About 1918 he purchased a farm four and one half miles north of Kingman in the Farmington district. He farmed until 1927, then returned to his native home, La La Lebanon, and married Thebe (Debbie) Tarrabain.

Their son Willie was born in La La Lebanon on Mar. 18th, 1928. Then Mr. Nashman with his family returned to Canada by boat via Paris, France to Sherbrooke, Quebec. They travelled by train from Sherbrooke to Tofield and settled on his farm at Kingman. While they lived there they had 5 more children, 3 boys Alec, Sam and Siene and 2 girls Mamie and Eileen.

The Nashman's lived on the farm through thick and thin until 1955. They then purchased a house in Edmonton for the children. In May of 1956 they moved to Edmonton.

Charlie's eyes were failing, so he had a cataract operation. The operation wasn't successful, and he was told he had glaucoma. Since then he has become totally blind. He is 93 years old and in good health. He has vivid memories of his life in the Kingman and Tofield district.

NELSON, Frank & Elizabeth - Frank and Elizabeth Nelson and children, Florence, Frank, Gus, and Herbert arrived in Kingman from Sweden in late summer of 1927. They lived for a short time in Kingman next door to Ida Thompson, then moved to what's known as the Oliver Thompson place. At that time he earned his living by cutting brush for Oscar Thompson.

Frank bought S.W. 1/4 of section 25, four and one half miles northwest of Kingman, where he built a small house and moved his family there in the winter of 1929-30. They managed to make a living by milking a few cows and cutting and selling fence posts and mining timber. The grocery bill was usually paid for by hauling wood to Jim and Charlie, the Chinese merchants in Kingman.

Aberhart won his famous election. Frank became road foreman up in the hills, and when payday came around payments were made in "scrip" money which were delivered to the local farmers who had worked on the roads.

Another daughter Yvonne was born in 1938. In 1941 Frank rented his farm to Henning Johanson and moved with his family to New Westminster, B.C. where he lived until the spring of 1944. At that time Frank, Elizabeth and daughter Yvonne went back to Kingman where he purchased the Soma place. Herb got leave from the army to help his dad on the farm. Sons Frank and Gus were permanently in the army at that time. In 1950, he sold his property to Mr. John Marek and bought a farm in Aldergrove, B.C.

Frank passed away in 1971 and Elizabeth in 1976 at Surrey, B.C.

Florence, is now Mrs. Jago living in Clearbrook, B.C. Frank Jr. lives in Chilliwack. Gus lived in Surrey until he passed away in 1979. He was married to Mabel Myhre of Kingman. Herbert lives in Surrey. Yvonne is in Hinton, Alberta, married to Oliver Myhre, Mabel's brother also of Kingman.

NELSON, Gustav & Mabel - by Mabel (Myhre) - I live in Surrey, British Columbia. Gustav worked for the city of New Westminster as a truck driver for 31 years. He passed away in September 1979 at the age of 56. We had 2 children, Allen Nelson of Surrey, B. C. and Debbie Morgan of Chilliwack, B.C.

All the Myhre family grew up through the hard times and the good times, with many other families in the same way. The memories we will always treasure are of the old Miquelon stomping grounds and Kingman.

NELSON, Herman - Herman arrived in Canada in 1928 from Sweden. He worked on different farms in the Camrose area and met Henny Selin, daughter of Linus and Maria Selin. They married in 1937 and lived in different places around Kingman, Armena and Hay Lakes area until they bought a farm on S.E. 4-49-20-W4 (Fred Bredeson) in about 1947. In about 1972 the land was sold to Les Coykendall. Herman and Henny had 4 children: Lorne, Larry, Maureen and Melvin. Melvin passed away in 1950. Lorne is married and has one son, Darren; Larry is married and has one son, Dean, and they all live in Camrose. Maureen married Bill Rolston and they have a son, Wayne and and daughter, Sharlene. They live on W 1/2 of S.W. 14-48-21-W4th, Armena. Herman passed away in 1954 and Henny passed away in 1962.

NESS, Gladys Helen (Horte) - I am the second daughter of Thor and Marit Horte, born in Kingman in 1913. In 1934 I married Ingvald Ness and we lived on the Ness farm at Bardo for 9 years. Our 2 boys Mervyn and Darrel were born in Bardo. We moved to Kingman in 1943 where Ingvald bought grain for the Alberta Wheat Pool for 4 years. At first we lived in the Blyckert house which has since burned down. Then when the Wheat Pool purchased the Eric Erickson house we moved there. When Ingvald was hired on the Service board for the County of Beaver, we bought the Bartness house where Dick Soady's now live. Then in 1949, we moved to the Ilo Soma farm, which we purchased a year later, and where we still reside.

Our boys spent most of their childhood days in Kingman. Mervyn is a partner of an oil company in Tripoli, Libya, Africa where he lives and works. Darrel is in Camrose employed as Advertising consultant with the Camrose Canadian newspaper. We have 5 granddaughters and two great-granddaughters.

We have been active members of the Salem Lutheran congregation and the Kingman community. I remember from my childhood days the thriving busy hamlet of Kingman with two passenger trains a day to and from Edmonton, a station agent, livery barn, restaurant, 3 stores, a creamery, a bank one day a week, and a blacksmith shop.

Occasionally a band of gypsies would camp in Kingman for the weekend, and all the children in town would stay indoors for fear that the gypsies would get them.

As a little girl with a buster brown haircut, I remember singing for the travellers who came through. Great was the embarrassment of my older sister Irene, who claimed I couldn't even carry a tune.

We still live at Kingman where I have spent most of my life. Though there have been many changes through the years, we still enjoy our associations in the community.

NESVOLD, Laverne (Anderson) - I began my teaching career in Dinant in September of 1938, and continued working there for 3 years. I taught the lower grades and Percy Simonson, who was Principal at that time taught the higher grades. I worked in the older school building on the east side of the road and Percy worked in the newer building on the west side of the road. Later I taught at the Hutterite colony.

I am now retired and living in Camrose.

NICHOLSON, Margaret - I was born at noon one hot Saturday in July, 1921, in the house beside the Camrose Creamery which in those days served as maternity hospital for the district. I was a strong, healthy baby who soon grew into a sturdy child.

My parents both came from Hull in England. My Father, Frederick Nicholson, had worked for an insurance company and my Mother, Dorthea Nixon, had been a teacher. My Father along with my Mother's brother Judd and another Hull man had come to Canada about 1909 and had taken up homesteads in the Kitscoty area of Alberta. Later they all worked on the construction gang building the railway line between Edmonton and Jasper.

When the World War began in 1914 my Father joined the Canadian Army, the 49th Battalion, Edmonton Regiment and went overseas to England and France with them. On his return to Canada in 1919 he decided to take up farming and found a farm for sale south of Kingman.

The owner, Charlie Anderson was going to live in California. He was one of a group from Minnesota to take up homesteads in Alberta. I remember our neighbour Oscar Bard relating how he, with his brother Gust Bard, Charlie Johnson and Charlie Anderson came to find their land. There was, of course, nothing but open prairie and they had to locate the right quarter section by identifying the surveyor's corner posts. There was a large slough on Charlie Anderson's land but on a rise of ground in the centre was a tall spruce tree. On seeing it, Charlie said "That's where I'm going to build my house". They waded through the water to reach it. So he built a log house from trees cut in the bush and in time a big log barn and granary. All the work of cutting and trimming tile logs had to be done by hand. Looking back one realizes the tremendous amount of hard work done by the pioneers to make their homes on the prairies.

After Charlie Anderson moved to California in 1919 my Father took over the farm. My Mother came in 1920 and they were married in Camrose.

I was born in the horse and buggy days and some of my first memories are of the horses, cows, and other animals with which I grew up. We had a team of horses,one black, one white named Molly and Winnie, which used to pull the wagon and sleigh. My great ambition when I was about 3 was to get up enough courage to walk between them in their stall and give them hay. After I actually dared to do it I dated everything as being either before or after "the day I went between the horses". In fact I need not have been so afraid for Molly had a lovely gentle nature and was a most willing worker. She eventually enjoyed a well earned retirement remaining in the pasture when the other horses had to work.

From the moment I could hold a small I hay fork I was out in the hayfield or stooking grain and helping with all the outside chores. I spent the long summers roaming the fields, picking wild prairie flowers, following cow paths through the bush imagining them to have been made by the buffalo or that an Indian might be camping on the shore of Long Lake which ran along the north boundary of our farm. In those days there was actually a nice sandy beach where one could find snails in their shells and muskrats built homes in the reeds.

As I had no brothers and sisters I rarely saw any other children, except the Adamson boys. The Adamsons were our next door neighbours and from our house we could see across the pasture into their farm yard half a mile away. Sometimes the boys, Fritz, Walter, Harold, and Ernest would come over in two's, three's or all together. When I was a small child they used to tease me a great deal.

My favorite time of the year was autumn. First there was the haying, followed by cutting the grain, stooking, and finally the excitement of threshing. In Aug. my Mother and I helped load the hay, bouncing out to the field on an empty hay rack and riding back in comfort on top of a full load of fragrant smelling hay. In Sept. came the rattle of the binder cutting the ripe wheat and binding it into sheaves which it cast out in rows. We had to follow along picking up the bundles and standing them up in stooks of 6 with one on top for a cap to keep out the rain.

Then one day it would be our turn to have "the threshers". In the early morning light, neighbours would come driving teams of horses hitched to empty hay racks and start loading up the sheaves. And then "the threshing machine is coming"' What excitement, as Mr. Skalin's old Rumely tractor pulled the threshing rig into the yard. Soon a pile of yellow straw began to grow and a stream of golden wheat flowed into the wagon. At noon all the men would come in for dinner and huge roasts of beef, mounds of mashed potatoes, vegetables, and pies would vanish in no time. In mid-afternoon "lunch" was taken out to the field and as the men emptied their loads they would gather round and eat sandwiches and cakes washed down with coffee. Sometimes I would stay to help Walter Adamson shovel grain in the wagon for awhile before rushing back to help Mother prepare another huge meal for supper. In the evening the long shadows would stretch across the bare stubble fields and the sun would set in a blazing, red sky.

Once a week we drove the team into Kingman to collect the mail and buy groceries at the Chinese store run by Charlie Mah Him and Jim Mah Dong. Charlie and Jim were always kind to me and usually gave me a box of candy for Christmas. Their store was a fascinating place for besides the grocery counter there was a section for clothing and shoes. All sorts of things were displayed in a big glass case in the center which one could look at. A large potbellied stove at the rear with a chair or two around it was the meeting place where folks from miles around came to thaw out after a long , cold winter drive into town. There local news and gossip was exchanged with the town people and neighbouring, farmers.

When I was 7 years old my Mother took me to Pretty Hill School and I entered a new life. My feet were set on the road to the grown up world from which there is no returning. After 8 years there and 4 years in Kingman High School the War came and I left home to work in Ottawa.

Since then I have lived in many places and done a great variety of things and I have come to appreciate my wonderful childhood filled with sunshine, fresh air, blue skies and the greatest gift of all, freedom. We used to recite the verse which sums it all up so well -

"When you've heard the wild goose honking, When you've Seen the sunlit plain, When you've smelled the smell of the ripe grain Dewy, wet, You may go away and leave it, Say you'll not come back again, But It's in your blood, You never can forget."

NOMELAND, Einar - Einar Nomeland was born in Valle, Norway on October 15, 1906. He came to Canada by boat and arrived at Sam Olson's, his Uncle, in 1928. That same year he started working at the Olaus Olson farm and stayed there until the war started.

In 1941 he joined the R. C. Engineers and served until the war ended, when he returned to Valle, Norway to visit his family. On January 6, 1946 he returned to the Olson farm and in February he started work on the section at Dinant and was transferred to the section at Hay Lakes, where he bought his own home.

He retired in 1970 and made three trips back to Norway. In Sept. he became ill and passed away on December 29, 1978.

NOMELAND, Halvor & Helga - Halvor and Helga Nomland emigrated from the state of Minnesota to Canada in the year 1895, ten years before Alberta became a province.

They had 10 children, 3 boys and 7 girls. They homesteaded 8 miles north of Camrose.

Samuel the eldest of the boys. married my mother Julia Ovaldson. Her folks were Thor and Annie Ovaldson. They came to Canada in 1894, and homesteaded 2 miles north of Kingman. They had 7 children. 4 girls and 3 boys.

My parents Samuel and Julia Nomeland had 4 children. Hilda, Annie (Olive), Selma and Torval. My father homesteaded near Dinant and in 1909 moved to Kingman and farmed there and in the Ketchamoot district most of his life. In 1954 they sold the farm and moved to Edmonton to live with their daughter Selina and her husband Julius Lerbekmo.

My father passed away in 1955, Mother in 1969, sister Selma in 1976 and her husband Julius 1978. The remaining 3 all live in Tofield, Alberta.

I (Hilda) married Dr. John Simpson V.S. of Yorkton, Saskatchewan. He passed away in 1971. Annie (Olive) married Percy Sutton, who passed away in 1954. Torval married Mellisa Kallal.

NOMELAND, Halvor - by Tilda Simper - Halvor Nomeland was one of the first settlers on land which eventually became Dinant District.

He, with his family of 10, 3 boys and 7 girls came to Canada from Porter, Minnesota in the late 1800's. The landlord being the C.P.R. at that time allowed settlers to become "squatters" until such time as the land would be surveyed and ready for sale. Halvor became the owner of N.W. 13-48-20-4. In the interim he lived at Miquelon Lake with his family who had been reduced to 4 or 5, when the older girls left home to seek employment. Marriage resulted in most cases. Helga, (Mrs. Sam Olson) had been married in the U.S. before coming to Canada about 1887.

Sarah (Mrs. Tranter) lived for a time in Red Deer, and as far as memory serves, Halvor spent some time there considering going into hotel business with his son-in-law, Will Tranter, but for some reason this did not materialize.

Julia lived with her husband Peter Welch in the Pretty Hill district. They had 4 children, the eldest of whom Thomas, is a minister of the gospel in Oregon U.S.A.

Ella (Mrs. Jamison) lived in various places from coast to coast. She and her husband were blessed with 9 children, 2 of these died when very young.

Tillie (Mrs. Bennet) lived all of her married life in Ontario. There was 1 son born to that union. Gertie married Bennie Berge and lived in the Pretty Hill district. They had 1 son who died at an early age. Sadie (Mrs. Zoel Baril) lived at Durlingville with her husband and raised a family of 7, but died before any of her family reached maturity.

Sam Nomeland homesteaded on the N.E. 2-48-20-4 and lived there until 1911, when he moved with his family to the old Ed Thompson place north of' Kingman, where they lived until around 1918. Their next move was to the Farmington district where they lived for a short time before they settled in the Ketchamoot district. There they resided until Sam was forced to retire because of ill health. He passed away in the Tofield hospital and his wife Julia died in 1968. They are both buried in the Kingman cemetery.

In about 1915 Halvor Nomeland and son Halvor and daughter Sadie moved to the Cold Lake district where the nearest village was Durlingville. That was where Sadie met and married Zoel Baril.

The years took their toll and Halvor senior became ill and passed away. Halvor Junior carried on with the cattle business until he too succumbed to the dread T.B. which took the lives of Sadie and Gertie also in due course.

It might be of interest to know how T.B. was transmitted to those members of the family. A French couple had moved into the Miquelon area where a son was born to them and as the mother was tubercular and died while the baby boy was still tiny, Grandmother Nomeland took him and cared for him as long as he lived. As a consequence all of the young Nomeland family who were then at home, got the disease. Sadie died in the Sanitarium in Calgary and Gertie died at Dinant. Buried with her was a tiny infant son.

Ole Nomeland suffered a lengthy illness and died on Feb. 17, 1909. He was noted for his clever horsemanship. It was told how he would ride backwards on a horse, rein the horse with one hand and roll and light a cigarette with the other. The other trick he used to do was to hook one foot around the saddle horn while the other was in the stirrup so that his body was straight out from the horse, and in that position he would roll and light a cigarette.

Halvor was also a clever horseman but in a more practical way like "cutting" out cattle. He died at Durlingville and his body was brought back to Dinant for burial at Bethlehem Cemetery.

The first sod shack was built around 1892 and a few years later a two storied house was built and it became a place where friends met from time to time to dance and generally have a gay time. There was never any shortage of music because all the Nomeland men played the violin. Halvor senior was especially gifted, and it was said that "he could really make that old fiddle talk". He also played the Autoharp which he plucked at in his more mellow moments.

Grandma Nomeland made everyone welcome and gave much of herself to add to the pleasure of others. She was the first president of the Bethlehem Ladies Aid which was organized in 1904. She was laid to rest around 1906 in a grave dug on the home place where other members of the family are also buried.

In 1911 when the Nomeland's departed for the Cold Lake district the land was rented out for a while and later sold to A.P. Skalin.

NORDIN, Edmund - Edmund Nordin emigrated from Angermanland, Sweden in October 1928. The first year in Canada he worked for his uncle John Nordin, in the Lundemo district. He then purchased his own farm N.W. 31-48-20 WA. Henning Anderson had started farming here but he decided to go to Buck Lake and buy a homestead still available at that time. For three winters Ed worked at Pederson's lumber camp at Breton. In June 1934 he married Angeline Bert, who had spent most of her time working with her parents.

There was little cash the first years. Long hours and lots of hard work were needed to keep the farm going and pay for the most necessary machinery. The family consisted of a son, Ryan, born Nov. 1937, two daughters. Dilys born 1942 and Bernette born Oct. 1945. Due to ill health Ed and Angeline retired from farming in November 1969 and settled in Wetaskiwin.

Angeline then went to work at the Good Shepherd Home for seven and one half years, and is now enjoying retirement. After working with his father for some years Ryan purchased the farm.

Dilys married Edmund Kinas from New Sarepta. They farmed for some 14 years, then sold the farm and moved to Edmonton with their family of 2 daughters, Sandra and Crystal, and 2 sons, Douglas and Darrell. Dilys has since been employed at United Cycle and Ed with G.W.G. wholesales.

Bernette is married to Gordon Feitz who farms northwest of Wetaskiwin. The family resides in Wetaskiwin. They have a daughter Lila and a son Donald. Bernette is employed with Agriculture Canada.

Ryan, Dilys, and Bernette attended Brandland School. When it was closed they were bussed to Hay Lakes School.

NORDIN, John & Mina - by Ernest Nordin - John Nordin was born in Bjorna, Sweden in 1871. He immigrated to Canada in 1902 and went to Cranbrook, B. C. where he worked in the mines for 2 years. In 1904 he came to Alberta and homesteaded on S.W.-32-48-20 where he remained until his passing in 1955, when he was 83 years old.

Johanna Vilhelmina, daughter of Anders and Katharina Kristofferson, was born on May 28, 1891 in Vilhelmina, Sweden. In 1908 she immigrated to Canada, worked and settled in the Wilhelmina area north of Camrose where she remained for her entire life.

Mina, as she was known, married Olaf Forsen in 1910. They had 3 children before Olaf's death in 1915. They are Alvin Forsen, RR2 Camrose, Irma Johnson, Lady Smith, B. C., and Roy Forsen, deceased.

On June 23, 1918 Mina and John Aron Nordin were married. This marriage was blessed with 6 children. Sylvia deceased, John and Otto of Edmonton, Ernest of Camrose, Reynold of Camrose and Kenneth of Calgary. Mina was a lifelong member of the Wilhelmina Lutheran Church and the last surviving Chartered member She passed away October 8, 1974 when 83 years old.

There were many hardships for pioneers who arrived at the turn of the century. John often spoke of the winter of 1906-1907 which broke records as far as snowfall and cold. Having poor roads and being a long way from a trading center caused hardships.

The land was heavily wooded so clearing it was a back breaking job. John grubbed and brushed most of it with an axe. He broke 140 acres with a 6 and 8 horse outfit. The last few acres were broken with a 1920 International 10-20 Titan tractor.

John was road foreman for Local Improvement District 24-P4 which later became the M.D. of Lloyd George. He built many miles of road with 4 horses and a frezno.

Mother and Dad often talked about the year 1918 when the dreadful flu epidemic took its toll of victims. They also talked about the winter of 1919-20. Early snow and late spring produced a shortage of feed. The high prices for feed in the spring of 1920 and the bottom falling out of the beef market drove many ranchers into bankruptcy. Mother also mentioned getting stuck in the snow drifts with the horses and buggy in the middle of May in 1920.

We all went to the Brandland School. It was a one room school with a poor heating system. In cold windy weather it was impossible to get it warm enough to feel comfortable, so we quite often had to sit with our overcoats on. At one time there were 48 children and 9 grades taught by one teacher. There weren't enough desks, SO some of us had to sit on apple boxes. The school still stands at the west shore of Miquelon Lake where it was moved. It is used by the United Farmers of Alberta.

We had to travel 2 miles to school. In winter we sometimes drove with one horse and cutter or used skis or walked. Before and after school there was always chores to do. School had its fun time. We had a ball team and would play against other schools. Transportation was by foot most of the time. There were also field days in Camrose. In winter we played hockey or skated on what we called Johnson's Slough. It was not uncommon to shovel a couple of feet of snow before we could start skating. Money was scarce so for hockey equipment we made makeshift pads from Eaton's catalogs or horse sweat pads. Hockey sticks were made Out of willow trees.

