Understanding Your Most Fertile Time

One of the hallmarks of the current generation is that women are choosing to have children later in life and it is likely that this trend will continue. On average, women today are having two children with approximately four years time between the first and second births. Between 1985 and 1994 the proportion of births to women in their 20s decreased from 62 percent to 53 percent, while the proportion of births to women 30 44 years of age increased from 25 percent to 34 percent. Since the mid 1970s there has been a four-fold increase in the percent of first births to women 30 years and older.

Because fertility declines with age, having children later in life means that many couples will experience infertility in their quest to build a family. Advances in the treatment of infertility have improved a womans chances of conception as she ages, and more couples than ever before are taking advantage of these new treatments. However, many couples still dont know all they need to know about the first and most important step in the pregnancy process: ovulation.

Ovulation is the term used to define the release of an egg (usually one, though sometimes more) from a womans ovary. Conception occurs when a sperm fertilizes the egg. While sperm can survive for several days inside a womans reproductive tract, an egg can only survive for up to 24 hours after ovulation. This puts a limitation on the time when conception is most likely to occur. According to a recent survey conducted at the World Congress on Fertility and Sterility, 20 percent of the problems in conceiving are due to a couples failure to time intercourse correctly during the womans fertile time period.

The Opinion Research Corporation International (ORC) found that most women dont know when they can become pregnant. Nearly all women (98 percent) of reproductive age are unclear about how many days each month it is possible to get pregnant, and more than half (52 percent) of women arent sure when those fertile days occur during their cycle. Most parents do not know the day(s) on which their children were conceived.

To increase chances of becoming pregnant, women should monitor their bodys fertile time period the time that sperm can survive within a womans reproductive tract until ovulation and fertilization can occur. A womans most fertile period is typically several days (usually no more than 5-6) ending on the day after ovulation. Because menstrual cycles vary from one woman to another and even from one cycle to the next in the same woman, identifying a womans fertile time period can be challenging. However there are several methods a woman can use to determine when she is most likely to conceive:

• Calendar A woman can chart her menstrual cycle on a calendar to determine the days she is most likely to ovulate.
• Basal Body Temperature (BBT) The BBT is a womans temperature first thing in the morning, before getting up or doing any activity. In a normal menstrual cycle, a womans BBT rises almost one degree from just after ovulation through the beginning of her next cycle.
• Cervical Mucus Most of the time the cervix produces a mucus that protects the body from sperm, bacteria and other organisms. For several days each month, the consistency of the mucus changes to allow sperm to enter the fallopian tubes. By monitoring these changes, a woman can determine her fertile time period.
• Symptothermal Charting a combination of fertility indicators like cervical secretions and BBT can often help to indicate a womans fertile time period.

The above charting methods require women to record the secondary signs of fertility caused by changes in hormones. Because these conditions can be affected by factors such as infections or medications, they require careful monitoring and analysis, and they are never 100% reliable. An alternative to these methods is measuring changes in hormone levels. An increase in the level of estrogen marks the beginning of most womens fertile phase, while an increase in the luteinizing hormone (LH) level signals that ovulation will occur soon usually within approximately 24 to 36 hours.

The fertility monitor is a relatively new approach designed to provide daily information about a womans fertile time period. The monitor records a womans daily fertility level (low, high, peak) based on results from urine tests that detect increases in levels of estrogen and LH.

Another in-home test that can provide useful information is an ovulation predictor kit. These products measure the level of LH, helping women identify the days they have the optimal chances of conceiving.

The chances of becoming pregnant in any one month decrease from 20 percent in women over 30 years of age to five percent in women over 40. Among healthy women trying to conceive, nearly all pregnancies can be attributed to intercourse during the six days leading up to, and ending on, the day of ovulation. Being able to identify a womans fertility peaks and timing intercourse accordingly can increase a couples chances of pregnancy and also decrease unnecessary anxiety about the process.

 

Couples should also recognize that other factors may contribute to a womans inability to become pregnant, even when she is ovulating. These include:

• previous tubal surgery
• history of pelvic inflammation or infection
• scar tissue from previous surgery
• irregular or infrequent cycles
• male partners infertility

A woman who is under 35 and trying to become pregnant should use timing methods for no longer than one year. If she is still not pregnant, she should consult a physician to try to determine the cause of her inability to conceive. A woman over 35 should only use timing methods for up to six months before seeking further medical attention.