
- Se
formeaza din
infinitivul scurt
al verbului ;
-
La
persoana a
III-a sg.
Se adauga s
sau es ;
-
Negativul se obtine
cu aux. DO (
dont/doesnt) urmat de
infinitivul scurt
al verbului .
-
Interogativul
se formeaza
cu DO (do/does) asezat
in fata
subiectului , dupa acesta
urmand infinitivul
scurt .
-
Exprima : * o actiune
prezenta generala , care
se poate
repeta ;
* o
actiune viitoare ,
planificata obiectiv ( altcineva
face planul , si
subiectul doar
se supune); de
ex. planificare de
actiuni , trasee de
excursie , orare de trenuri ,
avioane , etc .
-
Poate fi insotit
de adverbe
ca : every
, usually , generally , as
a rule , often, sometimes ,
always , rarely , etc .
e.g.
We like
to watch
matches every
Sunday .
She
never stays
at the seaside longer
than a
week .
I
often walk
to school .
We
have another
meeting in
two days
time .
The
plane leaves
from Otopeni .
-
Se
formeaza cu
prezentul lui
BE(am , is , are ) si verb
in -ing
-
Exprima : * o
actiune in
desfasurare in
momentul vorbirii ( in
progress
now ).
Poate fi insotit de
adverbele now , at
present , at the
moment , etc.
e.g. She is washing
the dishes
now .
They
are trying
to find
the hiding
place .
Somebody
is playing
the piano .
We
arent working
at present .
* o actiune
viitoare , planificata subiectiv
( subiectul face
planul si
tot el
realizeaza actiunea ) .
e.g. We are having
a party
next weekend .
She
isnt spending
next week
in Paris .
They
are seeing
the manager
tomorrow .
* o actiune
generala , dar desfasurata
pe o perioada mai
scurta
decat actiunea obisnuita
.
e.g. They live with
her parents
but this
month they
are staying
with
an aunt ( because the house
is under
repair ).
He (usually)
smokes pipes
but this
week he
is smoking
cigarettes ( because
his pipe
tobacco hasnt
arrived yet ).
I
like to
drink coffee
in the
morning but
these days
Im
drinking
milk (because of some heart
problems ).
* insotit de adverbele
always,never,forever poate
exprima
sacaiala , iritarea , enervarea .
e.g. You are never
listening to
me .
She
is always
chewing gum .
He
is forever
falling in
love .
-
este a doua
forma a
unui verb . Pentru verbele
regulate se
formeaza cu
ajutorul lui
-ed , adaugat la
infinitivul scurt . Pentru
cele neregulate , se
invata pe
de rost .
-
negativul se obtine
cu ajutorul
lui DO (didnt) urmat de
infinitivul scurt;
-
interogativul
se obtine
asezandu-l pe
did in
fata subiectului
si dupa
acesta
infinitivul
scurt .
-
exprima : * o actiune
trecuta , incheiata , fara legatura
cu prezentul ;
Poate
fi insotit
de adverbe
ca :yesterday,last
..,
.
ago .
* o
actiune viitoare ,
planificata obiectiv , fata
de a actiune
trecuta.
-
se
formeaza cu
trecutul lui
BE (was/were) si
verb in
-ing.
-
exprima : * o
actiune in
desfasurare (in progress)
intr-un anumit moment
trecut .
Acest moment poate fi
exprimat cu
ajutorul unui
adverb de
timp this time
yesterday , at 4
oclock last
Monday , etc.- sau cu o
propozitie cu
verb la
past tense :
e.g. She was
travelling to
Spain this
time yesterday .
They werent
walking at
10 oclock
last night .
Who was
speaking when
you got
in ?
Why werent
you sleeping
when I came home ?
* o
actiune viitoare
planificata subiectiv , fata de alta
actiune trecuta ;
e.g. She said
she was
buying a
new house
soon .
They
explained that
they were
spending the
following weekend
in the
Bahamas .
* o
actiune trecuta
generala dar
de scurta
durata fata
de actiunea
obisnuita :
e.g. She wore
large hats
but that
month she
was wearing
a small
one .
Some people
always used
the summer
house but
that summer
nobody was using
it .
*
insotit de
adverbele always,never,forever, poate
exprima sacaiala , iritarea
, enervarea :
e.g. You were
always contradicting
people .