Going to school in the "hungry thirties" also had its excitement. The M.D. of Lloyd George paid a bounty of one cent for crow and magpie eggs or feet and gopher tails. When returning home from school in May and June we looked for magpie or crow's nests. If there was one in sight we would climb the tree and retrieve the eggs, usually in our pockets or cap. If we were lucky enough to get down without breaking the eggs we would punch a hole in either end and blow the insides out. I don't think we made any money as it was rather hard on clothes.

The gophers were either trapped, snared or by any other method we could think of. The theater would allow us 15 cents on a pair of crow or magpie feet towards the price of admission to a show. We got 12 cents a dozen for crow and magpie eggs and in those days domestic eggs were selling for five cents a dozen.

I can remember the year 1935-1936. On Aug. 14 we had a killing frost. Farmers set fire to old straw piles and brush piles hoping to save some of their crops. We cut, stooked, and threshed our crop but the grain looked like bran. It was almost useless as far as food value was concerned. Then an early heavy snow fall came and temperatures dropped to 60 degrees below fahrenheit.

There was a large slough across from our farm house that had been cropped for 3 previous years. It filled with water in the spring of 1936 and is still full of water. There were many other early falls so we had to do our harvesting in the spring. The 3 day blizzard of 1951 plugged some roads that were never opened until the spring thaw.

As the years progressed roads improved, we got better buildings and equipment and times did not seem so bad, the biggest improvement in rural life was when we got electricity in 1953 and natural gas in 1974.

1 was married in 1969. We remained on the farm until June of 1974. Then because of our health problems we sold the farm and moved to Camrose, Alberta.

NORDIN, Reynold - Reynold Nils Nordin was born at Lundemo, in the Brandland district, on Oct. 24, 1923. He was the 4th. child of John Aaron Nordin and Wilhelmina Kristopherson.

Reynold spent all his life on the farm. He started attending the Brandland school in the late '20s.

In Nov. 1947, he was united in marriage to Adelia Martha Schoenknecht in Hay Lakes. After renting the farm (SE 32-48-20 W4, formerly the Tornquist place) they then purchased it from the owner Mildred Hallgren in 1952.

Born to Reynold and Adelia Nordin were 3 sons and 1 daughter.

Ron, is living in the town of Beaumont (south of Edmonton) and is managing Domino Machine Co. in Edmonton. Ron and Doreen have 2 children.

Terry is living north of Camrose on his own hog farm, formerly owned in the early days by John Erickson of the Lundemo district. Terry also works in Camrose at Builders Supplies. Terry and Marilyn have 1 child.

Wilmer, is living at home and working for Fountain Tire in Edmonton.<> Deanna is also living at home and is taking her grade 11 at Hay Lakes School.

NORDIN, Ryan Nels - Ryan Nordin was born in Camrose in 1937. He lived in the Brandland district where he attended school. When this school closed he attended Hay Lakes school. In 1958 he graduated from the Canadian Lutheran Bible Institute and went to Calgary to work.

In 1959 Ryan met Lillian Johnson who was born in Claresholm in 1940. Lillian was a farm girl who had attended a country school, then high school in Claresholm and Camrose Lutheran College. She trained as a Certified Nursing Aide and worked at the Calgary General Hospital.

Ryan and Lillian were married on July 29, 1961 at Claresholm, Alberta. They made their home in Calgary where they both worked.

In the spring of 1963, they moved to the home farm where they farmed with Ryan's folks until 1969. Ryan purchased his folks' farm. The senior Nordins retired to Wetaskiwin where they still make their home.

Ryan continues dairy farming in the Brandland district, shipping milk to Wetaskiwin.

Ryan and Lillian have 4 children, who attend Hay Lakes school. They are: Ron born in 1965, Harold in 1967, Nancy in 1969 and Debbie in 1979.

NOWAKOWSKY, Mary (Lutczysyn) - Our family settled on a homestead in 1905 3 miles southeast of Kingman. My father, John Lutczysyn was one of the trustees to get the Coal Hill School built in 1907 or 1908. We lived one and onehalf miles from school. I remember well the first day school opened in spring with about 15 children with Mrs. Emmett as teacher. I was then 8. I don't think any of the children could speak English, some boys were 16 years old. It was a mixture of Norwegian, Swedish, Ukrainian and Polish children. Each brought a slate and slate pencil, the teacher passed the primer reader and we learned the first page "Apple, fine red apple." She sang the ABC's several times a day and taught us to count. It was that simple from day to day. Talking anything else than English on the grounds was not allowed or we were put in the corner as punishment. Dr. & Mrs. Emmett lived half a mile away in a log-mud cabin with 2 small children and they took turns in teaching. Each year school closed at Christmas with a concert and did not open until April or May.

Our next teacher was Miss Agnes Johnson and the following term or two we had Mrs. Currie who lived on a farm a mile north of my home. She tutored me all winter from Grade 6 to Grade 8 for $4.00 a month. I was now 14 and ready for high school, so was sent to Camrose where I completed the grades and normal school. In 1918 the terrible flu broke out and that was another story.

The district was sparcely settled, due to much C.P.R. land lying vacant. In our homestead section lived the Batiuk family, the Lowry family, the Yanitzkis and us. Two miles north, the Gundersons and to the northeast, Lindbergs and Currie, and to the south several Ukrainian and Polish families. There was Round Lake to the east, then a big hill and over the hill the mining village of Round Hill.

During the spring, Indians would migrate to the north and in the fall to the south through our yard, and we kids were scared to death of them and would hide under the bed. When my father fenced the farm, they migrated over the hill which could be seen for miles. Editor's Note - Mrs. Mary Nowakowsky's personal history is in the "Heritage magazine" of January - February 1979.

OBERG, John Fabian - John Fabian Oberg was a miner from Kiruna, Sweden. He came to Canada in 1912 and settled on a 1/4 of land - NE-4-49-20-W4, east of David Olsons which is now owned by Hampton and Mary Anderson. He passed away in 1947.

ODDEN, Selma - My parents Simon and Lena Simonson came from the United States to Canada and settled in the Farmington district. They moved to Edmonton where I was born June 18. 1899. While I was still a baby they moved back to the farm and stayed there until I started school, but when I was 7 years old, we moved back to Edmonton.

My father died while I was a young girl only 10 years old. Mother tried the farm again but soon returned to the city. In 1916 she moved to Hughenden where she married Lewis Qualley.

In the fall of 1916 1 also went to Hughenden and worked at various jobs until I married Albert Odden January 21, 1922. We lived on the farm in the Highland View district for more than 30 years, then we moved to Hughenden where I still live. Albert passed away February 7. 1978.

We have three daughters in our family. Rhoda Olea Hunter and husband Mart live in Maynard, Arkansas. Their daughter Carol is married to Bob Weeks and they have a daughter Brandi. Their son Dale lives at home.

Our daughter Eunice married Al Michaelsen and lives at Surrey, B. C. Their sons, Alan and Randy live at home. Their daughter Jo Anne is married to John Gendron. They have 2 sons, Jason and Justin.

Our daughter Opal married Bruce Bowen and they live in North Vancouver, B. C. Their children Brian and Teresa are still at home.

OLSEN, Allen - My earlier years naturally were spent hiking back and forth to school, a distance of about 2 miles, to the old original Farmington school. I never did ride or drive a horse. I spent 2 terms at the Kingman school in 1930-31. My teachers, most of them from the Kingman area, were as follows: Mrs. Deverell, Mr. Bagnal, Miss Alice Simonson, Mr. Selmer Olsonberg, Mr. Simon Simonson, Mr. Percy Simonson, Mr. Ed Lindberg, and Mr. Clifford Simonson. I never did get through school, just landed out the same door I went in.

During the war I spent one winter working at Sudbury and Welland, Ontario. In the spring of 1942 I joined the R.C.A.F and spent 2 years in Canada and one overseas. After returning home I joined my father in the plumbing business in Camrose. While there I met Helen Teske of Bruce and we were married in 1948.

In 1950 we purchased the N.E. 12-49-20 from Mr. Bill Fenwick. There we fought the obstacles of nature until we moved to the home place in 1963 and continued on until 1975. We are now living in Camrose.

Our family is Douglas, Lorraine, Sandra, Brian, Glenda, Glen and Carol. Douglas, his wife Juliette and children, Daren and Nichol live in Edmonton. Lorraine, her husband Del Storvick, and children Dean, Scott and Leanne live at Rosebud, Alberta. Sandra and husband Doug Briault, and their daughter, Deanna, live at Legal, Alberta. Brian works in Edmonton and is presently living at home. Twins, Glenda and Glen, live in Edmonton. Carol and son Courtney live in Edmonton, Alberta.

OLSEN, Olav - Margaret Osness, daughter of Martha and Weir, married Olav Olsen who came to Canada from Norway at 16 years of age. To this union were born 1 son and 2 daughters, Vernon, Louise and Elaine. The Olsen family farmed in the Bawlf district. Louise and Elaine are both teachers.

Olav passed away suddenly in 1975. In 1979 Margaret married Walter Lachman. Walter is a carpenter and they are presently residing in Camrose.

Louise Olsen married David Walden who works at the International airport. They have 1 son Tavis and live in Edmonton where Louise teaches school.

Vernon is not married but lives at Redwater where he has his own hay farming business.

Elaine Olsen, a teacher married Clifford Maxwell who is in the construction business. They have 3 children, Rhonda, George, and Daniel. The family resides at Seba Beach.

OLSEN, Theodore William (Bill) - by Allen Olsen - Theodore William Olsen was born in Omaha, Nebraska in 1887. He was raised in and around Omaha where he worked on farms in Nebraska and Iowa. He apprenticed as a plumber and later worked in several of the Western States before coming to Edmonton in 1912.

Hermina (Minnie) Olsen (nee Riedl) was born in Olmitz, Kansas in 1889. She moved with her family to Wyoming around 1900. On January 1, 1913 she married Bill Olsen.

Their children are Allen, Margaret, and Gladys. Allen was born at Kingman, Alberta in 1921. He went to school in Farmington and Kingman. Allen served in the R.C.A.F. from 1942 to 1945. He lived in Camrose from 1945 to 1950, then moved to Kingman, living there until 1975 when he moved back to Camrose.

Margaret was born in 1926 at Casper, Wyoming. She took her schooling in Farmington and Kingman. In 1948 she married and moved to Vegreville area, then later to Viking.

Gladys was born in 1928 at Kingman. She took her schooling in Farmington and Kingman. She married in 1949 and moved to Edmonton, then later moved to Sherwood Park.

In 1912 my father then in his early 20's, having a trade and a desire for a little adventure had heard that Canada was booming, decided to leave his native soil and come to Edmonton. At that time the High Level Bridge was still under construction. He worked there that year, then went back to Wyoming where he had met mother previously. They were married there. Their honeymoon consisted of the trip back to Edmonton, where he continued to work for the next 3 years.

In 1915 they decided to try their luck at farming, so they purchased a 1/4 section of land west of Leduc where the Calmar-Devon junction is located. After a couple of years of homesickness for the States and family ties, they decided to sell out and return to the U.S.A. Before leaving the country they stopped in at Kingman to visit with my uncle Pete Olsen who at that time lived on what was known later as the Hartschen farm.

While visiting with Uncle Pete they met up with Ed Thompson who convinced them they should stay in Alberta, so they purchased a 1/4 section of land from the C.P.R. (S.E. 1/4-19-49-19). With an axe, 3 horses and a wooden beam breaking plow they started over again. In 1918 their first crop was frozen out in July.

They struggled along clearing a few acres each year and cutting and hewing logs for buildings until the fall of 1923 when they sold again and headed back to the States. They did keep the farm however.

My father went back to plumbing and worked in Colorado, Wyoming, Idaho, Washington and Oregon. After about 3 years of this gypsy type of life, which did not appeal much to mother they decided to return to the farm in 1927. They just began to get settled with a few pieces of machinery and a little livestock when the bottom fell out of everything in 1929.

Conditions such as they were during the 30's, the farm somehow managed to keep us alive. In the early forties during the war Dad carried on until I returned from the Air Force and started farming. I later purchased the farm in 1963, when the folks moved into Camrose.

Mother did not enjoy too many years of retirement, she passed away in 1965 and Dad livedtill1975.

OLSEN, Theodore - by Margaret Congden - Mr. and Mrs. Theodore William (Bill) Olsen came to Kingman district in 1917 from Nebraska and Wyoming. Prior to coming to Kingman they lived in Edmonton where Mr. Olsen worked in the plumbing business, and later farmed at Leduc.

They purchased a raw quarter section of land 2 miles north of Kingman SE 1/4 19-49-19 where they continued to farm. They lived in Kingman while building their house on the farm. With very little land ready for cultivation, they began brushing and breaking up their land little by little. All the brushing was done by the swing of the axe.

They returned to the States for 3 years, renting their land out. While in the States Bill Olsen worked at his plumbing trade. Coming back to Kingman in 1927 they took up farming again, just in time to hit the hard times of the 1930's.

Bill and Minnie had 3 children, Allen, Margaret and Gladys. They attended Farmington and Kingman schools. Allen served in the armed forces with the Royal Canadian Air Force from 1942-45. After returning from overseas, he started farming in the Kingman district. Allen married in 1948, he has 7 children and several grandchildren. He now lives in Camrose, and works at his own carpentry business.

Margaret married Don Congdon in 1948, is farming in the Viking area, and has 3 children and several grandchildren.

Gladys married in 1949, has 6 children and a grandson. They are living in the Sherwood Park area.

Mr. and Mrs. Bill Olsen retired to Camrose in 1963 and lived there till their passing, Minnie in 1965 and Bill in 1975.

OLSON, Charlie - Mr. and Mrs. Charlie Olson were both born in Sweden. They first immigrated to Isani County, Minnesota.

They and 3 daughters came to Canada in the spring of 1901. Pretty Hill was the post office at that time. His homestead was the S.W. 1/4- 12-49-20-W4. He sold his homestead and built a bigger house and barns on the fraction northwest of the homestead. Later this was sold to the Thompsons.

He then built a house in the village of Kingman, in about 1919, the house is still there and being lived in. The daughters were married and went their respective ways. Lina married Albert Danielson, a farmer at Kingman. Christine married William Wilson, a farmer at Hay Lakes. Elizabeth married A. C. Falconer, Charlie as he was known. They lived at the coast till 1912 when Mr. Falconer went to Ontario to be with his ailing mother and family. Mrs. Falconer and daughter came to Kingman to be with her aging parents, the Charlie Olson's.

Mr. Falconer served overseas for the whole duration of the 1914-18 war. He was gassed and hospitalized and came back to Kingman in the early spring of 1919. In midsummer the family went to Ontario for a couple of years, coming back to Hay Lakes District and operating a poultry farm.

Charlie Olson passed away May 12, 1930. Mrs. Olson was killed in an unfortunate accident with a horse in 1917.

OLSON, David - In 1923 David Olson emigrated from Sweden to Canada. He stayed with his uncle Peter Peterson on the land which David now owns. During the winter months he worked in lumber camps.

In 1924 he purchased the quarter which Paul Bjorgum now owns. However, times were tough and he had to turn the quarter back the the C. P.R. In 1935 he bought the quarter S.W. of 3, which he later sold to Fred Coykendall.

When his uncle passed away in 1948, David became the owner of the 2 quarters, the one he now resides on, and a pasture quarter a half mile north.

In 1952 he married Mildred Dahl, 8 sons were born into the family. They had also hoped for a girl or two, but this was not to be, and so they called it a day, one short of a complete contingent for a baseball team. To raise 8 boys has not always been easy since there has been much illness, but now those days seem to be past. The children have attended school at Kingman and Camrose, with the exception of Dwayne who started grade 1 at Dinant, and continued to attend there until the school was closed.

The family has enjoyed living in the community and has tried, as much as possible, to participate in the various activities.

Two of the highlights in the life of the family were the celebration of their 25th Wedding Anniversary in 1977, and in 1979 when the first grandson, Jason, was born.

Mildred was the eldest daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Martin Dahl. The sons of David and Mildred are as follows: Dwayne is employed by Supercrete Cement Pipe Factory in Edmonton and continues to work from home. Charles is a serviceman with Luscar Coal Mines in Hinton where he resides. Kenneth married Sheryl Grundberg and has one son. He is an electrician and lives in Edson. James is employed by Supercrete Cement Pipe Factory in Edmonton and commutes to work from home. Daniel is attending College at Lethbridge. Colin is farming at home. Dale and Larry are attending school and are still at home.

OLSON, Dick - Dedrick "Dick" Olson was born at Selby, South Dakota on March 28, 1892 and arrived with his parents Olaus and Ildri Olson in 1900.

He reached manhood in the Dinant area and was active in community affairs. He played baseball in his youth and later served as umpire in baseball games. He did auctioneering for the Ladies Aid sales and at basket socials.

Dick never married, but stayed at home and took care of his parents until their death. He passed away in December 1945 and is buried in the Bethlehem Cemetery.

OLSON, Family - by Haldor Olson - My birth certificate tells me I was born at Pretty Hill, Alta., May 5, 1905. Exactly where Pretty Hill is, I haven't any idea, but assume was somewhere perhaps in the Miquelon Lake area.

However, I grew up on Dad's farm 7 miles north of Camrose to about 14 years of age, when I was able to take on a larger part of the farm work, Dad bought a second quarter section to make up a half. The railway divided the farm into east and west portions. Because of our abundance of good water for the steam locomotive, Dad was hired by the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway (Later to become Canadian National) as Pumpman, a job he held till retirement.

I attended the Dinant school when it was built about 1913. The first teachers I can remember were Miss Legate, Mr. Vance, Mr. Boucher, and Mr. Fraser. The boys I chummed with during the school years were Ray Swanson, Oscar and Louis Erga, Oscar Rosland, Johnny Budinski, and Dave Dandell.

We enjoyed riding our bicycles, visiting one place or the other on Sundays and evenings - no long weekends then. At various times, during our mid-teens spook stories somehow surfaced. One of these was that a mysterious, unattended light used to be seen going back and forth on the east-west road just north of Dinant. The light was said to come right down onto passing cars and sometimes actually stopped the engine. Well, one fine night someone in our gang wondered what might happen if we tied a good bicycle lamp on the end of a long slender pole and held it up as high as we could. There was only one way to find out, so the pole was obtained, the light fastened to it, lifted up and slowly shone in different directions. To our great delight, in about 15 minutes, 2 or 3 car lights were seen coming toward us. As they approached closer, we lowered and put out the light, and hid ourselves in some shrubbery alongside the road. When the cars slowed down, or stopped close to where we were, we were completely satisfied with out little experiment.

Maybe there are still some around who can remember the store that was built just west of the railway station. Those first owners and operators were World War I veterans, Walter Porter and his brother. They were highly thought of in the area and operated the store for several years. The last owner and operator of the store there was my brother-in-law Fred Harris, after the end of World War II. The building was finally moved to Camrose and made into suites.

During my mid-teens, Rev. A. H. Solheim, was pastor of Bethlehem Lutheran Church, about 3 miles north of home. He also held confirmation classes there. I was in one of those classes and was confirmed there in March 1922.

During the winter of 1922-23, I fired the steam boiler in the hoist house at the Canadian Dinant Coal Mine. I thoroughly enjoyed that Job, earning 35 cents an hour, and walked the roughly 2 miles to and from work. Although the hoist was only a few feet from the boiler, it sometimes got so cold there that Ed Haugestol, the hoist man, used to take over my job feeding the boiler, while I would run the hoist so he could warm up. He was a good guy to work with, and so was Charlie Hughes, the mechanic. He was the type of man who could take on any kind of repair job. He was a very good blacksmith also.

It must have been about this time I realized I would never make a farmer, and I told Dad that I wanted to go into the electrical industry. Although he never tried to make me change my mind. it must have been rather hard to accept.

An aspect of my growing up years on the farm that I enjoyed were the threshing seasons. I remember the large steam threshing outfits operated by the Wilsons and the Throndsons. They did most of the custom threshing in the area. A group of neighbouring farmers would band together and supply the labour force. It was a time of long hours and hard work. The ladies of the area also co-operated, pooling their efforts. Every meal was a feast including the between meal lunches.

The spring, summer and fall of 1924, 1 worked as partsman and machine erector for J. A. Code, the International Harvester Implement dealer in Camrose. I really enjoyed that job too, and one never had a more understanding boss than Mr. Code.

In October 1925, 1 left Camrose to attend the Provincial Institute of Technology and Art in Calgary. This is now known as S.A.I.T. I enrolled in the 2 year Electrical Engineering course and graduated in May 1927. A few weeks later I was hired by the Calgary Power Company to work in the hydroelectric power plants at Seebe, as floorman. When I decided to leave there in about April 1929, 1 was also doing relief shifts on the switchboard. If there had been any knowledge of the coming depression, I would surely have never left Calgary Power. The following months were weeks of part-time employment in Calgary and Edmonton and writing many applications for work.

