect ( would have +
Vb. III ) dupa IF
vom avea
past
perfect .
Conditia
exprimata este
nereala si
imposibila ( 0% sanse ) . Se
refera la TRECUT , la
o actiune
care nu
s-a realizat
conform asteptarilor
dar nu
se poate
modifica .
Exemple :
How would
you have
reacted if
you had
been invited
to the
principal’s office ?
If they
had lost
the match
they would have been
punished .
Suppose he
had spoken
in French , nobody
would have
undestood him .
If she
had been
sleeping she
couldn’t have
heard the
phone .
Atentie
! : frazele
conditionale de
tipul III
se pot traduce
prin IMPERFECT.
Exemple :
Cum reactionai
daca erai
invitat …. ?
Daca pierdeau
meciul ……………….
Daca vorbea ….. nimeni nu-l intelegea .
OBS
.
Il putem
omite pe
IF , facand in
acest caz
inversiunea dintre
auxiliar (had) si
subiect .
Exemple :
Had they
been late , everybody would have
had a
shock .
What would
you have
done , hadn’t she told
you the
truth ?
A.
Dupa IF
putem folosi
viitor sau
conditional , daca se
face referire
la sansa
.
Traducere : daca cumva , daca
se va
intampla sa , daca
s-ar intampla
sa , daca s-ar
fi intamplat
sa , daca se
intampla sa , daca
din intamplare ….
Exemple : If
she will
come to
the party
I’ll give
her the
message .
If it
will rain
we’ll have
to cancel
the picnic .
If they
will be
thirsty they
will drink
no matter
what .
B.
Pot exista
fraze
conditionale mixte , in care
propozitia principala
este la
conditional prezent
( regula II , se
refera la
prezent ) iar subordonata
este la
past perfect ( regula III , se refera
la trecut ) . Adica , o
actiune se
poate realiza
su nu
in prezent , pentru ca
o alta
actiune s-a
realizat sau
nu in
trecut .
Exemple : You would
have a
better job
if you
had learned
English .
He wouldn’t
spend his
young years
in prison
if he
hadn’t
killed that little
girl .
She wouldn’t
pay so
much now
if she
had driven
more
carefully .