They were
forever looking
into each
others eyes .
He was
never writing
his homework .
PRESENT
PERFECT SIMPLE
-
se
formeaza cu
prezentul lui HAVE
(have/has) si
verb III .
-
exprima o actiune
care a
inceput in
trecut si
care :
·
inca se continua ;
·
tocmai se incheie ;
·
s-a
incheiat tot
in trecut
dar are
rezultate in
prezent .
e.g.
We have
lived in
Galati for
a very
long time .
I have
waited for
you for
5 minutes .
She has
written her
homework twice .
-
face referire la
o perioada
de timp
nedeterminata ;
-
poate fi insotit
de adverbe
de timp
nedefinit : just , already , always , never ,
often ,
lately ( = in ultimul
timp , in ultima
vreme) ,today , this
, these
, yet , etc. Mai
poate fi , de
asemenea , folosit , cu constructii
cu for si since
. (FOR = de , timp de ;
se refera
la perioada
de timp
pe care
se desfasoara
actiunea . SINCE =
de , din ,
de la , de cand ; precizeaza
momentul cand
a inceput actiunea
.)
e.g. I
have always
been interested
in English .
They have just
heard the
news .
We have
never understood
his intentions .
She has
often spent
her holidays
in the
mountains .
You have
had two
English classes
this week .
He has
behaved very
strangely lately .
Have you seen
her today ?
They havent bought
the dictionary
yet .
We have
known them
for 20
years .
I have
eaten two
sandwiches since
I came
home ( since 4
oclock ).
-
poate fi folosit
in paralel
cu PAST
TENSE referitor
la aceeasi
actiune :
·
Present Perfect se
foloseste pentru
a da
sau cere
informatii
generale
privind desfasurarea
unei actiuni ( daca s-a realizat
sau nu);
·
Past Tense se
foloseste pentru
a da
amanunte precise
legate de
o anumita actiune
( cand , unde , cum , de ce , cine
, etc.) .
e.g. Have
you heard the
news ? Yes , I have . I heard
it two
minutes ago .
I have
already met
Mary . I met
her last
week .
She has
seen Titanic
this year . She
saw it
last month .
PRESENT
PERFECT CONTINUOUS
-
se
formeaza cu
BE la
present perfect (have/has been ) + Ving .
-
exprima o actiune
care a
inceput in
trecut si
care :
·
inca se continua
;
·
tocmai s-a incheiat .
-
se
poate folosi
cu aproximativ
aceleasi adverbe ca
si present
perfect simple , mai
ales cele
care se
refera la
o perioada pe
care se
poate desfasura
o actiune ( lately ,
recently , this
, these
, today , for
, since
, etc.)
-
se
poate traduce
atat prin perfect
compus cat
si prin prezent
romanesc .
e.g. : I
have been
waiting for
you for
half an
hour ; where have
you been ?
I
am pretty
tired , we have
been climbing
for such
a long
time .
-
putem mentiona
o aceeasi
actiune folosind
atat present
perfect simple
cat si continuous ; DAR :
·
forma continua pune
accent pe
continuitatea actiunii ;
·
forma simpla face
referire la
rezultate .
e.g. : We
have been talking
for half
an hour
but we havent talked
about the
trip yet .
Mother has been
cooking since
she came
home but
she has
only cooked
some stew (tocanita) .
-
se
formeaza cu
trecutul lui
HAVE (had ) si V-III
-
exprima o actiune
trecuta care
a avut loc
inaintea altei
actiuni trecute ;
-
se
poate folosi
cu adverbele
lui present
perfect , in afara
de lately si
recently ( care fac
referire la
o legatura cu
prezentul ) .
e.g. : The
train had already
left when
they arrived
at the station .
Bob
was late
because he
had missed his
bus .
-
se
formeaza cu
BE la
past perfect ( had been ) si Ving .
-
exprima o actiune
trecuta , desfasurata neintrerupt
pana in
momentul inceperii
altei actiuni
trecute .
e.g. : It
had been
raining all
day long
before they
came back .
He
was very
dirty because
he had
been working
in the
garden all
morning .
They
had been
watching TV
for some time
when the
lights went
dead
because of the
storm .