It was during this time in Calgary that I met in the Trinity Lutheran Church, the girl who later became my wife.

In June 1930 one of my applications for work received a favourable reply from the Hudson Bay Mining and Smelting Company at the new town of Flin Flon, Manitoba. No work was available in Alberta. The mining and smelting operation was being developed and a hydro-electric power plant for their power source was nearing completion on the Churchill River about 60 air miles to the north and west in Saskatchewan. The site was named Island Falls and the subsidiary of the mining company was called Churchill River Power Company. I started work in the power plant and because of previous power house experience, advancement was rapid. Much could be written about pioneering experiences and subsequent development in later years, but that would be a story entirely unrelated to the present story of life at Dinant, though nevertheless interesting.

In July 1932 on my annual vacation, Irene Hyslien and I were married at Trinity Lutheran Church, Calgary. Five years later our first son Keith was born. And when he was 5 years old, his brother Brian came to join our family.

Both boys got their high school education at Briercrest Bible Institute at Caronport, Saskatchewan. Keith's vocation has been flying, having spent the last few years with Air Canada. Brian has been at Kamloops, B.C., for several years working for C.P.R. Keith and Barbara have 2 boys and a daughter, and Brian and Connie have 2 girls and a son.

We lived and worked at Island Falls for 37 years. In early 1967 the plant was automated for control from Flin Flon, and all staff were moved there, and I had become superintendent of the company. We lived in Flin Flon till July 1969 when I retired, and we had decided to return to Calgary. We have lived at our present address now for over 10 years, and see no particular reason for moving for some time to come.

OLSON, Hans - by Russ Hanson - Hans Olson was 50 years old and twice a widower, when he sailed for Canada in Nov. of 1909. Upon his arrival, he was met by Sigfrid Hanson, his eldest son, who had come to the Swea district in 1906. Just prior to his arrival, however, Sigfrid's first wife, Elen and baby daughter Elen, had passed away that Oct. Lake de May was given as the place of residence at the time.

Hans Olson was born in 1859 in Bollnas, Gavleborgs Lan, Sweden, to Olaf Hanson and Margta Ostberg of Bollnas. He was a dairyman. Bollnas is about 150 miles north of Stockholm, and a few miles inland from the Gulf of Bothnia.

The parish of Bollnas had long been the home of his forefathers dating back at least 150 years. Since it was the custom in Sweden for the oldest son to take his father's first name and add "son" to it, his name became Hans Olson. As this had been the custom in his family for a long time, his great-grandfather was Anders Jonsson in 1756; his grandfather was Hans Andersson in 1794; and his father became Olaf Hansson in 1817 according to the custom. Members of Hans Olson's family, therefore, became Hanson, but the practice stopped then, and the Hanson name has been retained ever since. Such names were usually spelled with a double "s" in Sweden as their way of indicating the possessive.

Hans Olson was the only son in a family of 6. His oldest sister, Karin, was born in 1849. The other sisters were Sigrid, Margta, Anna, and Brita.

Anna married Johan Pehrsson Holm, the shoemaker, in 1888. They left Sweden in 1891 for Denver, Colorado, with 2 children, Per Helge, and Anna Viola. Although Hjalmar Hanson kept in contact with the family, little is known about them.

Margta married Jonas Hansson in Bollnas in 1885, and again few details have come down concerning them, but there is hope that a contact will be made with their descendants. Karin and Sigrid remained unmarried, and Brita moved to Lockne, Jamitland in 1899. It would seem from this that a population in a country like Sweden or Canada is made up of lost aunts and uncles and their descendants.

Hans Olson first married Ella Persson in the parish of Ovanacker, as the daughter of the farmer, Pehr and Kerstin Olsson. Sigfrid, August, and Hjalmar were born to this marriage. His wife died shortly after the birth of Marta Eleonora in 1891, when only 29 years old, and the baby died a few months later. Sigfrid, August, and Hjalmar lived for a short time at Miquelon Lake.

In 1893, Hans Olson married Anna Hedstrom of Soderala, the daughter of Anders Gustaf and Stina Hedstrom. Their son Anders Gustaf was born in Soderhamn in 1894. The family moved to Bollnas where his second wife died in 1900 at the age of 38 years, shortly after the birth of their second son, John. The baby died the same day. Gustaf immigrated to Canada with Hjalmar in 1912.

Hans Olson then moved to Revsund, where as a dairyman, he acquired a De Laval cream separator. His sister, Sigrid Olsson, also helped him as a dairymaid. Since Carl de Laval invented the centrifugal cream separator in Sweden in 1878, it was an innovative idea at the time. Hans Olson bought milk from the local farmers, separated the fluids, and made butter and cheese as by-products. He sold his dairy products to the local villagers.

If Hans Olson was the opportunist when he took advantage of the new De Leval invention, he was no less the opportunist when he picked his homestead. Only a few months after his arrival in Canada, he picked his homestead at Miquelon Lake in April of 1910. Located at NW 28-49-20, he obtained patent in 1918. In addition, he obtained his certificate of naturalization from the District Court in Wetaskin on May 5, 1913. He was determied to stay. Today, his homestead is the site of the beautiful Miquelon Hills golf course, located along the east shore of the third Miquelon Lake.

With the help of Hjalmar and Gustav Hanson, a small two-storey log house, and a barn topped with a frame constructed hayloft, were built. When the land was cleared, and the fences erected, the homestead was never a show piece, or anything like the homes in Sweden, but it was comfortable, and it remained in the family until 1972.

Gustav Hanson lived and worked with his dad on the homestead in those early years. After his marriage in 1924, he continued to live on the homestead until 1928, only to return to it again in 1936. In his later years, Grandpa Olson lived with Hjalmar Hanson in the Woodlawn district, and while there, he visited the homes of August and Gustav Hanson, who lived in the district at the time. Sigfrid had moved his family to New Westminster in 1926.

Grandpa Olson is remembered by his grandchildren as a friendly person, always willing to hand out quarters and bags of jelly beans. Russell remembers the consternation of a teacher when he showed up in class with grandpa's monocle and corncob pipe, to say nothing about grandpa's consternation.

Hans Olson became a patient in the Salvation Army hospital in Edmonton in January of 1935. At that time, the Rev. and Mrs. Paul Anderson moved into the house on the homestead while he was pastor of the Baptist church in Kingman. Someone may know how he travelled the 7 miles to Kingman.

Hans Olson, described as a local old-timer at the time, died at the Salvation Army home on May 16, 1935, at the age of 76 years. He lies in the Fridhem church cemetery, north of Camrose, in the same place that Sigfrid's first wife and child were placed.

OLSON, John - John Sankey Olson came from Selby, North Dakota with his parents Olaus and Ildri Olson in 1900. He was 11 years old when they settled in the Pretty Hill, Dinant district. The nearest post office was Bittern Lake and the nearest supply point was Wetaskiwin.

In 1907 and 1908 John operated as an agent for Adam and Krole, Chicago, enlarging photographs and selling lithographs.

In 1910 John Olson and Hercules Butchard filed for a homestead between Youngstown and Coronation being the West half of 13-12- 11. They had to live on the homestead 6 months of the year in order to keep it. They broke 30 acres and lived life to the fullest the next few years - hauled building materials and mail from Castor to Hannah, worked on railroad construction, did custom bailing and threshing. and played for dances. For sport they hunted coyotes with their hounds, selling pelts for $2 - $5. Muskrat skins sold for 6 cents. They shot ducks and geese for meat and even ate magpie eggs.

In 1922 John married Martha Johnson of the Lundemo district. They moved to the Pretty Hill district with their 3 children, Ethel, Oliver, and Clarice to farm S.W. 26-48-20. Six more children were born here with Mrs. Cole or Lilly Slind McPhedran acting as midwife.

There were no conveniences and one cannot but marvel at the pioneer spirit every one had. John cut mine props in exchange for coal at the Dinant Mine. The children attended Pretty Hill School and in winter they skied on skis made by Grandpa Hansel Johnson.

In 1936 the land was sold and the next year was spent at Grandpa Olson's. In October 1937 they moved to the Miquelon Lake district. Winter settled in early so they lived in a granary and a cook house. They had no barn, but a good neighbor, Albert Hay, housed their cattle for the winter, Ethel had quit school and walked or rode horseback twice a day to Hay's to do chores. The next year their house was built and a barn was built of muskeg blocks. In 1940 Ervin was born.

John worked at many jobs. He enjoyed fishing and was killed in a car accident in June 1970 returning home from a fishing trip. He was 80 years old. Martha sold the farm to sons Marvin and Herbert and lived in her new trailer with Herbert until her death in October 1978 at the age of 78 years.

Ethel married Martin Olson and they had 5 children. They all live in Edmonton. Martin passed away in 1974. Oliver married Ethel Davis. He works for Procar Company in Edmonton. They have 3 children and live in Edmonton.

Clarice taught school for 3 years, then married Stewart Van Petten and they farmed in Kelsey Albany district. They had 9 children. Stewart passed away in 1970. In 1978 Clarice sold her farm and moved to Camrose.

Selma married Ray Vance. They have 2 daughters. They lived at Crescent Spur, B. C. In 1953 they moved to Kingman and lived in the Tom Gibson house for a year then moved to their farm at Bluffton. later retiring to Edmonton. They are now living at Alberta Beach where Ray operates a back hoe and Selma works with the Senior Citizens.

Johnny married Elsie Lee. They have 3 sons, Larry and Wayne live in Edmonton and Dale lives with his parents on their acreage at Tofield. Johnny works for Steffter Construction.

Edna married John Annas. They live in Hanna, where John is equipment foreman for the C.N.R. and Edna is employed at Burke's Jewellery. They have 4 children.

Marvin married Doreen Peterson. They lived at Vegreville until 1979 when they moved to Soake, B.C. Doreen was a telephone operator and Marvin worked on road construction throughout Alberta. Herbert is living on the home place and is a good neighbor to all.

Doris married Ray Veroba. They lived in the Philips house. In 1979 they moved to Drayton Valley, where they have a turkey farm. They have 1 son.

Ervin married Diana Fairbrother and have 3 children, Darin, Tammy and Donald. They are attending the Kingman school. Ervin works for Stiffler Construction. Ervin and Diana have their own band "Country Pride".

OLSON, Julian -Julian Olson was born in the Edberg district, to Oscar and Alma Olson, the eldest in a family of 6. He took his schooling at the Rosebush school. When his father passed away in 1948 he and his family moved to Camrose to the Sparling district. From that time on he became known as "Slim". In 1959 he married Imogene Olsen, who was then teaching at the Hutterite Colony, after spending some years at schools farther north. They moved into a home in the Bailey Sub-Division that they had built prior to their wedding. Here, in 1961 Gary was born. In 1963 they rented a farm home near Miquelon Lake and here, in 1964, Lori was born. They moved in 1966 to an acreage near Kingman, to the home they are presently living in. Julian is now in his own tin-smithing business, and Gary has been following in his father's footsteps for 1 year. He is employed at Burmac Plumbing and Heating. Lori is taking her high school at Camrose Composite school.

OLSON, Martin -Martin was born in Walworth County, South Dakota on Nov. 11, 1887. As a young boy he left Selby, South Dakota with his parents Olaus Olsons and arrived in Wetaskiwin in early December 1900. He grew up in the Dinant district.

Martin was secretary for the telephone company for many years and also served as secretary for several other community organizations and played the fiddle for the district dances.

Before there was an elevator at Dinant he operated the leg used in loading the grain into box cars and served a term as weed inspector.

He married Ethel Olson and they continued to live on his father's farm N.E. 14-48-20 where their 5 children were born. In 1966 they sold the farm to the Hutterites and moved to an acreage near Lake Demay. In 1970 they moved to Edmonton where Martin passed away on July 1, 1974 at the age of 86 years. Arlene attended the Dinant School and then worked at Bethany Home for a couple of years. In 1961 she married Edward Dery of Camrose. They have 3 children and are living in Edmonton.

Marion graduated at the Round Hill School and then worked at MacLeods in Camrose, later moving to Edmonton. She married Karl Peterson and they have 2 children.

Gary found school more difficult and quit after grade 9. Pete Sizer took him on a trip to Rycroft and Gary decided to stay there. He had a milk delivery route and later bought a section of land. He also worked for the Cau For saw mill at Hines Creek. He returned to Edmonton to be with his Mother and had several jobs. He is now with the Union Tractor as a heavy duty mechanic. He married Marilyn Pointkoski from Dinant and they are caretakers for an apartment.

Brenda attended the Round Hill School. After the family moved to Edmonton she became manager at 7 Eleven. Brenda still lives with her mother, and her little girl Jennifer. She. now works at a Red Rooster in Edmonton.

Debra attended Round Hill School and graduated from Bonnie Doone. She married Fred Meldrum of Magrath and she is working for Marsh and McLennan Insurance Company. Fred is a meat cutter for Safeway. They bought themselves a home in the Clairview District in Edmonton.

OLSON, Nils Oscar -On Sept. 28, 1935, Oscar and Margaret, daughter of Pete and Hattie Nelson of Kelsey, were married in Camrose. That year Oscar helped Pete with the harvest and after the crop was taken off Oscar and Margaret moved to Dinant where Oscar worked in the coal mine until Jan. 1937. Then Oscar and Johnny Paulson and another fellow took off in a Model T Ford heading for Vancouver looking for greener pastures, leaving Margaret and tiny daughter Velma, behind.

The snow was so plentiful that year that going through the mountains was impossible, so they had to go down into the States and then back up into Vancouver. When they got to Vancouver they bought themselves a lot and built a shack on it. They lived in this building for 2 or 3 days then they bought a stove for heating it. After carefully setting it up and getting it going they went out to the neighbors for a game of cards. Coming home they saw their home burning along with all their belongings.

Oscar went looking for a job, but there was no work to be found at this time. He kept looking and in the spring he still had no job. But he got lucky as his brother Hilmar had a job as whistle punk at the logging camp. Hjlmar seeing Oscar's problem having a wife and a baby, and another one on the way, gave Oscar his job not telling the boss. So the boss thought he was getting Hilmar but got Oscar instead. All was going well until Margaret came to B.C. She went to the lumber camp asking for Oscar, but no one worked there by that name she was told. What a lost feeling she had in a strange place by herself, and couldn't find her husband, but the boss was a kindly fellow and said he would see what he could do. Immediately he went and asked this HjImar Olson if he knew an Oscar and how he cold reach him and why. Then the truth was out. Oscar never lost his job, but he had to go into town to straighten the name thing out.

Two weeks later a second daughter was born Victoria. They lived in Vancouver until Aug. 1937, then moved back to Alberta where Oscar went working in the Dinant coal mine again.

In the spring of 1938 they moved back to the farm taking over from the late Mr. Pete Nelson. That year another daughter, Shirley, was born to them. But only after 7 short weeks of knowing and loving her, she was called to heaven.

Oscar's love for the work of a coal miner soon called him off the farm again so in the winter he worked in the mines and in summer he found work on the farms. He worked in the many towns mining and farming: Dinant, Heisler, Donalda, New Norway, Edberg. Margaret being the kind of wife she was, never complained about the moving around. She wanted to be with her husband and wanted her children to be with their father. Because of the moving around, a great number of good friends and acquaintances were made.

In 1956 they moved to Stettler and lived there for 5 years, Oscar working in the cement finishing business. In 1960 they moved to Camrose with Oscar helping Mr. Saide with the stuccoing business. Ten years ago Oscar retired and they bought a house in Camrose where they still live. Their 6 children have all married and have families of their own.

Their daughter Velma married Tom Wedgewood of Ohaton on Aug. 17, 1954, in Kelsey United Church. They were blessed with 2 sons and 2 daughters, Douglas married Helen and now lives In Edmonton. David married Wanda and lives in Stettler. Judy and Norma are both at home in Edmonton with their parents.

Victoria married Dennis Stenlund of Donalda on Oct. 26, 1956, in the Camrose United Church. They farm in the Donalda district and have 3 sons. Wayne is a mechanic in Donalda; Craig works with construction in Donalda, and Richard is still in school. All boys are still at home and help with the farming.

June married Milton Johnson of Donalda on Oct. 26, 1956, in the Camrose United Church. They farm in the Donalda district. They have 4 children, 2 girls and 2 boys. Jay works with electronics in Stettler, Nels works with seismic up north: Michelle is working as a policeman's helper in Calgary: and Veronica is still in school.

Vernon married Louise Hallman of Erskine on Nov. 11, 1960, in the United Church at Stettler. Their boys are a joy to them. Daniel and Kenneth are still at home. Roderick passed away at 15 months on July 4, 1963. Vernon has his own truck and makes across Canada hauls. They reside in Calgary.

Grace married Howard Sawers of Camrose on July 1, 1966, in Camrose United Church. They have 1 son, Leslie, and 2 daughters, Gloria and Wanda, who are all at home. Grace and Howard farmed many years in the Camrose district. In 1979 they sold their farm and bought another farm in the Holden district, where they still reside.

Roger married Donna Rachard on Oct. 15, 1968, in the Camrose United Church. They have 1 son. Troy, and 2 daughters, Ronnine and Tracy, who are all home. Roger and family have a home in Beaumont and Roger works for Stelco in Edmonton.

Oscar and Margaret are happy to have their family so close to them. Many family functions are centered around them and their home.

OLSON, Nora (Molvik) -Nora was born on Dec. 24, 1928 at Kingman, with the faithful midwife, Petra Simonson in attendance.

She was a happy girl with many friends. She supervised at Miquelon School before marrying Iver Olson of Armena. They lived at Armena and Round Hill, and later, when he became Pool Elevator agent, they moved to Sexsmith, Dimsdale, Dawson Creek and Castor. Then, in 1962, they moved to the farm at Beaverlodge, where they lived until Nora passed away on Dec. 5, 1975.

OLSON, Olaf - by Agnes Parry - Olaf was born in Norway on Jan. 19, 1881 and immigrated with his folks to South Dakota. In 1901 he came to Canada. The Olson and Johnson families were among the first settlers in the Dinant district, having arrived at the turn of the century from South Dakota.

Olaf Olson and Julia Johnson were married in 1904 and they took a homestead near First Miquelon Lake. In 1905 they moved to Bawlf and with his brother Ole operated a livery barn. In 1908 Olaf moved to Castor where he operated a livery barn until 1914, when the barn was destroyed by fire. He loved horses and could tell many stories relating to them. He owned race horses and drove a livery taking doctors to tend the sick, delivering babies, etc. He also had a mail route from Castor to Hannah.

He farmed at Castor until 1921, when the family moved to the Kingman district and bought the west half of 35-48-20. They farmed there until 1940, when he moved to Edmonton and with his 2 sons, Elmer and Arthur operated a garage.

Olaf and Julia raised a family of 3 sons and 7 daughters. They attended Bethlehem Church. Pretty Hill was their public school and the nearest high school was Kingman.

Olaf sold his farm to the Hutterites who soon cut down the windbreak of trees and tore down all the buildings. Julia passed away in 1937. Olaf passed away at the Good Samaritan Hospital in Edmonton on Aug. 23, 1970 at the age of 89 years. They are both buried in the Bethlehem Cemetery. Bertha, the oldest passed away at the age of 16, shortly after the family moved from Castor in 1921.

Elmer married Celia Parry and they had 3 children. Margy, Mrs. Colder lives in Edmonton. Earl lives in Calgary and Allan is in Edmonton. Elmer worked with his dad and learned to love horses. Many miles they traveled in the winter where there were no car roads. His favorites were the buckskins which he drove or rode. When Celia passed away, Elmer moved to Edmonton. He has remarried and still lives in Edmonton.

Mabel, Mrs. Proulx, had one daughter Marion. They live in Edmonton. Agnes, Mrs. Ted Parry, lives in Camrose and has 3 daughters. Lily Mae married Adolf Mulzet. They live in Camrose. June, (Mrs. Irving) and Carol, (Mrs. Wettlaufer) are living in Edmonton. Agnes worked as a seamstress at St. Mary's Hospital for 23 years. Ted worked for the Postal Department. They are now retired and living in Camrose.

Arthur married Madge Doherty of Vermilion. They have 4 sons: Ted, Raymond, George, and Ole and one daughter Judy, all living in Prince George, B.C. Arthur is ready for retirement after working a number of years with North Wood Lumber, operating a road grader.

Gladys (Mrs. Shonert) has one daughter Sharon. Gladys worked at the Hudson's Bay in Edmonton. Her husband passed away in 1967. She is now working for the Federal Government in Revenue Taxation. Irene married Tom Campbell and they live one and a half miles north of Round Hill. They have 6 children. Marilyn married Ken Olson of Camrose, Bernice married Willis Bolding of Bawlf, Vernon farms north of Round Hill. Linda married Bryan Simonson and they live in North Vancouver. Dwayne is field man at Provost and Eldon is studying to be a plumber and lives at Tofield.

Mildred, Mrs. Wimmil lives in Edmonton. She worked for Alberta Government Telephones for over 20 years. She has 2 children.

Alice (Mrs. Arne Nessel), lives in Edmonton and works at Birks Jewellry Store. She has 2 children.

Melford was the youngest. He died before he was 2 years old.

While the family still lived at Castor, Arthur suffered a serious accident. For some reason he put his hand into the feed grinder, his mitt got caught and his hand was dragged inward. Frantic, as the crunching pain tore bone and flesh, he attempted to pull it out with his other hand. It was also crushed. That was 58 years ago. He learned how to get along without hands. He attended Pretty Hill School and participated in all sports. The students admired his capabilities in handling the bat and catching balls.

As he grew up he learned how to handle horses, (sometimes as many as a 10 horse hitch), and machinery.

When he was in Edmonton, he took a course in welding and the social agencies decided that he needed a mechanical aid, but he found this to be a nuisance. In a car they froze to the wheel, making it more difficult to drive. He was labeled a handicapped and had trouble with government officials, allowing him to drive and work without the mechanical aid.

In early 1940's he got work at Fort Nelson hauling logs, by 1951 he was driving logging trucks, loaders, operating planers, resaw machines, and loading lumber. Buttoning and unbuttoning his shirts and rolling cigarettes is no problem for him. In repairing a gun, he could even manipulate those tiny screws into place. On his recent retirement from Northwood, he was given a special plaque and a standing ovation in his honor.

UPDATE -Elmer remarried after Celia Parry's death to Tress Van Hecke of Alliance. After the garage closed up Elmer hired on with CNR and remained there until his retirement. He enjoyed gardening, playing Norwegian Whist and crib. He was always excited to see his grandchildren.

They had three boys, Ken of Calgary, Don of Stony Plain and Bob of Edmonton. Ken is a chartered accountant currently married to Dorothy Neilson. He had four children: Jim, Mick (son Eric) of Calgary, Kevin and Kathy of Ontario. Don is retired from CNR and has two children Glenn and Denim both currently in secondary education. Bob also works for CNR has two daughters, Katy and Kim. Katy is entering secondary education and Kim is in junior high. (2002). Elmer and Tress have both passed.

Elmer's daughter Margy is now Mrs. Morley MacCalder of Pigeon Lake. She has four daughters, Barbara, Janet, Colleen and Laurie and has 8 grandchildren.

Mildred is Mrs. Winmill. Her children are Karen and Craig and she has four grandchildren. She is retired form AGT. She resides in Edmonton.

Earl now lives at Gull Lake. He is married to Marg. They have six children: Marina, David, Rhea, Doug, Karen and Brian and have numerous grandchildren. He worked for CP as public relations officer until his retirement.

Gladys resides with her daughter Sharon in Edmonton and is now retired. Irene, Agnes and Mabel have passed on.

OLSON, Olaf L.- by Oscar Olson- Mr. Olaf Olson, known as Ole, along with his wife Christeena and 2 daughters, Margaret and Martha, came to Canada from Stockholm, Sweden in 1903, and settled in the Erling district on their homestead.

Ten more children were blessed to this union, 6 sons and 4 daughters. Nils, known as Oscar, John, Hjalmar, Agnes (Mrs. Cereal Gochanour), Jenny (Mrs. Gerner Olsen), Alma (Mrs. G. Coles-), Clifford, Alfred, Vivian (Mrs. Adair Erickson) and Vernon. Vernon died when a baby, and Martha died when 29 years old.

Olaf and Christeena, along with their family moved off the homestead and into Dinant in 1925 where Olaf worked in the mine. Gust Olson, a brother of Olaf's, took over the homestead. The first house of Olaf and Christeena's was built by Olaf himself from logs and mud, and is still standing on the Gust Olson farmstead.

In the early years of homesteading they farmed with 3 horses and a walking plow. When the grain was ready to be harvested, it was cut with a scythe, and tied in bundles by hand and shucked (or stooked). The homestead was one quarter and not much of the land was cleared. The little grain that was harvested was used for feed for the milk cow and the horses.

The water well was dug by hand, using a pail and rope, and was 18 feet deep. After the well was cleaned out and ready for use, the water was also lifted by pail and rope. Their only town close by for supplies was Wetaskiwin. This trip by horse and wagon took a day each way. It was made about 10 times a year.

The house was a log cabin containing 1 room downstairs, 1 room upstairs, and a hole beneath the house for a cellar. Olaf also built a barn and a chicken house, cutting the logs himself and hauling them home by team and wagon for 10 miles. He did this all by himself as the boys were too young. After about 10 or 15 years a shanty was built on to the house and this was used for a kitchen. This kitchen was well supplied with many kinds of game, as hunting was one source of their food. A garden containing mostly potatoes, corn and carrots was always planted. Barley was roasted and then ground by hand and this was used for coffee.

School for the children was 4 miles away and they travelled there by horse and cutter. Oscar being older and much higher in grades (grade 5), had to leave home early in the morning and walk to school. He was janitor and had to have the fires going and the school warmed before the other students arrived. There were maybe 15 in the classroom in grades 1 to 8. After school Oscar had to clean the classroom, get more wood for the next day's fire, and perform the general duties of a janitor. He was fortunate as the younger ones would wait for him so he would get a ride home.

After school duties were also chores at home. They made sure there was wood cut and chopped and hauled in for the next day and water buckets filled. Days were long and hard and after supper, bed was a welcome thought.

home. They made sure there was wood cut and chopped, and hauled in for the next day and water buckets filled. Days were long and hard, and after supper bed was always a welcome thought. Christeena spun her wool for making socks, mitts, sweaters, and caps. The mattress was made of hay. The cloth covering was stitched here and there to keep the hay in place.

The post office was a half mile from the school towards home, so the mail was always picked up. At this time Bratruds handled the mail service.

A loving mother and wife, Christeena was sadly missed when she passed away in Sept. of 1939. At this time Olaf moved out to B.C, making his home with his sons and daughters who had moved out there earlier. There he worked splitting shakes for shingles until his passing on May 6, 1969, at the age of 91 years. He remained active and took a real interest in what was going on around him until his passing.

Olaf and Christeena leave as their family: Martha and husband, Roy Miller of Brea, California. They have 1 son, Bob. Bob and wife have 3 daughters. John, not married, lives in New Westminster. Agnes and husband Cereal Gochanour, of Czar, have 1 son and 3 daughters. Kenneth and wife Shirley have 2 daughters, Donna and Susan. Donna and husband, Dr. John Berzgal, have 1 daughter and live in Edmonton. Shirley and husband Gene Comis have 3 sons and 1 daughter, Kenneth, Darrell, Arthur, and Cheryl. Nola married Elbronne Brown and they have 4 daughters, Debbie, Barbara, Darlene, and Cindy. Beverly married Bill Pary and they have 3 sons and 2 daughters, Bradley, Russel, Marty, Chrissy, and Cheryl. Chrissy died when a baby. Husband and father, Cereal, of this family passed away in December 1978.

Jenny married Gerner Olsen of Donalda and they have 2 daughters and 1 son. Carol married Bob Waldo and lives in Cranbrook. They have 3 children, Terry, Cindy, and Derick. Valerie of Red Deer. Roger of Red Deer. Gerner and Jenny farmed many years in the Donalda district, then they moved to Camrose living there until the passing of Gerner on Dec.12, 1965. Jenny took her family to Red Deer at this time and still lives there.

Alma married George Coles of Vancouver and they have 3 children; Marie and husband of New Westminster; Georgette and husband Fred Zotman and three girls live in Vancouver; Vera is not married.

Clifford and wife Leona have 3 sons and 1 daughter. Dennis and wife have 3 children. Sharon and husband have 2 boys and 2 girls. Clifford is not married.

Alfred and wife, Lil, have 3 daughters and 1 son. Barbara and husband have 2 daughters. Merrilee and husband Dennis have 1 boy and 1 girl, Garry and Colleen. Carol and husband have 1 daughter and 1 son. Ron and wife have a girl and boy.

Vivian and husband Adair Erickson, have 1 daughter and 1 son. Verna and husband Bert, have 1 daughter, Becky, and 1 son, Wayne. Allan is at home.

Oscar and his wife Margaret of Camrose have 5 daughters and 2 sons: Velma, Victoria, Shirley, June, Vernon, Grace, and Roger. Velma and husband Tom of Edmonton have 2 sons and 2 daughters. Douglas and wife Helen live in Edmonton. David and wife Wanda reside in Stettler. Judy and Norma are at home. Victoria and husband Dennis of Donalda have 3 sons: Wayne, Craig, and Richard. Shirley died when 7 weeks old in Sept. of 1938. June and husband Milton have 2 sons and 2 daughters: Michelle, Veronica, Jay, and Nels. They farm at Donalda. Vernon and wife Louise have 3 sons: Roderick, Daniel, and Kenneth. They make their home in Calgary. Roderick passed away at the age of 15 months on July 14, 1963.

Grace married Howard Sawers. They farm at Holden and have 2 daughters, Gloria and Wanda, and 1 son Leslie.

Roger and wife Donna of Beaumont have 2 daughters, Ronnine and Tracy, and 1 son, Troy.

OLSON, Olaus - Mr. and Mrs. Olaus Olson emigrated from Norway to South Dakota in 1885. In 1900, Olaus and Ildri Olson, with their 5 sons. Ole, Olof, Martin, John, and Dedrick left Selby, South Dakota and arrived at Wetaskiwin, Alberta in early Dec. They had heard so much about Canada "The Land of Promise." and its large unsettled area.

Olaus homesteaded the N.E. 14-48-20. To reach their homestead from Wetaskiwin was no small task. Low areas were covered with water and there were sloughs everywhere. In many places they cut brush for corduroy to get the wagons over soft places. The Pipestone hill at Gwynne presented the most difficulty, to prevent the wagons from tipping over on the side hill going down and the long stiff climb up on the east side.

In the centre of his quarter Olaus built a 2 roomed log house, with an upstairs suitable for 3 beds. On the north side he built a frame leanto, part of which contained the Pretty Hill post office and the remainder was a small store. The area got it's name from the abundance and variety of flowers that grew everywhere. In 1905 Olaus got the patent to his homestead and eventually he owned the east half of 23-48-20.

The first church service was held at their home by Rev. Bersvend Anderson of Bardo. The first Ladies Aid was organized at the Olson home in the spring of 1904 with Mrs. Olson becoming the first Vice-President. Christian education for the children began in the summer of 1905 and Mr. Olson instructed these classes. When the Bethlehem Church was built it was perhaps named after the Bethlehem Cemetery near Selby, South Dakota, where two of Olaus's brothers and other Olson descendants are buried.

When the provisions of the School Ordinance for a school at Dinant came into effect, Olaus Olson was the Senior Trustee.

Olaus and Ildri celebrated their golden anniversary in 1929.

Olaus passed a away in March 1929 at the age of 75 years and Ildri lived with her sons Martin and Dick until her passing in April 1944 at the age of 88 years.

OLSON, Olof - by Mrs. Solfrid Williams - Olof Olson was born in Vesterbotten, Dorethea, Sweden in 1888 and came to Canada in 1910. Tyra Jansson was born in 1894 in Halsingland, Voxna and came to Canada in 1911. They both settled in Hay Lakes area and worked for Olofs brother-in-law, Eric Peter Nordin for a year or more. They got married and bought land near Kingman known as the Miquelon area.

They had 3 children, Sylvia (Mrs. George Williams) who passed away in 1946 and left 5 children, Edward, Laurence, Noreen, Mrs. Cork Neufeld of Tofield; Eileen, Mrs. John Worobetzs; and Nola of Edmonton. Clarence Olson sold the farm and moved to Camrose so no one lives on the home place. Solfrid Olson (Mrs. James Williams) farmed in the Woodlawn area and is now retired in Tofield. Solfrid's daughter Barbara, (Mrs. Kai Kristensen) lives in Tofield and has 2 sons Trevor and Terry.

I can vividly remember how hard my folks had to work, but we always had plenty to eat, never had to go hungry for the most essential food. Dad went trapping and hunting and sold animal furs, mainly muskrats.

For transportation we had a single buggy and horse. We would drive to Kingman to get our supplies for mother and the neighbor women would go to Tofield to buy what they needed. The roads were just trails with places where a car could not go.

Our home was always open to anybody that dropped in. The coffee pot was on the stove and Mother always gave something to eat even if it was only bread so people would drop in when they were hunting, knowing that they would get food. To heat our home we would burn wood. In later years we would drive to Round Hill for coal with sleigh and horses. Father would start out early in the morning and arrive home at dark. The horses had to rest often. When father got cold he would get off the load of coal and walk behind the sleigh to keep warm.

But it was not all bad or hard work. People had their get-togethers like going to dances and concerts, and enjoyed themselves.

OLSON, Salve(Sam) & Helga - Salve (Sam) and Helga Olson came to Canada in about 1898 and Sam went to work for Jim and Bud Wiesser near Bittern Lake. When the weather was good he cut down trees for rails to make fences, and in the winter, fed and cared for cattle, as well as "snaked" logs. While at this location, the second child, daughter Tilda Helene was born.

A small log house was built to shelter Helga and small son Ole who was born about 3 years before immigrating to Canada from the United States. He died in 1912.

Later Sam took up homesteading south of what later became the hamlet of Dinant. A second son, Haldor was born in 1905, the year Alberta came into being. Olive was born in 1913.

In 1913 the Dinant School was built and all the Olson children attended there until they went on to higher learning, Tilda and Haldor attended the Lutheran College in Camrose, Haldor going on to attend the school of Technology at Calgary. Olive went to Edmonton where she attended Concordia College.

In 1910 the Grand Trunk Railway laid a line from Camrose through to Edmonton and it cut right across the Olson farm, and a water tank was built there to provide water for the steam engines that pulled long trains loaded with coal from the Spicer and Dinant Coal Mines. During World War 1, many troop trains stopped to take on water for the troops as well as for the engines. Sam was made pumpman, a job which he held until the year 1937, when he sold the farm. He then moved to Shonts where he operated the pump station there until his retirement when he and Helga moved to Chase, B.C. There they lived until 1950 when Helga suffered a severe stroke. After selling their home there, they came to Camrose where their daughter Tilda lived. After a few years, it became necessary for them to take up residence at Bethany Home in Camrose where they spent the remaining years of their lives.

In 1920 Tilda married Fred Harris, a veteran of World War 1. They lived in Edmonton for a while and then went to Saskatchewan, where Fred was engaged in retail business. Two sons were born to them, John and Bill.

When World War II broke out, Fred enlisted with the Provost Corps, and John joined the 49th Edmonton regiment and went overseas in 1940. In 1943 John died of wounds in Italy. Bill joined the 13th field Regiment at Red Deer, the same year. He was invalided home after spending a considerable time in hospital in England. He spent some time in hospitals in Calgary and Edmonton and now lives in Calgary.

Not to be outdone, Tilda joined the Canadian Womens' Army Corps, and after receiving basic training at Vermilion, she was stationed at Calgary and attained the rank of Company Quartermaster Sergeant Major. After John's death she was released from duty to join Fred who had already been discharged from active duty because of indifferent health.

Fred passed away in 1955. Tilda then worked for a time at the Provincial Hospital in Ponoka until 1957, when she went to Calgary and worked for the Federal Government, until her retirement in 1965. In July of the same year she married Ernest Simper, and is now widowed and lives in retirement in Calgary.

OLSONBERG, Margarette Minnie - (Simonson) -On a bright October Sunday afternoon I arrived on the scene as a fifth member of the W. R. Simonson family, who were by now living in the Brocke home on the farm which they had purchased a few years earlier. Mr. and Mrs. Jenson were Sunday visitors and unexpectedly Mrs. Jenson had to act as midwife. My childhood was spent in the Bardo, Kingman and Camrose districts and later I spent some time in Grande Prairie as office nurse for a dentist.

July 1935, I married Selmer Olsonberg, a graduate of the Camrose Normal School, 1929, who had taught for 3 years at the Farmington School.

After our marriage we moved to Killam, Alberta, to take over the farming responsibilities for his mother who had just lost her husband. This turned out to be a total disaster. Two complete crop failures - the first year a devastating hailstorm "ten days after our marriage 1. completely destroyed crops and garden. Next year would be different, we were sure, so with high hopes we gave it another try, only to be worse. Drought hit and the seed grain did not even germinate. What-should-we-do" The decision was for Selmer to take up his teaching profession again farming was not for us.

Applications went out and a happy day when he received a reply from the Woodlawn School District in response to his application. He was hired for the "tremendous" sum of $750.00 a year. This was a very happy and rewarding year for both or us. A bit of money went a long way. To supplement our daily needs I milked a cow and fattened calves for sale purposes.

For us there were numerous moves as Selmer moved up the ladder from one school position to another. From the "Little One Roomed Red School House" to becoming Director of Personnel for the Edmonton Public School Board.

During most of these years I kept myself occupied by assisting with community and church activities as well as with all school functions.

August 1953 we moved to Edmonton and I entered the working force. The Polio epidemic was at its highest peak and the call of duty brought me back into the nursing area. A course in Physiotherapy gave me the responsibility for the Sister Kenny Unit and the Hubbard Tank treatments as well as various other exercises that were required by the patients. After 3 years I took a business course and became Section Head of the Teen Shoe Department for the Bay. A secretarial course gave me an easier position with the Edmonton Public School Board as guidance Secretary at Harry Ainley Composite School. I remained there until my retirement in 1975.

Since retirement Selmer and I have enjoyed numerous travels and are now making our retirement home in Camrose.

Our daughter Marlene McLeod lives in Edmonton and is employed at the W. W. Cross hospital in the Nuclear Division. She has 2 sons. Her oldest son was killed in a motor accident at the tender age of 17 years.

Our son Richard (Ric) also lives in Edmonton and owns his own car lot. He has one daughter.

OSNESS, by Alpha Osness -Mr. Weir Osness was born in Etne, near Stavanger, Norway, in 1857. He went to the United States in 1882 and in 1884 he married Lena Udstreen. They lived in IhIen, Minnesota where their 5 children were born, Victor, Albin, William, Miller, and Bertha. Mrs. Osness passed away in 1905.

Martha was born in Stordalen, Etne, Norway of parents Torkel and Margretta Frette on June 28, 1877. The family moved to Huxley, Iowa, U.S.A. In 1903 Martha married Knut Talbertson and they lived in Story City, Iowa where Torkel and Martin were born. Mr. Talbertson passed away Oct. 12, 1905.

Martha and Weir were married in 1907 and lived at Mien, Minnesota for 2 years. On Nov. 18, Lloyd Osness was born. In April, 1909, the family came to Camrose and lived there for a short time. They bought a half section of land SE 6-49-19-W4 near Kingman, called the Kingsbury land, and moved into the log house on the hill called Corn Hill. It was here the municipality got its name. It was also called Potato Hill. In 1911, Weir, Victor, and Albin built the square house at the present location. Judith and Margaret were born here.

Weir and the boys built a house for Tom Lowry the same year. Later they erected windmills for the neighbors. It was a very busy year.

Their property was thickly treed with young poplars and easy for a child to get lost in. Lloyd was missing and the search began. Even the hired help was called home from the fields. Returning home Lloyd was found fast asleep near the house.

Weir Osness was instrumental in starting the Salem Lutheran Congregation of the Hauge Synod on Apr. 26, 1910. He was the first president and also one of the first deacons. The first service was held at the Pretty Hill School, T. T. Carlson being the pastor. Some will remember Mr. Osness as a layman carry his little black bag containing his Bible, books, etc.

In 1936 they retired and moved to Camrose building his own house, with the help of his boys. He passed away in April, 1944 at the age of 81 years. Mrs. Osness moved to Bawlf and lived there as long as she was able to look after herself. Then she moved into Bethany home in Camrose where she lived until her passing Oct. 24, 1960 at the age of 83. Mr. and Mrs. Osness are both buried in the Camrose cemetery.

OSNESS, Albin - Albin and his wife Alice lived in Pipestone, Minnesota where they had a tire and retreading tire shop. They had no family and both are deceased.

Bertha married Kenneth Long, a photographer in Algoma, Iowa, and had 2 daughters, Laverll and Marcia. Bertha, Kenneth and Laverll passed away some years ago. Marcia still lives in Minneapolis.

Albin and Bertha were children of Lena and Weir.

OSNESS, Judith - Judith Osness, daughter of Martha and Weir, married Ray Kallevig and they live in Delta, B.C. where they have lived for many years. They have 1 son Donald and 3 daughters, Marlene, Verna and Lorraine and 7 grandchildren, all living in B.C. Donald married Verniel Grue, Verna is Mrs. Ted Ewachniuk, Lorraine is Mrs. Bob McKay.

OSNESS, Lloyd - Lloyd, son of Martha and Weir, came to Canada at the early age of 5 months. He grew up on the farm and went to school in Coal Hill and Kingman. He worked in the Searle Elevator in Round Hill for several years. Then he decided to further his education so attended Camrose Lutheran College ,later finishing his high school at Fergus Falls, Minnesota. He attended Augsburg College in Minneapolis and Lutheran seminary at St. Paul. In Oct. of 1945 he accepted his first call to Cyrus, Minnesota. In 1949 he accepted a call as chaplain for the Lutheran Deaconess Hospital in Chicago. He served there 18 years until the hospital was sold. In 1968 he accepted a call as assistant pastor at the Grace Lutheran Church Elmwood Park, Chicago, and also served as chaplain at the Bethesda Home in Chicago. After a very short illness he passed away Aug. 31, 1978 and was buried in Mt. Olivet Cemetery. He leaves his wife, Gladys, daughter Janet, his son Glen and wife Debbie and granddaughter Krista. Gladys and Janet moved to Bloomington, Minnesota, Glen and family still reside in west Chicago.

OSNESS, Torkel - Torkel was born in Story City, Iowa on Nov. 27, 1904 of parents Knut and Martha Talbertson. His father died Oct. 12, 1905 and in 1907 his mother married Weir Osness. Two years later Torkel came with his parents to Alberta and settled in the Kingman area SE 6-49-19. On April 5, 1936, he was united in marriage to Alpha Olson of Armena. To this union 3 daughters and 2 sons were born. Their first daughter born April 27, 1937 died at birth and is buried in the Kingman cemetery.

Torkel and Alpha lived on the home place until 1942 when it was sold to Joe and Hazel Wempe. They then moved to the Oscar Bard place where they farmed for 2 years (1942-1943). In March of 1944 they moved to the Vague place and in the fall of 1944 the University of Alberta, and is employed as manager of Radiology Services at the University Hospital. They are active members of Mt. Olivet Lutheran Church and in community affairs. The family enjoy camping golfing, and skiing, both water and snow.

David was born Dec. 18, 1944 a first grandson for Alpha's parents who already had 6 granddaughters. David started school in Kingman but was later transferred to Round Hill. He graduated from Round Hill High School in 1963. Two years later he graduated in Electronics at the Northern Alberta Institute of Technology. On June 1. 1968 David married Janice Skalin, youngest daughter of Alice and Clarence Skalin. David and Janice have 4 children. Daniel, James, Kerry and Lee. In 1973 David and Janice purchased the Skalin farm NW 19-48-19-W4 and are presently dairy farming. David had spent 14 years as an employee of Alberta Government Telephones but gave up this career to become a farmer.

Roger was born June 19, 1950 at St. Mary's Hospital in Camrose. He attended grade school in Kingman and High School in Round Hill and Edmonton. In 1968 he enrolled in a four year program in Computing Science at the University of Alberta in Edmonton. After working in Edmonton for several years he went to Calgary where he worked for Can Alta Data services for 3 years. He presently has his own computer consulting company in Edmonton.

The Osness family was involved in church activities ,Luther League, Girls' Chorus, Cubs, Scouts, music as well as other activities.

The Osness's opened their home to other children in later years. Daryl Pepin at the age of 7 joined the family in 1964. He spent 9 years here attending school in Kingman and Round Hill. Daryl excelled in sports during his school years, winning an award in wrestling. Daryl is presently working in Edmonton as a roofer. Donna and Danny Stauffer also stayed with the Osness family a number of years. Donna is married and lives in Edmonton.

We are thankful to God for the many happy years and memories we have of the time we spent in the Kingman area with our family and friends. Torkel passed away Sept. 24, 1971 in the University Hospital in Edmonton, and is buried in the Kingman cemetery. The farm was sold to Lawrence Van Sickle in 1973. Alpha resides in Camrose.

OSNESS, Victor - Victor Osness, son of Lena and Weir, married Lilly Hallgren in 1915 and farmed in the Kingman area for 4 years, and then moved to a farm four and a half miles southwest of Camrose. In 1953 he retired and moved to Camrose. Lilly Osness passed away Jan. 15, 1960 at the age of 68 years. They had 5 children, Bernice, Gladys, Lloyd, George, and Dorothy.

Bernice married Fred Barber, is now a widow and lives in Edmonton. Gladys married Charles Snowden and lived in Toronto. She is deceased. Lloyd married Virginia Vikse and lived on their farm south of Camrose. Lloyd passed away some years ago and Virginia is now Mrs. Don Aldercize and they live south of Camrose. George married Gladys Rasmussen and lives south of Camrose. George and sons have a construction company. Dorothy married Norman Phoftenhauer a pastor, and lives in San Francisco, California.

OSNESS, William - William and his wife Bob had a hardware store in Fulda, Minnesota. Both are deceased and their children, Vicky and Richard are both married and live in Minneapolis.

Miller Osness lived in Quill, Saskatchewan and passed away in Nov. 1979 at the age of 80 years. William and Miller were sons of Lena and Weir.

OSTBERG, Halston Johnson - by Margaret Schmidt - The last of the 1800's and the beginning of the 1900's saw many people succumb to the "American fever" which burned high and quenchless among relatives and friends in the Jamtland area as well as other parts of Sweden. The "Ostbergs" were no exception.

Halsten's eldest son Johan Alfred, generally referred to as Alfred Hallgren, with his wife Maria and family, and Alma Victoria (only daughter of Halsten and Mathilda) left for Canada in 1906. Alfred (Ostberg) Hallgren, settled in the Kingman area on what is now known as the Bronnum farm. Alma went to work in the Camrose area and later married Edwin Nordin, who lived on a farm 5 miles southeast of Camrose, Alberta.

Ostberg, Halsten Johnson his wife Mathilda Maria and another son Anders August immigrated to Canada in 1908. This venture proved to be an unhappy one for Mathilda, as her husband Halsten passed away shortly after coming to Camrose. Mathilda lived with her daughter Alma for awhile, then at Alfred's and August's and later with Karl and family before going to work for E. Rings. Then during the First World War she went to New Norway, Alberta, to work for E. Nordgren, whom she later married. They sold their section of land in New Norway and moved to Puyallup, Wash. and in 1920 moved to Clinton, Wash. where they remained until their passing.

OSTBERG, Anders August - Known as August, he went to work on the Grand Trunk Pacific Railroad going from Camrose to Tofield shortly after arrival in Canada, later going to Minnesota for a time. Upon his return to Alberta he bought a homestead at First Miquelon Lake - S.W. 12-20-49. This action prompted Johanna, his girl friend in Sweden, to come out and join him. They were married in Camrose, Sept. 9th. 1910.

They farmed here for 9 years, 9 busy years for them both, Johanna was a veterinarian which also meant a lot of walking. In 1919 they moved to Hockinson, Wash. U.S.A. where they bought 20 acres so they could again have livestock. Three of their four children were born here in Alberta, Helga, Arthur and Einar. Hilma (Evelyn) was born in Hockinson. Wash. August and Johann lived in Hockinson until her passing in 1949 at the age of 70 years. August then went to live with his son Arthur and his wife Jessie, who made their home in Portland, where he remained till shortly before Jessie's death, when he went to live with his daughter Helga in Oklahoma, until his passing in 1973, at the age of 95 years.

Ostberg. Helga married Roy Erickson and they make their home in Oklahoma. They have 2 children. both of whom are married. Bernice (Mrs. L. Kindall) lives in Colorado, and Vernon with his wife and 2 children make their home in Oklahoma.

Ostberg, Einar married Roy Erickson's sister Dorothy. They have one girl, Janice. They are making their home in Portland, Oregon.

Ostberg, Arthur and his second wife. are making their home in Coas Bay, Oregon.

Ostberg. Hilma (Evelyn) and her husband Harold Lahde have one daughter, Joeann, also make their home in Portland, Oregon.

OSTBERG, (Eastberg) Karl M. E. - his wife Ingeborg, their 2 children, Jonas and Tilda (Tillie) left relatives and friends in Mordsjon. Stugon, Jamtland, June 11, 1912, for Trondhjem, Norway, the beginning of a long tiring Journey (especially for Ingeborg who was deaf) to a new land.

In Trondhjem, they boarded a boat that took them to Hull, England. Then they went by train to Liverpool where the Allen Liners "Virginia" was to be their abode while crossing the Atlantic. They checked through immigration office in Quebec, July 27. 1912, then boarded the train which made stopovers in Kenora, Winnipeg, Regina, Calgary, Wetaskiwin, before finally coming to Camrose, Aug. 12, 1912. Mr. John Larson was at the depot, and recognizing some one from his native land, invited them home for lunch. This was an unexpected treat. Mr. and Mrs. Ed. Nordin (Karl's sister) came to Larson's to get them, where they stayed till harvesting was over that fall. During that time Karl had made a trip to Kingman to visit his brother Alfred, who homesteaded what IS now the Haddon Bronnum place. It was here that Mr. Anders Olson met him and took him to see the homestead that he was to buy. There were no roads west of Alfred's, so this trip had to be made on foot.

The first winter in Canada was spent with Alfred's, whi le Karl worked out to buy a cow, and other necessities. The l6th of Jan., 1913. he began cutting the logs for their 16 foot by 20 foot house, and began building March 20th. By the 4th of June they were able to move in. Aug. 14th the 54 foot by 16 foot barn was completed. This was soon filled when Mr. Jonas Nelson asked to leave his cows there, and they became the responsibility of Ingeborg and Tilda. The total cost was $7.00 for house and barn. (windows).

Along with normal farm duties of milking, haying, butter making, tending chickens, and sheep was the carding, spinning, weaving and knitting of the wool sheared from their flock of sheep. Karl had made a loom, like the one Ingeborg had left behind in Sweden, and on this most of the clothing was made, other than what was made from flour sacks.

Per L. Winder (foreman), Alfred, Karl, and Jonas spent a good deal of their time clearing land for roads, etc. The road to Mickelsons was completed June 28, 1922 - Karl netting $30.31.

Miquelon School was opened in 1913, pupils being Peter, Hilma. Esther Winder. Tilda and Jonas Ostberg, - shoes were a luxury and only worn in very cold weather.

After 39 years on the farm, Karl and Ingeborg moved into Kingman - 1952. In 1956 they celebrated their 50th Anniversary and 3 years later Ingeborg passed from this life at the age of 78 years. In 1972 Karl, at 88 years of age, passed away in Bethany Nursing Home in Camrose.

OSTBERG, Jonas - after leaving home spent his years working at different farms in the area, among them H. Nordfelts. The last few years before his passing in 1968, were spent in Youngstown R.V.H. Youngstown.

OSTBERG, Tilda (Tillie) - married Per (Peter) G. son of Per Lars and Margaret Winder. They made their first home in a one-roomed log cabin built by Hilder Johnson. (now the R. Haselgruber place.)

They did a great deal of hunting and trapping, and would often come home with their boot tops tucked full of pelts. Many evenings were spent cleaning and stretching hides.

Both Tillie and Peter loved music and often travelled many miles on horseback to join in a choir practise. Peter was a self-taught musician. could play any instrument. particularly the violin.

In the late 20's and early 30's, Peter and his brother Eric owned and operated a steel wheel tractor and threshing machine, travelling around the country harvesting for many of the farmers. The year "Sunny Boy Cereal" came out, he even did a little experimental farming, - flax, garlic. Peter also operated a cream route to Hay Lakes and Camrose, picking up groceries at Lawrence's store in Camrose to take back for his customers. By May of 1936 they decided to quit farming and moved to New Westminster, British Columbia. H. Anderson took over the cream route. The livestock was sold (cows brought $8.00 each.) The stove and sewing machine, along with a few other necessities, were loaded on the truck. Mr. and Mrs. Knut Peterson, their 3 children travelled with them so the possessions and passengers were divided between the two vehicles.

In B.C. their interest turned to fishing, Peter and Knut bought a boat and spent the summer net fishing salmon for the canneries. That is when they weren't mending nets! Mother learned to cook fish 200 different ways!

Late in Nov. of 1937, Peter, Tillie and family returned to Alberta. By the end of January Peter got double pneumonia and died 9 days later - there was no penicillin in those days. In order to support her family Tillie cut and sold timber for the coal mine in Round Hill and cut fence posts. Thus she gradually built up livestock. etc. and in 1942 she was able to buy the NE-34-49-20-W4.

In 1959 Tillie moved to Kingman in order to help her parents where she is still residing.

Heritage; earliest memories are of Dad spending much time in prayer and reading God's word. Conversation about spiritual things was not reserved for Sundays only, but every part of life was related to God's principles. Often heard - "Only one life, twill soon be passed. Only what's done for Christ will last. "

The family of Peter and Tillie Winder: Magnus Emanuel - (died in infancy) Margaret Evelyn and Leonard Emanuel.

OVALDSON, Andrew & Anne - Andrew was the only son of Thor and Anne Oveldson, who got married. His wife was Anne Matattal. They had 9 children: Pearl (Mrs. Art Demers, Penticton, B.C.). Violet (Mrs. Robert Rasmussen, deceased), Carolyn (Mrs. Ivan Spencer, deceased), Dorothy (Mrs. Roy Whillans,) Tofield, Leslie (deceased), Harold (deceased), Raymond (Jasper, Alberta), Leonard (killed in action 1944 in Belgium), Kenneth (Sherwood Park, Alberta).

Andrew and Anne homesteaded a quarter section south of Kingman, now owned by W. B. Bjorgum. They sold out and moved to Tofield, then moved back to Kingman in 1922 and farmed the N. E. 1/4 of section 12. In 1932 they bought a quarter section of land in the Miquelon district, N.E. 1/4-35-49-20-W4.

Ann passed away in July, 1942. Andrew farmed by himself until 1950 and then moved to Kingman. He passed away in February, 1959.

OVALDSON, Thore & Anne - In 1894, Thore and Anne Ovaldson, with their family, moved from Moorehead, Minnesota to Kingman, Alberta.

The Ovaldson family were: Anne (Mrs. Hans Simonson), Sophie (Mrs. Dumont), Clara (Mrs. Bolsang). Julia (Mrs. Sam Nomeland), Andrew, Oveld and Olaus. Some spelled the name - Oveldson, it was later changed to Ovelson.

They homesteaded the land now owned by Leonard Wideman. They later moved from the farm into the hamlet of Kingman. Thore passed away in 1925 and Anne in 1928. Their house was occupied by Oveld and Olaus until their passing, and then sold to a niece, Mrs. Hilda Simpson.

OVELSON, Kenneth - Kenneth V. Ovelson, youngest son of Mr. and Mrs. Andrew Ovelson, grew up on a farm 2 miles east of Miquelon school. The Ken Ovelson's now live in Sherwood Park, Alberta.

Ken is self employed. He operates a plastic and manufacturing business as well as a consulting business for several oil companies.

His wife, Martha Ovelson retired from teaching in June 1978 after 32 1/2 years. She taught in Miquelon (1944-1945), and in Kingman (1945-46) and again from (1949-1957) and 20 years in Edmonton.

They have 2 children, Madeleine and Donald. Madeleine (Mae Common) married James Common of Edmonton. They attended High School and university together. Madeleine taught for 4 years. James is director of Preventive Social Service for the county of Strathcona. They have 2 children, Mark 7, and Lana 4. They live on an acreage near the Alberta Game Farm.

Donald Ovelson is self employed. He lives in Edmonton and is still a bachelor. He plans to return to University and complete his degree in commerce.

The Ovelson family have many fond memories of Kingman and often recall incidents that happened, and relive the good old days When they lived there.

OVELSON, Raymond & Esther - by Esther Ovelson - Raymond had joined the Armed Forces in January of 1941 and in 1942 we were married. Our first daughter, Doreen, was born before he was sent overseas. I stayed home with Mother to help her through her illness. Ray came home in Dec. of 1945 and was discharged Jan. 31, 1946.

We took up farming for a few years on the Arthur Hoflin farm (now owned by Harley Schmidt). But, in Nov. 1949, we had an auction sale and sold the farm. With our family of 3, Doreen, Dennis, and Leonard, we moved to Aldergrove, B.C. Ray worked as a mechanic in the Aldergrove Garage where he met Oliver Thompson, who pursuaded us to move back to Kingman. In 1953, back in Kingman, Ray went to work for Oliver. Times were not easy so I rented and ran Hugo's Cafe for 2 years. It was in 1954 that Peggy was born. In 1955 we bought Erik Erickson's house and by 1963, we had dug a new basement and rebuilt the house. This place is now owned by Wesley Ingram.

In 1958 Beverly was born. Now we had 2 sons and 3 daughters.

In 1964, we started a coffee shop in John Holte's store. It was called Esther's coffee Bar and a pile of coffee we went through, that's for sure! However, as Kingman grew smaller, the elevators were being torn down and the trains no longer went through, it was almost impossible to make a living. So, in Nov. 1968, we moved to Jasper, Alberta. Until 1974, Ray was employed at Brewster Transport Service Station as mechanic and then as manager. I was employed at Seton General Hospital - housekeeping staff. We then spent a year in Creston, B.C. where Ray worked at a hockey rink. Next, it was 2 years in Tofield with Ray managing the Texaco Service Station. In 1976, we moved back to Jasper. Ray is back at Brewster Transport Service station and I'm at the hospital again.

We have a family of five: Our oldest daughter Doreen married John Marciszyn in 1964. They are residing in Hinton where John is employed as an accountant at the St. Regis Pulp and Power Plant. They have 3 children, Carole 15 years, twins Donald and Donna 14 years.

Dennis was married in 1973 to Patricia Boyko of Tofield. He is the manager of Legrand Oilfields Services Ltd. in Drayton Valley, Alberta. They have a family of 2, Lester, 4 years and Angela 2 years.

Leonard married Susan Boyko of Tofield in 1974. They reside in Hinton where he is a mechanic at Yellowhead Esso. Susan is a stenographer at Acklands Limited.

Peggy married Murdock Bowen of Jasper in 1972. They reside there where he is employed as foreman in the shops for the C.N.R. They have 2 sons, Curtis 3 years old and Scott 4 and a 1/2 months.

Beverly is unmarried and lives In Jasper. She works for Mountain Esso Self-Service.

PALM, Johan & Marit - Johan Palm left his Langsele home in Vasternorrlandslan, Sweden, when he was about 18 years old. For about 29 years he worked in Norway's damp copper mines, first in the northern centers of Bodo, Lofoten, and Moeiron and, after he was married, at Kvikne and Oppdal. In 1907, he married Marit Drovalsmo (or Hansdotter) of Haltdalen, and in the ensuing years came home periodically on short leaves to visit his growing family, namely Hans, Dorthea, Edvin, Signe, Albin and Peder.

Hans remembers fishing in and skating on the Gaula River by Haltdalen. He spent some summers herding relatives' cattle on the mountain slopes (called satra). Some winters the heavy snows avalanched over the railroad track and into the canyons. Hans occasionally got work to clear the snow from the track. A relative living in Minneapolis secured farm work for Hans in Wisconsin. But while he waited for the immigration quota to admit him, his father decided that all the family should emigrate and they didn't have to wait for admittance to Canada.

Johan and Hans travelled to Trondheim to obtain their passports. They had a brief visit with Dorthea who was working in a home there. On May 17, 1926, Norway's Independence Day celebration, Johan and Hans left the family in Haltdalen to sail from Bergen to Newcastle, cross England by train, and board the Cunard Line boat, Arania, at Liverpool for the Atlantic Ocean crossing to Quebec City. There they proceeded by train to Winnipeg. The Immigration Office obtained work for them in a Prince Albert sawmill. But when they arrived at Prince Albert, they were sent to Birch Hills where a Hoey farmer, Bastness, met them at the station. Bastness first took them to a community picnic at the Salem Lutheran Church at Hagen. On the Hominess farm, Johan and Hans were impressed by the deep, rich, black loam soil, so different from the shallow red mountain soil in Norway.

After clearing brush for 2 months for Bastness the men departed to Edmonton to clear land for 3 weeks. Finally, they reached Camrose, their ultimate goal when they left Norway. The Steen brothers first hired them to stucco. One day Johan met Edward Lyseng on the street. Hans had been sick with rheumatic fever for some time. At Lysengs he could rest while his father worked in the haying and harvest fields. Hans tried to stock grain but then became afflicted with pleurisy. On a Sunday morning Doctor Nordbye had him sit up on a chair in the hospital while the doctor punctured his back to drain his lungs. As soon as he was well enough, Hans moved from Lysengs to work during the winter and next spring at George and Magda Hendricksons. Johan stayed at Lysengs to work at the same time.

In the fall of 1927, Johan bought NE-36-48-21W4 from Mr. Shawaka, which was previously pioneered by the Peter Selins. In Mar. 1928, Johan borrowed money to send for his family in Norway. When they stepped off the train in Armena and into the bobsleigh, they were first taken to Lysengs for a big dinner, after which they proceeded to their new home in the Peter Selin log house. Various neighhours provided them with food and some household comforts. They had a cow or two and a bountiful supply of meat from prairie chickens. Johan did small jobs for other people at the same time as he farmed the 80 acres broken on his own land. Dorthea worked in John Walker's home in Armena while the younger children attended Brandland School, a distance of 3 miles to walk from home.

Hans returned from Hendricksons to work at Lysengs for 3 more years. Then he was employed one spring at Loveseths before he rented land from 2 separate farmers for 2 years. He leased the C. P. R. half-section for another 2 years before buying it in 1936. Edvin joined him on the farm until 1942 when the army called the younger brother to service.

Edvin trained in Camrose and Brandon before sailing to England. He participated in D-Day operations on the Normandy beach, then he marched to fight in the disastrous Battle of Caen in July, 1944, where he was killed in action. The Camrose Legion has his name listed on its War Memorial Monument.

Peter trained in the Vernon and Prince Albert army camps. Then he returned to work and live in Vernon. Dorothy married Alvin Forsen, and Signe married Chall Johnson who also had trained in the army. In 1943, Hans married Blanche Hanson who died in 1954. He was later married to Louise Erickson. Albin married Agnes Johnson and took over the farm from his parents who retired to live in Camrose. They have 2 daughters Eunice and Diane. In his, later years, Johan suffered severe knee arthritis as a result of working in the damp Norway mines. He died in Nov. 1968, having attained the age of almost 90 years. Marit followed him in death only 13 months later. In 1967, the couple had celebrated their 60th Wedding Anniversary.

PATRICK, Annie (Kozak) - I am the eldest child of Tom and Marie Kozack of Kingman, Alberta. I was born at Rabbit Hill, Alberta and lived on the farm at Kingman with my parents until I married.

In 1927 1 married Joe Patrick of Round Hill, Alberta. We lived in Round Hill until 1954. While there, my husband worked for nearby farmers, the local coal mines, and rented farm land. In 1953 we had an auction sale and moved our present house into Camrose, Alberta, where I now reside. My husband worked for the City of Camrose until his retirement in 1973, and I worked at St. Mary's Hospital in Camrose until my retirement in 1970.

My husband passed away in 1976.

1 have 4 children, Gladys, Rudy, Elmer and Ernie. Gladys married Bill Douglas and they live at Dried Meat Lake, Alberta. Rudy married Mavis Krogen and they live at Calgary. Alberta. Elmer married Joyce Fish and their home is at Hinton, Alberta. Ernie married Barbara Macdonald and they live at Wetaskiwin, Alberta. At present I have 10 grandchildren and 8 great-grandchildren.

PATTERSON, Robert & Agnes - I was born in Cold Lake, Alberta to Robert and Elizabeth Patterson (nee Lapine). My father had immigrated to Canada from Aberdeen, Scotland in his early twenties. He was seriously wounded during the first world War and never fully recovered. My mother was born in Saskatchewan where her father was a trapper and fisherman. Her maternal grandfather was an interpreter for the northwest Mounted Police with the Cree Indians.

Agnes was born in Daysland to Eloy and Ethel Kienitz. Mr. Kienitz was sent overseas at the beginning of the second World War, so the rest of the family moved to Grande Centre to be near Mrs. Kienitz's family.

I played ball while Agnes and my 3 sisters were a good cheering section. After a courtship spent at ball games, we were married in Cold Lake on Oct. 15, 1952. Would you believe it snowed three or four inches by evening and the roads were glare Ice.

We lived in Grand Centre where our children Robert, Sandra, Laurie, James, Andrew and Janice were born. Later we moved to the farm. Agnes worked in an upholstery shop and I in a wood finishing department.

In 1969 I hauled milk from New Sarepta to Camrose so we moved to a house in the Rollyview area. Later I drove the bus taking Kingman high school children to the Composite School in Camrose.

In 1974 we purchased the International Store and found the basement had water in it. so we had to remodel everything. We moved in Nov., after replacing many broken windows. One night, not long after moving in, something ran across the foot of our bed which was still a mattress on the floor, in what is now called the kitchen. Thinking it was our Siamese cat we went back to sleep. In the morning Agnes couldn't find one of her shoes. She finally saw it in the bathroom behind the toilet so reached for it, only to have something leap at her hand. She screamed and a half grown muskrat made a bee line for the basement. It must have fallen in through the broken basement window. The boys finally caught the muskrat and took it to the slough.

Work continued on the building and we began doing upholstery work and wood refinishing. Things were getting too busy for 2 people, so in July 1976 Nola Flemming started in the shop.

Agnes and I celebrated our 25th Wedding Anniversary in 1977. As a honeymoon we spent 6 weeks in New Zealand and Australia. A dream that came true after writing to pen pals there.

Robert Jr. received his plumbers ticket. He married Colleen Rein from Sherwood Park and lives in Edmonton. Sandra graduated from nurses training in Lethbridge and works in the Daysland hospital. In 1979 she married Alan Sommer from Heisler. Laurie went to Northern Alberta Institute of Technology and took an Interior design course and now works in Edmonton. Jim is an apprentice mechanic in Camrose, Andy an apprentice plumber in Edmonton, and Janice attends Camrose Composite High School and is planning a hair styling career.

We are now into 1980. What does it hold for us? Today is tomorrow's history.

PATTISON, Will & Marion - I was born in Camrose, Alberta, Jan. 30, 1946, and lived 4 miles west of Edberg until I was 7. I moved with my parents, Herman and Delia Swanson, and older sister Jane, to a farm one-half mile east of Kingman. April 25th the next spring, many neighbours arrived in the evening for a welcome party as well as a birthday party for Dad.

I attended Kingman School for grades 2 through 9, and Round Hill School for high school, Our family worshipped in the local Baptist Church. During the summer one week was usually spent at the third Miquelon Lake Bible Camp. During the school months, I attended the weekly Pioneer Girls' Club which was held in the parsonage, now Asp's Draperies.

In the fall of 1964 1 enrolled at the University of Alberta and received my B.Sc. in Public Nursing in 1969.

While at the university I met Will, who was enrolled in the Faculty of Agriculture. He was born and raised in the Leslieville district near Rocky Mountain House, Alberta. We were married Aug. 31, 1968. After completing his Master's Degree in Agricultural Economics. Will was employed by Alberta Agriculture from 1969 to 1974.

We moved from Edmonton to Kingman in May 1971. and lived on Conrad and Eileen Simonson's farm three quarters of a mile north of the Kingman Cemetery. Marilea, born Oct. 2, 1970, was 7 months old when we moved to the farm. Steven was born Nov. 13, 1972, while we lived on Conrad's farm. We have many happy memories of life at this place, including two community penny carnivals and Christmas Story reenactment by the Sunday School. We hauled the household water in 8 gallon cans as no drinking water was available on the farm. However, what we lacked in water we made up for in heat. Though the house was old and not well insulated in places, all we had to do was "turn up the valve" on the private gas well Conrad had developed some years previously.

December 3, 1974, we moved to our own farm 4 miles south of Kingman, where we now live (S.E.-29-48-19-4) purchased from Anton Huculak, of Drumheller. This seemed a bit like homesteading as we cleared the bush for our home, barnyard, and corrals. The log barn we have was originally built at the Red Deer River Ranger station west of Sundre about 1940. We took it apart, moved it and rebuilt it here. Included was the "barn shingling bee".

Our third child, Karen, was born Aug. 23, 1977. This community has become home to us. We appreciate living here amongst our many friends and neighbours.

PAULSON, Lloyd - Lloyd Paulson, son of Carl and Ethel Paulson who farmed 2 miles north of Armena, and his wife Marian from Ontario, moved into 2 rooms built onto the Alberta Wheat Pool office in Dinant in the summer of 1947. He served as the Wheat Pool Agent there until the spring of 1949 when the elevator was taken over by the U.G.G. agent. At this time Lloyd and family were transferred to the Pool elevator at Garden Plain, Alberta. Lloyd left the company in 1949 and went to work in the oil fields. In May of 1953 he was employed by Esso Resources and has been with that company ever since. For the past 23 and a half years, Lloyd and Marian have resided in Red Deer, Lloyd working in the Joffre oil fields.

While at Dinant, a daughter Dianne was born in Jan. of 1948. She married Brian Ratledge and is presently living in Red Deer with their 3 children, Jason, Mari Ann and Adam .A son Ron was born at Redwater in March of 1951. He is employed by Alberta Energy Conservation Board and also lives in Red Deer with his wife Donna and daughter Sarah.

UPDATE- Dianne & Brian were divorced in 1979 and she remarried Bill Taylor, the children were legally adopted and are now Taylors. Lloyd Paulson passed away in the early 1990's and Dianne in June of 1995.

PEARSON, Annie - Annie Josephine was born at Dinant on Nov. 15, 1915. She took most of her schooling in Dinant with the exception of a short while at Kalowy.

She was always such a loving child, and was so different from the rest of us as her hair was jet black and ours was fair. She passed away at St. Mary's Hospital, Camrose at the age of 13 years and is buried in the Lake Demay cemetery.

PEARSON, Clifford - Clifford Albert, son of Eric and Alida Pearson, was born in Dinant in 1924. He attended schools in Round Hill and Tofield.

Clifford served with the Canadian Forces for 30 years. He is now retired and living in Union Bay, Vancouver Island.

On December 23, 1943, he married C.W.A.C. Isabel Ferris from Provost, and they have 4 children.

Alan, a geologist has been with the Western Mines for the past 10 years. He is married, and they have 3 sons, Richard, Michael and Stephen, and live at Campbell River.

Colleen married Ward Fleharty and lives in Columbia, Maryland, where Ward is a programmer in Data Processing. They have 3 children, Kim, Vickie and John.

Eric and Susanne live in Toronto, Ontario, where Eric works as an accountant. They have 4 girls, Corrina, Angela, Nicky, and Jennifer.

Janice and Jim Petersen live in Union Bay, where they are owner operators of the Union Bay Market. They have 2 boys, Brook and Ryan.

PEARSON, Eric Bertil - Eric was born in Hassola, Halsingland, Sweden on April 10, 1911 and came to Canada with his parents in 1914.

He took all his schooling in Dinant, and many will remember how Eric always wanted to be the boss at school. Many times he used to chase the boys into the outside toilet and stand right there. If they made promises that suited him, they could come out, otherwise they stayed there until the bell rang.

Eric went to Ontario to work in the mines, and married Jean Mageau of Timmins, Ontario, Oct. 1937. To this union 2 children were born. Linda and Harold.

Eric served for 5 years overseas in the last war and was wounded in Italy.

Eric had the misfortune to drown in Red Lake, Ontario. This occurred shortly after his return from overseas. He was buried with full military honors by the Canadian Legion at Timmins, Ontario.

PEARSON, Harold - by Alice Pearson - Harold John, son of Eric and Margaret Pearson, was born at Dinant on Dec. 8, 1922.

He attended school in Tofield. At the age of 15 years, he moved to Round Hill, where he worked for farmers in the area.

He joined the army in World War II and served in England, France, Belgium and Holland. He was wounded within sight of the German border in 1945. On his release from hospital, he married Alice Baker of Surrey, England on May 29, 1945.

He came back to Canada Jan. 1946 and was discharged later that year. In Nov. his wife joined him and they lived in a little house across from Richard Foss, for whom he worked. They then moved to Round Hill where he worked in the coal mine until it closed and got a job at the cheese factory.

Their first son Peter John was born at St. Mary's Hospital on Mar. 31, 1948 - Elizabeth Ann, Apr. 7, 1949 - Joan, June 15, 1950 and David George, Nov. 13, 1952. The following year the family moved to Warburg where Harold made pasturized cheese for 2 years.

Another son, Martin was born at the Royal Alex Hosp. in Edmonton on may 26, 1954. In 1955 they moved back to their own house in Round Hill where he went back to work for N.A. Dairy Pool cheese factory. On Sept. 23, 1957 Brian was born - Melodie Jane, Sept. 1, 1958 - Keith born Feb.17, 1960 and mary Jane, May 29, 1962.

In Nov. 1960 the cheese factory was closed and Harold was transferred to the Dairy pool factory in Bruderheim. On June 24, 1964 their youngest son Dale Clifford was born at the Archer Memorial Hosp. in Lamont. Harold continued making cheese until the early 1970's. It was good cheese too, as people came for miles to buy Bruderheim cheese. When the head office decided to modernize, the cheese was cut and wrapped in plastic, the pleasure of sampling before buying was lost. For a few reasons Harold quit making cheese and worked part time in the feed mill until he suffered a stroke which left him in a wheel chair, he only had the use of 1 arm and leg.

From Lamont Hosp. he went to the Veterans Home in Edmonton where he kept busy doing some carpentry work and Red Cross handicrafts. He also did a lot of work for the A.A. On June 24, 1979 at his daughter Joan's, where they were to leave for a family reunion, he suffered a fatal heart attack. He had a military funeral and burial at Bethlehem Lutheran Cemetery at Bruderheim.

Peter married Sophie Turner of Fort Saskatchewan, they have 2 daughters, Tammy Ann and Dawn Patricia. Peter is supervisor of Johns Manville Plant in Fort Saskatchewan.

Elizabeth married Edwin Kuhn of Barrhead, they live in St. Albert and have 1 son Sheldon Christopher. She is kept busy with church work.

Joan married Clifford Reihl from Manitoba, they live in Edmonton with 2 children, Richard Dale and Jared Clifford.

David married Doris Patenande of Caslan, they live near Edmonton with 2 sons, Mathew David and Mark. David drives a truck delivering drywall.

Martin married Carol Sawatsky of Bruderheim, they live in Redwater and he works in the Wheat Pool elevator at Fort Saskatchewan. They have a son Jason Lee and a darling daughter, Christine Vania.

Melodie lives in Edmonton and works in a govt. office. Keith lives in Fort Saskatchewan and works in the Chemical plant. Mary, Dale and Brian are still at home.

Although Harold is gone he will not be forgotten as he left 10 children who are trying to teach their children to love the brush, wildlife and hockey, as he did. When the little ones come home it's not long before they get the sawed off hockey sticks and are shooting a ball or peice of plastic around the room. If they keep it up maybe we'll have a hockey player in the family yet.

PEARSON, Henry - Henry Carl, son of Eric and Margaret Pearson was born at Dinant on Sept. 17, 1919. He took his schooling in Kalowy, near Round Hill.

In 1941 he went overseas to serve in the Armed Forces. He met Marion Elizabeth Ross from London, England, and on Oct. 8, 1944 they were married, they have 5 children.

Jaqueline Elizabeth born Feb. 17, 1945 is married to Don O'Neil and lives in Grand Rapids, Minnesota. Don drives truck for an oil company, they have 1 daughter, Jodi.

John was born Aug. 7, 1947, he is not married and lives in Spruce Grove where he is partsman for Grove Pontiac.

Richard Henry, born Jan. 15, 1949 is married to Corrine Johnson They live in Edmonton, Richard drives a gravel truck. They have 2 children, Lisa and Darren.

Bonnie born Sept. 14, 1951 is married to Dennis Yost, they live in Lethbridge where Dennis is a used car salesman. They have twin daughters Shauna and Sherri and a son Jason.

Susan Gay was born May 2, 1953 and married Gordon Anderson. They live in Edmonton where Gordon works on construction, they have 2 children, Cori and Gordon.

Husband and father Henry Carl passed away on May 5, 1965.

PEARSON, John Eric - by Carrie Henry - John Eric Pearson was born at Lamingstjarn, Hassola, Sweden, on Mar. 10, 1885. On Jan. 13, 1910 he married Margaret Alida Backvall who was born in Rigberg, Hassola, Sweden on July 8, 1891. With their 3 oldest children they immigrated to Canada in Mar. 1914 and settled in Camrose.

Dad first worked for Charlie nord who had a farm east of Camrose. In 1916 they moved to Dinant where Dad worked for O. Skogman on the farm. He then got work at the coal mine where he worked for many years. Dad was an ardent coal miner and also worked in the Round Hill Colleries, Tofield mine and Round Hill Red Flame mine. Mother was a homebody and spent most of her time with the family. To this union were born 9 children.

Dad retired in 1954 and they moved to Camrose where he passed away on Mar. 19, 1955. Mother passed away on Aug. 27, 1970 after a lengthy illness. They are both buried in the Round Hill cemetery.

PEDERSON, C. O. - by Ervin & Rose Pederson - My mother, Thea Tollefson was born Sept. 8, 1883 close to Vining, Minnesota. She came from a large family. Most of the family members came to Alberta in the early 1900's.

Dad, Christ Pederson was born at Leaf Mountain, Minnesota, Oct. 14, 1876. On Mar. 26, 1907 Christ married Thea in Fergus Falls, MN. Later that spring they moved to hampden, North Dakota where Dad bought land. The 3 children born there were Gladys on Aug.23, 1908, Clifford, Apr. 18, 1911 and Ervin Dec. 1, 1913. They farmed there until the fall of 1923. The last winter had been very bad so Dad said " It will be my last on the prairies" and it was. A move was made to California where 3 nice years were spent.

In the spring of 1926 we decided to come to Alberta to visit mother's 2 brothers and 2 sisters. We arrived in Camrose the later part of May and stayed with Anne Anderson and family. Later we came to Kingman to vist Gilbert and Emma Tollefson and Edwin and Elna Tollefson. We also visited Ed Thompson's, mothers aunt and uncle. It was a good crop year with lots of rain so Pederson's decided to stay in Alberta. Dad bought a tractor and grain seperator and threshed in the area for a few more years. Land was rented west of town in 1927.

In 1926 Ervin attended school in Kingman in gr. 6 and found it very different from California. That winter we lived above the old dance hall and store on the north side of the street. This building burnt a year or so later. Dad built a small house in Kingman right where the hall was built later. The house was put on wheels and moved out to land bought 4 miles east of town, S 1/2-13-49-19-W4. That winter I went to school at Grand Forks, my teacher was miss Betsy Ness.

We broke up most of that half section but then the hungry 30's came along and it was impossible to make any money when wheat was sold at 18 cents a bushel. Times were hard but most people were in the same boat. We had good neighbors including John Matsons and george Undins.

The 7 years we spent in the Kingman area provided us with many good times. Some of the fellows who helped us have a good time were Polly Boness, Alf Simonson, Red Soma, Ingvald Ness and the Steen boys. For spending money we could always haul firewood to T.J. Rogness in Kingman or mine props to Round Hill.

In the spring of 1933 we moved to the Bonnyville area where Dad homesteaded at Moore Lake. We started all over again and times were sure hard. We raised alfalfa seed, sawed lumber, raised cattle and broke more land.

Gladys married Percy Sollett in 1932 and they lived in Edmonton for some time. They had 3 children, Wayne, Bud and Judy. Allare married. Wayne and family live on Salt Spring Island, Gladys also lives there. Bud, Judy and families live in Edmonton.

Dad passed away in Dec. 1964. Mother spent a few years in the Bonnyville Seniors Home and passed away in the spring of 1968.

I married Rosella Leonard on Jan. 16, 1940. Our first daughter Eleanor married Ed Reddecliff in 1960. They live on the next quarter of land. Shirley, our second daughter married Claude Chault and laives at Fort Kent , Alberta. Donna, our youngest daughter is married to Stan Kurek. They live at Fort Kent where he works for oil companies. Kevin, our youngest stays home with us. We still farm and live on the homestead. Rose and I enjoy our families.

PERSON, Harald - In 1865 Harald Pehrsson was born at Skansholm, Vilhelmina, Sweden. Marta Maria Jonson who became his wife, was born at Nordanjo, Vilhelmina in 1861. Their family consisted of children, Amanda, Peter, Sofia and Anslem. They were experiencing hard times in Sweden so along with a few other families in the area they came to Canada in hopes of finding a better living.

In 1905 they arrived in the Lundemo district which is now East Hay Lakes. Harald filed for a homestead on N.W 6-49-20-W4. Then he had the spelling of his name changed to Person. He aquired a cow or two and a couple hogs, then proceeded to cut brush with a dream of sowing a wheat field in the not too distant future. Sorrow struck quickly, Peter Sofia and Anslem died at a very young age. Amanda attended Brandland school for a short period. The school burned doawn but a larger, better school was built to replace it. Harald was the first mail carrier from Lundemo.

In 1910 a handsome young man arrived in the district. He was Johan Persson who was born at Blaikliden, Sweden in 1883. After coming to Alberta he also changed his name to John Person. He worked for Harald and a few other settlers in the area, among them, among them, Knut Lyseng of Armena. He also spent some time working building the railroad between Edmonton and Jasper.

A congregation was organized and the decision to build a church was made. It was to be called the Wilhelmina Lutheran Church and was built a short distance from the Person homestead. Work was started and completed with volunteer labor in 1912. John was a good carpenter, his craftmanship can still be seen when we observe the beautiful altar and pulpit which he built at the Wilhelmina church. John began courting Amanda which led to marriage. They were the first couple to be married in the new church. John and Amanda were blessed with 5 children; Algot, Ingvar, Judith, Albin and Alver.

John purchased the NW 7-49-20-W4, 1/2 mile north of Harald Person's place. He built a small house of logs across the road from Amanda's parents. They farmed together till Harald was too old to work, then signed his land over to John. Their homes were built in the middle of the 1/4 section, after some years they decided to move the houses north where the road allowances would eventually be built.

Harald was an accomplished violinist although he never had a lesson. He enjoyed playing for his grandchildren and entertaining for company. He often played at house parties.

Amanda and John were kept busy with farming and their children also taking care of Amanda's parents. There was a real closeness among the neighbors in those days. Everyone was kind and considerate, with time to help each other. Marta died in 1928 after a stroke, Harald lived until 1936.

The Person children all attended Brandland school. At one time there were over 40 students from gr. 1 - 8, all in one room. A gigantic undertaking for one teacher.

Times were hard and there was very little money in the country. They took butter and eggs to town in exchange for groceries. Fortunatly John, being a carpenter, was able to build the bare neccesities for the home - tables, cupboards and chest of drawers.

As the children grew up they worked on the farm and things began to ease up a bit. There was more grain, hogs and cream to sell. Ingvar began working as a hired hand. He spent several years at the Edward Lyseng's and the Kringen sisters at Armena.

At about 10, Albin decided to enter a young colt named Dan in the Hay Lakes fair. He worked with him daily, brushing and grooming until the coat was sleek and shiny.The family was very proud when Albin accepted a first prize ribbon for Dan.

In the alte 1930's Algot made an attempt at raising mink on a small scale, but due to start up costs and bad luck, it wasn't a profitable venture.

Aside from farming, John enjoyed hobbies when he had the time. He made skis for all the children and some for neighbors. He did this in the kitchen on long winter evenings while Amanda sat knitting socks and mittens from homespun wool. John was also very interested in taxidermy. He also tanned dog and cat skins which he made into mitts, gloves and gauntlets.

He was a man of many talents. As deacon in the local congregation he took his place at the pulpit and preached when the Minister wasn't there. He held the position of Sunday school superintendant, Church secretary and caretaker for several years.

In 1937 Judith married Hilding Swanlund. They lived at Stettler, Alberta for a few years where their only child Alice was born. At the start of WWII they moved to Montreal where Hilding worked for Fairchild Aircraft, manufacturing the Bolingbroke Bombers.

In 1939 the Persons built a large new house. Needless to say the extra room was much enjoyed and appreciated.

Albin and Alver went overseas with the Army. After the war Albin continued farming and Alver finished his education at Camrose lutheran College, he graduated from Alberta School fo Mortuary Science in 1957. Judith and Hilding came back and settled in Edmonton after spending a short time in Wetaskiwin and Ponoka. In 1949 they moved back to Edmonton and have lived ther for 28 years.

Alver married Arlene Skaret, daughter of William and Margaret (Heiner) Skaret in 1959 and took up residence in Camrose. They have 2 children, Kathryn and John. They purchased the Burger Funeral Home in Camrose in 1965.

In 1950 Ingvar moved to Edmonton and was employed by CESSCO, building oil storage tanks. He married Leota Moon of Edmonton in 1959.

John Person passed away in 1960 and his wife Amanda died in 1964.

In 1966 Albin married Hazel Johnson of Granum, Alberta. Algot and Albin have carried on a mixed farming operation over the years on the home place.

In 1968 Ingvar had to quit work due to illness. He died of cancer in 1972.

In Feb. 1978 Hilding passed away following a stroke. Judith now lives southeast of Sherwood park with her daughter and son-in-law, Alice and Micheal Lee and their 3 sons.

PETERSON, Carl Martin - Carl Martin Peterson moved with his parents in 1937 to British Columbia, where he commercial fished for 3 years, 1 year with his father and 2 years by himself. In 1940 he married Jessie Mary Gee. They lived for 5 years in New Westminster where he worked in a sawmill (The Alaska Pine) on the green chain and as a lumber grader. In Aug. 1945 they moved to the Robert Gee farm (N.W. 30-49-19 W4) at Kingman, Alberta, where they still live. This farm has been in the family since 1908.

The first few years on the farm they were busy breaking more land. Martin hired a brush cutter to clear a few acres, then he hired another farmer, with a tractor and plough, to break the land. There were lots of roots and rocks to pick by hand. There were a lot of good poplar saw logs on the farm, so the first year there, he hired Eric Winder with his sawmill to saw lumber for him. Later he built his own sawmill and sawed lumber to build granaries, pig houses, a chicken house, and barn. He also sawed lumber for neighbours.

When his first son Robert finished school they cleared and broke land with a caterpillar for about 15 years. They cleared land for themselves and also did custom work for farmers in and around the Kingman and Tofield areas. In the winter they worked around the clock, brushing even when it was very cold.

After Martin quit operating caterpillars he became the rural mail carrier for Kingman, and still is. He has done this along with his farming for many years.

The first few years Martin and Jessie were farming, they milked cows outside. They had lots of experiences with the cows kicking or running away and spilling the milk, when the mosquitoes and flies bothered them.

They have 3 sons, Robert Carl born Jan. 26, 1941, Raymond David born Aug. 4, 1944 and Vernon Martin born Nov. 24, 1948.

Robert took all of his schooling in Kingman. He purchased the quarter S.E. 25-49-20 W4 from Sam Kozak. On May 5, 1972 he married Gwendolynn Jacobsen. They have 3 children, Anna Marie born Apr. 7, 1976, David Robert born July 9, 1977 and Kevin James born Dec. 28, 1979. They live on his farm.

Raymond took grades 1 to 11 in Kingman and grade 12 in Round Hill. In 1962 he purchased the quarter N.W. 25-49-20 W4 from Sven Linder. He lives with his parents and farms.

Vernon attended school in Kingman and Round Hill. He purchased the quarter N.E. 1-50-20 W4 from Wallace Lee. On Sept. 12, 1969 he married Barbara McGinitie. They have 2 children, Christopher Vernon born June 1, 1977 and Lisa Mary born Nov. 26, 1979. They live on his farm.

PETERSON, Knut - Knut Olof Peterson (born Jan. 13, 1900) and Anna (Londin) Peterson (born July 1, 1998) with their sons Carl Martin and Stig Erland (Steve) immigrated to Canada from Hudiksvall, Sweden in the summer of 1927. They settled in the Miquelon district and farmed there for 10 years. Their daughter Elsa Elizabeth was born there Feb. 4, 1931.

In 1937 they moved to New Westminster, British Columbia then later to Surrey, British Columbia. Knut fished for salmon for 1 year, then began working in a sawmill. He was an engineer, then later a millwright until he retired due to ill health.

Martin married Jessie Gee in 1940 and in 1945 they moved to the Gee farm where they live today. Steve married and moved to Lac La Biche, Alberta where he farmed and commercial fished for many years. He later moved to British Columbia and now lives at Clearwater, B.C. He has 2 sons, Alvin and Ronnie. Elsa married Bob Plecas Sept. 1, 1950.

Elsa Plecas passed away at Surrey, B.C. July 5, 1962. Knut passed away at Surrey, B.C Apr. 4, 1970. They are both buried in Valley View cemetery, Surrey, B.C.

Anna Peterson now 81 years old lives in her own home on the Martin Peterson farm.

PETRYSHEN, Helen (Rakowski) - Helen Rakowski was born in Dinant, May 15, 1905. She attended Swea School from 1913 to 1916 and then Camrose Normal. She married John Petryshen in 1929 and they lived on the farm at Round Hill.

During the hungry, dry, '30's there was a homestead drive to the north and they went on that one. John and Helen went to Haloch District and took two homesteads. They moved north in July of 1933. At that time they had 2 boys, Nick, 2 years old, and Eddie, 1 year old.

With 2 helpers, Stanley Petryshen and Harry Sloboda, they took 25 head of cattle, 12 horses and two crates of chickens, 3 wagons (one covered wagon for Helen and the boys to sleep in). They cooked over an open fire and the men slept under the stars. It took them 4 days to reach Edmonton. When they got there they had to wait until 4 o'clock in the morning to get over the High Level Bridge. They were then escorted by the City Constabulary through the city onto the St. Albert trail. One of the chicken crates fell off and the chickens scattered. The police helped to catch them. It took another 5 days to get to their destination. It was the same thing all over again, no roads, no houses, no wells - start from scratch. Nonetheless, Helen remembers it today and wishes she could do it all over again. She considers that one of the highlights of her life.

She is now retired and lives in Surrey, British Columbia, where most of her family live. Nick, Eddy, and Teddy Petryshen and 1 daughter Rose Landolt live there. Joe lives in Burns Lake, British Columbia. Adam lives in Edmonton. John lives on the home farm in Round Hill and Albert lives in Ryley.

PHILIPP, Richard - Richard Philipp was born in Switzerland on Sept. 5, 1920 and arrived in Kingman, Alberta on June 7. 1928, with his sister Regina and father Stephen.

His father bought a small farm from William Wideman. That fall Richard started school in Farmington, where he had to learn the English language. He and his sister rode horseback to school and attended Farmington for 2 years. The family then moved to Tofield in 1929, where they lived at the mine. By this time his stepmother had arrived from Switzerland. Richard attended school and worked in the mine as well. In 1939 he was one of the first to volunteer his services for overseas duty.

After returning to Canada, he spent some time in the hospital. He then got a job with the Federal Government, a position he held for 30 years. He lost his first wife, and re-married in 1963. He and his wife Doris are presently living in Calgary.

Regina is Mrs. Layton Compton, who lives in Edmonton. They have 2 sons Gary and Robert, also of that city.

PHILIPP, Roe & Bertha - by Eileen Simonson - Roe Phillips and Bertha Phillips were married in Tofield in 1919. They made their home on a farm 4 miles north of Tofield. To them were born 7 children:

Pat, retired and residing at Ponoka. Calvin, retired and residing at Leduc-, Mrs. Conrad Simonson (Eileen). retired and residing at Camrose-.Gilbert, hotel owner at Glendon. Eugene, retired, living at Victoria, British Columbia. Mrs. Peter Laskoski (Angeline), farming at Holden. Mrs. Arnold Hierlihy (Shirley), business occupation, living in Edmonton.

Roe and Bertha ceased farming at Tofield in 1946. In 1948 they purchased the Peter Romanissan farm in the Kingman-Miquelon area. They spent many happy days fishing and hunting as they both enjoyed these two sports. A camping trailer at Eleanor Lake afforded them a home away from home.

In 1972, at the age of 81, Roe Phillips passed away. Later that year Bertha made her home in Tofield and has had an active part in that community.

POULSEN, Hans - Hans Anton Poulsen and Minnie Valerius Olsen were married in Denmark before 1894. They immigrated to America, settling in the Chicago area before moving to Hampshire, Illinois. Here their 3 children were born - Elee John in 1896, Luella in 1900 and Esther in 1901.

Their next home was a homestead north of Prosser, Washington, where they lived and worked for 6 years during a lengthy drought. They then moved to the Gresham, Oregon area. Here happy days were spent as the children grew up, attended school and made many friendships which are still strong today.

In 1917 they moved to a homestead near Chipman, Alberta. In 1921 they bought a farm north of Kingman, SW 1/4-33-49-19-W4. This farm was owned by Ludvig Anderson, a brother of Mrs. Willie Simonson.

Mrs. Poulsen's brother Hans Olsen accompanied them to Kingman. Hans Olsen died in 1928 and was buried in the Kingman cemetery.

One cold wintry day when Mr. Poulsen was III, a cow had a calf, the pump was frozen and Mrs. Poulsen was alone. She phoned a neighbor to come and butcher the cow and calf. The hired man had left and another helper was not in sight. But a knock came on the back door and there stood two country travelling preachers. They immediately took in the situation, milked the cow, thawed out the pump and watered the livestock. Then in their horse-drawn rig they scoured the countryside and brought back a hired man. Then Mrs. Poulsen set the house in order and invited the neighbors to hear the preachers.

While on the farm Mr. Poulsen sustained an injury and remained a semi-invalid for the rest of his life. After a farm sale, Mr. and Mrs. Poulsen moved to Edmonton. They later sold their farm to Bill Simonson who still refers to it as the " Poulsen place."

Elee John Poulsen was born in Sept. 1896. He moved from Oregon to Chipman, Alberta in the spring of 1917. A little later he joined the United States Navy. He was honorably discharged in 1918 and returned to Chipman where he built and operated a garage in 1919. In 1922 he married Flossie Watson. The following Jan. he sold his business and moved to Portland, Oregon. In 1924 they returned to Canada and worked for a Tool Company in Edmonton until 1925 when he was employed by the National Home Furnishers where he worked until his death July 26, 1951.

Elee and Flossie had 1 daughter, Jean Ruth, who was married to George Bisset in 1953. They have 3 children: Malcolm, Cameron and Laurie.

Luella, Paulsen's oldest daughter, married Ben Finch of London, England. They live in Edmonton where Ben worked at Weber Bros. Real Estate. They now live in White Rock, B.C. Luella and Ben have 3 children: Gwen, who married Jim McNeilly, and they have a son Benjie, who is with the Covenant Players, and Debbie, who is at home. The second Finch daughter, Winifred, married John Edvalds. They have 3 children: Lam, married to Stephen Eylander, and David and Stephen. The youngest Finch daughter, Carol, married Donald Marshall. They have 2 girls: Marly and Wendy. Carol and Don teach in a Christian School in Belvedere, Washington, where they reside.

Esther, the other Poulsen daughter, married Walter Farmer of London, England in 1934 and lived in Kingman until Oct. 1938 when they moved to Camrose. In 1943 Esther, Walter and daughter Eunice moved to Calgary. Walter Farmer passed away Oct. 3, 1961. Esther still lives in Calgary and is at present in the Dr. Vernon Fanning Extended Care Centre.

Eunice went to Ontario in 1946. In 1952 she was married to John Miller of Collingwood, Ontario. They have 4 children: Paul, who is a student at the North American Baptist Seminary in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. Valerie is married to Douglas Shell, eldest son of Canon Harry Shell and Roberta (Everett) Shell of Edmonton. Richard and Kathy are both still living at home.

PROCTOR, John - John, Gayle, Marty, and Bradley Proctor moved to the Kingman area from Edmonton in May of 1975. They bought the Tollefson home quarter from Oscar and Annie Tollefson, S.W. 31-49-19-4 to provide a home for their first horse, Brandy. The barn and part of our house was built in 1928. The barn is being restored.

Farming was a new experience for John as he was born and raised in Liverpool, England. Gayle was raised on a farm in the Silver Heights-Coronation area by her parents John and Marion Leigh.

Bradley began school in Kingman in Grade 8 and Marty began Grade 10 in Camrose Composite High School. This year, 1980, Brad plans to complete his Grade 12 and Marty is completing his first year of University in pre-medicine in Edmonton.

John and Gayle are both teachers for the Strathcona Board of Education and farm in their spare time. John began his teaching in the County in 1971 and Gayle began teaching for the Edmonton Public School Board in 1962. Gayle left a principalship at Windsor Park in Edmonton to teach in the county school of Mimstik in 1975, where she has been principal for the past 3 years. John presently enjoys teaching Grade 4 at Fultonvale School.

John, Gayle, Marty. and Bradley have appreciated the friendly hospitality of the Kingman area residents since arriving and relied on Oscar and Annie Tollefson for coffee, cake, and farming advice until theTollefsons moved to Valleyview in 1976. At that time the Proctors purchased an additional 80 acres from Tollefsons and gradually increased their cattle to 40 cows. The boys and John have always played musical instruments and enjoyed playing and singing at Kingman concerts, and with Joe Kozack at home.

Farming and country living was new to John and the boys, and in the past 5 years John has done a great deal of work to learn to bale, cultivate, combine. fix tractors and machinery, repair the well pump, and all the countless breakdowns that occur on a farm. Learning to deal with cattle was a pleasant experience for most of the time, but frustrating and heartbreaking when an animal died. Many thanks go to many friends and neighbors for help. Wyman Christenson helped to save a calf one night. Bob Kerr took a heifer to the vet in the middle of the night and Jack Gray came to brand. Gayle's Dad, John Leigh was available for help and advice with the breaking and training of horses and fixed and made bridles and harness. John Leigh died in 1978 and is missed by all. Gayle's Mom, Marion Leigh, helped with chasing cattle, chickens. and gardening. Marty and Bradley have been involved with farming, haying and the cattle and horses and have enjoyed and benefitted from living on a farm John and Gayle plan to build a new house on the farm. They curl and golf in spare time.

PELZ, Angeline (Elniski) - Angeline Pelz was born to Henrietta and Valerien Pelz in Yankowicze, Jaroslaw, Poland, on July 26, 1886. She came to Canada with her mother and father in 1900. Steve Elniski and Angeline got married in the St. Stanislaus Polish Church in Round Hill in 1911. They lived in Camrose where Steve worked for Dick Pallister hauling coal from Spicer Coal Mine. They moved to Edmonton and he was a janitor for T. Eaton Company until he retired. There were 8 children, 6 boys and 2 girls: Val, Ted, Stan, and Frank Elniski live in Edmonton. Fred lives in Surrey and Joe lives in Victoria. Caroline Dann lives in Edmonton and Paulene lives in Calgary. Steve passed away in 1967 and Angeline in 1970.

PELZ, Paulene (Hawes) - Paulene came across the ocean with her parents Henrietta and Valerien Pelz. She lived and worked in Camrose in her younger years. She married Jack Hawes and they moved to Vancouver. They had one boy, now living in Toronto. She now is 81 and lives in her own home, where she keeps herself busy visiting senior clubs and friends.

PELZ, Frank - Frank Pelz was born in Bittern Lake on the homestead Sept. 20, 1901. He attended the Swea School, then went to Camrose to work. He worked for Sampson's Store, clerking and delivering groceries with a horse and cart, About 1919 or 1920, he left for Rochester, New York, where he ran a market garden. From there he went to Pearson, Georgia, where he started a tobacco farm. He and his wife Vonnice still live on their farm and raise broiler chickens, 55,000 every ten weeks. His son Bernard lives across the road and farms their place. There are also three daughters, all married and living nearby. Nell and Nita and their husbands live on the farm and Pat and her husband live in Pearson, Georgia. Some of the elders would remember Frank because he used to chum around with them in the days gone by.

Angeline, Paulene, and Frank were George Rakowski's stepchildren.

RAKOWSKI, George - George Rakowski was born Jan. 27, 1863, in Tarnopol, Buczacz, Austria. When he was 12 years old he was put out as an apprentice, to a blacksmith, where he learned his trade. After his apprenticeship, he worked on railroads that were being built throughout Eastern Europe. He got married in 1885 and when the family started to increase he saw there wasn't much future there. With the huge hubbub for immigrants to Canada, he decided to go.

He landed in Edmonton in the spring of 1896 and built a blacksmith shop in Strathcona. His shop was situated on 82nd Avenue, somewhere in the vicinity of the location of the present Commercial Hotel. Being the only blacksmith there at the time, he made out pretty well and stayed there until 1900.

He sent for his wife Maria Margerita and 2 daughters in the spring of 1898. His eldest daughter, Mehalda (Lena) was 10 years old and Anna was 3 years old. Lena enrolled in school as soon as they arrived.

There were quite a number of immigrants who came about 1899 to 1900 and most were poor. There was no work for the men but the women were able to get some housework for a little money to help out. It was very rough for them the first winter in the new land.

Across the street from the blacksmith shop a fellow by the name of Gainor had a meat store and he helped the newcomers out in a big way. He gave them pigs heads for head cheese, kidneys, hearts, tongue, lungs and pork hocks. Also when the women came to buy, he sold cheaper to help them out. Later these people mentioned Mr. Gainor for his kindness.

During the summer and fall of 1897 the klondike was on everyone's mind. In the spring of 1898 everbody was getting ready to go to the goldrush. That winter there was a town outside of Strathcona, tents, wigwams and shacks, people waiting for spring and to be on the way. One fellow was making a contraption that was to roll on wooden drums over the muskeg and get to the klondike. Dad was making hoops for him to hold the drums together. He got it together and started it up, it didn't go to far and the drums fell to peices, and thats where he stayed. Dad was also getting ready for the rush, 6 or 7 of them were banding together to get things ready. When springbroke, Dad was going on one last bender with freinds before he left. When he came out of it his partners had left with everything... his included. He was sorry at first but a number of years later when there was no word from his partners, he thought he was lucky he hadn't gone with them.

In the spring of 1900, George Rakowski went to a homestead in the area of Sandy Lake, but gave it up because of too many bears. From there he came to Dinant district and liked the country. That is where he took a homestead- S.W, 18-48-19-W4, in the spring of 1901.

George, Frank Budinski, and Michael Budinski were the first to come to Dinant. Later came Czernastec, Frank Meck, Frank Gerski, Stanley Banack and others.

Harry Berenda came by himself, he walked all the way from Strathcona. He stumbled on the Czernastec's and Budinski's making tea and drying out after a night of rain, Rakowski happened to be there visiting. Over a cup of tea Mr. Berenda mentioned that he didn't know how to file for a homestead. Rakowski asked him along to his place, in the morning they went to pick out his land. They took along a makeshift transit to locate the lines of the land. Berenda got everything down on paper and walked back to Edmonton to file on his homestead.

There were no schools or churches yet, but Father Bellevaire used to come from Duhamel on his way to Smoky Lake. The settlers would pass the word that there would be a mass on Sunday and that was the way it was. Father bellevaire never accepted money but if there were vegetables, meat, salt, sugar or tea, he would take them with thanks.

After getting settled and bringing the family out, George started to dig for water. He and Harry Berenda struck coal not too far down. That was the start of a mine that would later be called the Spicer Coal Co.

In the spring of 1902 George lost his first wife, Margerita during childbirth. She was buried on the NW 18-48-19-W4 across from Ron Lindstrands. There was a small burial plot with several graves marked and fenced. Now there is no sign of any graves. It is all plowed down.

He remarried in the fall of 1903, a widow named Henrietta Pelz (her maiden name was Izic) with 3 children: 2 girls, Angeline 14, and Paulene, 4, and 1 boy, Frank, 2 years old.

Henrietta Pelz and both girls came with her husband and father Valerien Pelz and 2 brothers, Albert and Anton Pelz from Yankowicze, Jaroslaw, Poland, in 1900. The 3 Pelz brothers took homesteads in Bittern Lake. Valerien settled his family there and then all 3 brothers went to Bankhead, Alberta, to work in the mines. While there he got pneumonia and died, so she was left with the children and the homestead.

It was a never-ending toll for a homestead wife. The older children helped when they were home but as they grew up, they left for work and got married. And as they left more came, one daughter Helen (Mrs. John Petryshen) and 3 boys, Ted, Stan and Leo Rakowski. When Rakowski and Berenda dug through the coal seam they burned some and it worked fine. He hired men, put in a shaft and started to dig coal on a small scale for local people. The coal was pulled up by block and tackle in a good-sized box, about 400 pounds at a time. An ox did the pulling, led by Lena (Mrs. Fred Yurkoski), and Steve Zaroshlak tipped the box and unloaded the coal. The first load was taken to Sparling with oxen to see if it would sell. It was divided among the customers by pails till more could be mined.

The mine was then improved, a larger shaft was dug. Fred Yurkoski erected a larger tipple. A water pump and a gas engine were installed to pump water. Bill Berenda was hauling the coal up with a horse. There were about 25 miners. Fred Yurkoski was foreman above the ground and ran the water-pumping station. Dick Pallister hauled the coal to Camrose with several teams and sleighs.

George Rakowski ran the mine for a number of years until someone reported that he was working a mine without pit boss supervision. The mine inspector came down to inspect. He commended the mine for being in excellent shape and asked who was running it. George said he was a miner in the old country and was quite capable to handle it. This was in the year 1906 or 1907. The inspector closed the mine down until he could send a pit boss to take over. The pit boss's name was presumably Jack Ratwood and he was a miserable, mean man to get along with. The miners, who were mostly homesteaders and their sons, left after a couple of days with him. There was no coal dug and anyone who came for coal dug his own and took it home, no charge.

Rakowski fired the pit boss and took him to Camrose. J. F Caniff, a lawyer and real estate agent, wrote the mines department for George to run his own mine. He got papers to run his mine for 3 years at a time. He kept the mine until 1913 and in the spring sold it to Dennis Twomey, Frank Farley, Jeffrey Cook, Marshall Maxwell and George P. Smith, publishers of the Camrose Canadian. They in turn sold it to Spicer Coal Co. of Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, in 1913.

George Rakowski bought a quarter of land 3 miles south, the farm that Bill Mikasko resides on now. In 1916 he sold it to Tom Budinski and moved to Camrose.

In 1924 he moved from Camrose to Kelowna, British Columbia. He lived there until 1927 and then bought a farm 3 miles east of Round Hill.

While living on the farm, George was an active person. Every day when the weather allowed he would pick up his cane and take his dog, Narron, and off he would go on a three and a half or four mile walk around the farm. After he reached the age of 80 years he took it easier and left the walking alone. He passed away on Oct. 31, 1947 at the age of 84 years. He was predeceased by his wife on November 4, 1933.

RAKOWSKI, Ted - I was born in Dinant on April 5, 1909. When I was 4 years old my father sold the mine property near Dinant and moved to another farm 3 miles south.

I started going to Swea School from there with my sister Helen and brother Frank, who started a couple of years earlier. The teacher was a Mr. Marr and there were about 29 or 30 pupils at the time. I also went to Camrose and Kelowna schools.

The spring of 1927, Dad bought a farm 3 miles east of Round Hill and the family moved on and started farming, just in time to catch the depression. The depression hit in 1930 and with it came a drought, and they both stayed with us for a few years. In 1935 there wasn't any work at home and less money, so I went riding the rods' looking for work. But there were more bums than work.

In the summer of 1936, a friend of mine, Peter Topolinski and I went again. We went as far as Vancouver and it was the same story. We saw nothing but soup kitchens and welfare. There just wasn't any work. We left Vancouver for the Okanagan Valley to see if there was any fruit picking and on the way landed a job making hay. That was at Pritchard, B.C. for a rancher named Carlson. The wages were $1.00 a day and 10 hours work, but the grub was excellent so we stayed two weeks. From there we left for Kelowna to pick fruit but there were more pickers than fruit, so we landed home broke.

The war broke out in 1939 so I went to Calgary for air force training. After six months I was sent to Montreal to work on aircraft but I didn't I Ike it, so I went to Toronto and from there to Hamilton and stayed there until 1946. While in Hamilton I got married to Mildred Rogerson. There were 4 children in the next few years: Rosa, Garry, George and Dennis. Rosa married Leonard Cappis from Bawlf and they live in Calgary and have 1 girl Vaughn and 2 boys, Bradley and Mark.

Garry married Dianne Schmitz of Calgary and they live there, They have two boys Derek and Todd.

George married Carol Banack of Round Hill. They live in Edmonton and have one girl Juanita and 2 boys Vincent and Preston.

Dennis works in Vancouver and is not married. I now farm the west half of the home farm.

RAKOWSKI, Stan - Stan Rakowski was born Oct. 28, 1911, in Dinant. He got his schooling in Camrose and Kelowna. He managed the home farm until 1950 and then went to work for the Forestry Department as a cook. He stayed there for a number of years and then went cooking for oil companies in the Yukon and Northwest Territories. Whenever he came home all the kids looked forward to it because he always brought home goodies from the north such as moccasins, gloves, mukluks, belts and you name it, he brought it. When he retired and lived in Round Hill, the kids called him Uncle Stan and were always welcome to his place. It was a dull summer if there wasn't at least one wiener roast put on by Uncle Stan for the kids.

RAKOWSKI, Leo - Leo Rakowski was born on March 3, 1914. He went to school in Camrose, Kelowna, B.C. and Meldal at Round Hill. He liked riding freights, hobo style, winter or summer. In Jan. 1940, he came from British Columbia, and when he got to Ryley it was 30 degrees below zero and then he walked home 14 miles. He enlisted in 1940 and went to England. From there he landed in Italy and was wounded. He came home in Oct. 1944. He married Ann McAhonic and farmed in Ryley for a few years. He sold the farm and went to work for the C.N.R. at Hinton, Edson and the Coal Branch. He also worked for the government at Jasper Park. He retired in 1965 and lived in Round Hill until he passed away July 16, 1975. He is survived by 2 daughters, Shirley Grinde and Leona Rakowski. Both live in Edmonton.

RASMUSSEN, Harold - I lived with my folks Rasmus and Kjersti Rasmussen until 1927 when I went to work at the Mine and lived in the bunk house. In 1933 1 married Stella Erickson and rented a house from the company. In 1936 we bought the northwest fraction (6 and 7/8, acres) of section 12 from Thor Berg. I also owned S.W. 13-48-20. Shortly after moving onto the place our barn burned down. We needed to rebuild and I bought the old Nomeland house from Olaf Skalin for $10.00. Guttorm Rosland helped me to tear it down and haul the logs and I built a barn and chicken house. I also remodeled the lean-to on the house into a kitchen.

In 1941 we moved to Round Hill and I worked as a miner for one winter. In 1942 we moved to British Columbia and I worked as an oiler for Alberni Pacific Lumber Co. In Sept. 1943 we moved to Bremerton, Washington and I worked for Puget Sound Naval Shipyard as a welder for 22 years. In 1944 I sold my S.W. 13-48-20 to August Majeski and then my 6 and 7/8 acres to Mr. McOuillan.

Our 2 daughters Deloris Margery and Margaret Caroline were both born in St. Mary's Hospital, Camrose. Deloris and her family live in Portland, Oregon. Margaret and family live in Carnni, Illinois.

I retired in 1967. Stella died in February 1972.

I met and married Doris Harris in 1973 and we are living in Bremerton, Washington.

RASMUSSEN, Rasmus - Rasmus Rasmussen was born in Stavanger, Norway and Kjersti Boe was born in Valdres, Norway. They immigrated to Nebraska, U.S.A. where they met and were married. They farmed near Newman Grove, Nebraska and here their 5 daughters and 3 sons were born.

On Apr. 25, 1911 they arrived in Camrose and bought N.E. 17-48-20 from Mr. Westby, where they lived until 1918, when Rasmus sold this property and bought S.E. 12 and S.W. 13-48-20 from Lars Erga.

On Nov. 27, 1919 there was a big double wedding at their home near Dinant, when Sofia and Nels Grue, and Cora and Abel Lyseng were married. They had erected a large tent for the wedding ceremony. That day was not forgotten by either wedding party or guests, as it was 30 below zero and four feet of snow. The roads were rough and meeting someone caused problems, as the horses would flounder in the snow and sleighs would upset.

In May 1929 Rasmus passed away at the age of 72 years. Kjersti died in 1949 at the age of 79. Their family: Clara Rasmussen married Ted Walkemeyen They lived in Camrose where Ted operated the Heatherbrae Hotel until they moved to Armena to run a store. They had 3 children Clarice, Isabel, and Allen, who died young.

Grace Cecilia Rasmussen married Carl Anderson and they lived on their farm near Fridhem Church until their retirement in 1964 when they moved to Camrose. They had 4 children. Lavern married Gilbert Nesvold and they farmed north of Camrose. They have 4 children.

Irene married Pastor Kron. They first lived in Saskatchewan and later at various Lutheran Churches in the United States. They had two children and both are deceased.

Philip married Doris Anderson of Bardo and they farmed near Fridhem Church until 1965, when they moved into Camrose. They have 4 children. Marie married Marc de Grace. They live in Calgary and have 4 children. Mabel Rasmussen married Harold Cotton. They first farmed near Saskatoon and then lived at Nepawin, Saskatchewan. They had 4 children. Cora Rasmussen married Abel Lyseng. They farmed near Armena and later moved to Camrose. They had 8 children. Sophia married Nels Grue. They farmed near Fridhem Church until their retirement when they moved to Camrose. They had 4 daughters.

Robert and Harold (see Rasmussen as they have their own story). George Rasmussen married Florence Paulson and first lived in Camrose. They are now retired and live in Wetaskiwin.

RASMUSSEN, Robert - Robert Rasmussen, son of Rasmus and Kjersti Rasmussen, married Violet Ovelson, daughter of Andrew and Annie Ovelson, on Sept. 22, 1925. They lived on a farm 1/2 N. of the village of Dinant, renting land from his mother. The Rasmussen farm at Dinant consisted of a 1/2 section divided by the north road with the east 1/4 again divided by a "Y" in the railroad that travelled to Kingman and Y'ed to the coal mine east of the village. The Rasmussens had a contract to deliver groceries to the coal mine people which was done only in the winter, every Saturday. On extremely cold days the boys spent most of the time walking behind the sleigh to keep warm.

"They were also known for the horse-drawn water well digging outfit which they used, to dig many of the wells in the Dinant district. A willow stick in the form of a "Y" was used most successfully to "witch" for water before digging began. One of the highlights of this enterprise was when Old Clyde, the very horse used to draw the rig around and around as digging proceeded, fell into one of the wells one night after the rig had been moved from the hole. His front feet and part of his tail were still above the ground so a halter was put on his head and part of his tail had to be dug free with a spade and with Mother and two kids on the halter rope and Dad and two kids on the tail end, along with a great shout and heave, he lifted himself out of the well, no worse for wear." This was told by son, Donald.

The Rasmussens also broke land with the old Twin City tractor. In those days of' coal mine work, water well digging, and breaking of land, George, Robert's brother was the main helper. In 1937, Robert and Violet moved back to the original Rasmussen farm. Robert bought this farm and farmed until his passing in 1965.

Robert and Violet enjoyed a family of 7 children, 6 of whom were born in Dinant. This is a brief account of Robert's children and where they are now.

R. Adair was born Apr. 2, 1927. He started school at Dinant, attended Throndson School and then back to Dinant for Grade 10. He rode horse back and stayed at the Jonas Grundberg home when it was cold and stormy. Adair finished high-school in Camrose. He is presently a Pipeline Contractor, lives in Camrose and has two married daughters.

Donald was born June 7, 1928. He also attended Dinant School and finished at Throndson. He apprenticed in electricity and worked as an Electrical Inspector. Don was married and had 5 children when he decided to attend the Lutheran Seminary in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan and became a pastor. He is currently at Dickson, Alberta.

Gladys was born May 26, 1930. She started school at Dinant and finished at Throndson. She married George Osness, son of Victor Osness, who farmed in the Kingman district. George farms and is in construction work with his sons. The Osness children were all good skiers and entered many competitions across Canada. Their daughter, Joan, competed in the Olympics and eventually married an Olympic Cross Country skier, and now lives near Oslo, Norway.

Gordon, born Jan. 30, 1931 attended school at Throndson, Armena and graduated from C.L.C., in Camrose. He is a Chartered Accountant and is currently President of the Strathcona Investment Ltd., and President of the Rasmussen Foundation. He lives in Edmonton and has 3 daughters.

Kathleen was born Nov. 12, 1932. She is also a C.L.C. graduate and took nurses training at the Misericordia Hospital, Edmonton. She married Wilbur Throndson, youngest son of Theodore and Ida Throndson. who farmed N.E. 20-48-20. Wilbur served three and one half years in the R.C.N. and after his discharge took over the family farm. In 1974 Wilbur and Kathleen moved to Camrose where Wilbur is employed in the Lumber business and Kathleen is Clinic Nurse at the Smith Clinic. They have two children.

Viola was born Jan. 6, 1934. She graduated from C.L.C., taking the Business Course. She married Allen Throndson son of Anton and Mary Throndson, who farmed N.W. 21-48-20. Viola and Allen live in Camrose, where Allen is Vice-Principal of Chester Ronning School and Viola is Secretary in the Preventative Social Services Office. They have 3 children.

Kenneth was born Dec. 30, 1944. He took, over the family farm in 1965, after the death of Robert and Violet. He farmed until 1972 and then went back to school and graduated from N.A. I.T. in Business Administration. He is currently Bank Manager for a Credit Union in Edmonton. He has 3 children.

REGER, Helge - by Emma Reger - Helge Reger left Hallingdal, Norway, when he was a young man of 19 years.

The first place he came to was Mr. Heie's home. He stayed and, for a time, worked on the section at Kingman. He also worked for Ed Thompson and Oscar Thompson at Kingman and Armena. Then he took a homestead at Cold Lake and stayed there for a time. In 1927, he married Emma Johnson and they moved to Tofield to live at the Gallinger mine. Then they moved to a house two miles west of Kingman. In 1932 they rented Mrs. Ed Thompson's farm for a year. From 1933 to 1937 they lived at several places in the north country. During that time, Emma made a trip to Calgary to receive their son, Allen.

In 1937 Helge grew tired of the north, so they returned to Kingman and bought the Henning house where they lived till 1938. They moved back to the Gallinger mine, where Helge worked as barn boss and teamster.

In 1945, they received their wanted daughter, Carol. Since 1955 they lived at Tofield until they retired to Vialta Lodge, Viking in 1971.

Helge passed away December 20, 1973.

Carol married Wilfred Helgeland in 1960. They have two sons, Darrell and Donald. Allen married Dorothy Barnhard. They have two children, Gerald and Elaine.

RINDAHL, Carl O. - Carl Rindahl was born February 5, 1887 at Harstad, Norway. He was baptized and confirmed at the Lutheran Ebestad church. In his teens he became a fisherman and enjoyed skiing, skating, and swimming. He loved the country and the mountains and did a lot of hunting as a young man.

On November third, 1909 Carl married Gyda Hansen, (born March 1, 1890) who was also from Harstad. For their honeymoon they booked a passage on a steamship to the United States. It took a month to reach New York.

They made their home in North Dakota until 1913. Carl had filed on a homestead In southern Saskatchewan in 1912. The nearest town to his homestead was Hatton, Saskatchewan.

Their eldest daughter Sophie was born in the state of North Dakota. In Saskatchewan three daughters and one son were born. Their names are Borghild, Gladys, Peter and Clara.

In 1926 Ulrik Syvrud and Carl Rindahl came to Alberta to buy land. Their desire was to make abetter living for their families than was possible on the prairie of southern Saskatchewan. The\, felt there was something better in Alberta. The country around Kingman must have appealed to them, or did Mr. Thomas Rogness convince them to purchase C.P.R. land, for which he was an agent? They purchased a quarter of bushland each, one mile west and four miles north of Kingman. Carl purchased 1/4 N.W. 31-49-19 W4 and Ulrik Syvrud purchased 1/4 S.W. 31-49-19 W4. They proceeded to build houses and barns on their land. but did not complete them until the summer of 1927.

The two families rented a house from Ed Thompson for three months. The children attended Farmington school. The hardships of clearing the brush and breaking the land meant a lot of hard work for the whole family. Carl lived at his farm home until his sudden death March 26, 1957. He was missed very much as he was very young at heart.

Gyda stayed on the farm. Their son Peter moved his house to Carl's farm to be near her and help her. She loved to have her grandchildren near, especially Darrin, as he is the youngest in Peter's family. Gyda continued to live on the farm until Aug. 1972 when Peter moved his family to Camrose. She then made her home with them. Also, she would spend 2 to 4 months every year with her daughter Borghild at Victoria B.C.

On Apr. 22, 1978 she went to Victoria. In June she became ill and passed away Sept. 19, 1978. She had been a widow for 21 & 1/2 years. Gyda kept herself very busy with hard work and loved to cook and bake. Her specialties were making lemon pie and spice cake. Friends and family miss her kindness and her smile.

RODNUNSKY, Peter & Maria - Peter and Maria Rodnunsky and family came to Kingman in the early 1920's. They owned and operated the Kingman Farmers Supply. They, had four children, Esther, Hymie, Harold, and Albert. They lived in Kingman for quite a few years.

Mr. Rodnunsky passed away many years ago. Prior to her death in 1980, Mrs. Rodnunsk y made her home with her son, Harold, in Medicine Hat.

ROGNESS, Thomas E. & Vera - Thomas E. Rogness came to Kingman in the spring of 1928 from Storen, Norway. Vera arrived in the fall of 1928. Their son, W. Arnold Rogness, was born in December 1929.

Thomas was a cousin of T. J. Rogness who also lived in Kingman. He worked for the government as a postal route mailman. The Rogness family moved to New Westminster, B.C. in the summer of 1942.

Arnold Rogness and Marguerite Skonnord were married in July 1953. They have 3 sons Terry, Bradley, and Danny. Arnold has his own business in New Westminster called "The Dogwood Food Market".

Thomas passed away in 1907. Vera still makes her home in New Westminster.

ROGNESS, Thomas J. - by Doris (Rogness) Nordin -My parents were Thomas and Ellen Rogness. I married Verner Nordin of' the Hay Lakes district in 1945. I have four children. Gary is a geologist and lives in Calgary, Alberta. Warren lives in Whitecourt, Alberta and is employed by Calgary Power Ltd. Debra is employed by Andreassen and Ziebart and lives in Camrose, Alberta. Colleen is a clerk in Medicine Hat, Alberta.

I was brought up in Kingman. We lived in the home that was until recently, the Lutheran Parsonage.

My father, Thomas Rogness immigrated to Canada from Norway (date unknown to me). He was very active in the Kingman community. He was responsible for sponsoring several people to immigrate to Canada. He operated a Hardware Store and Post Office for many years.

My mother, Ellen (Johnson) Rogness came with her parents, Mr. and Mrs. Nels Johnson from the United States in 1901.

My brother Stanley delivered the Rural Mail at Kingman for many years until he joined the Canadian Army and went overseas. On his return he moved to Edmonton, where he was active in athletic activities, especially fastball. He was a member of the Umpire Association and his name is enrolled in the "Sports World Hall of Fame. He worked in Edmonton as a service station attendant. He passed away in Mar. 1977.

May (Welsh) Jones lived with my parents for years. She helped operate the Post Office. She is a widow now living in Cupertino, California. She has a son, Terry, and a daughter, Kay, both living in the United States.

ROGSTAD, Odd -I was born in Storen, Norway June 7, 1911, the first of 9 children born to Ole and Albina Rogstad. One year later we moved to Oppdal where I grew up and went to school. When I was 16 years old I decided to go to Canada where, we were told, everyone made a lot of money. I planned to go back to Norway in a few years and buy a farm. A year later on Mar. 20, 1929, my friend, Ole Stuen. and I immigrated to Canada. We left Oslo on the ship Bergensfjord and arrived at Halifax Mar. 31. From there we went by C.P. Railroad to Edmonton. My father's cousin Thomas Rogness and his wife Vera had left Norway 2 years earlier and were living in Kingman, so that is where we headed for. We arrived in Kingman April 5, 1929. The first year I worked for Clarence Simonson on his farm He paid me $250 plus board and room. The next 2 years I also worked for farmers in the area. In the summer of 1933 I met Ellen Grahn from Hay Lakes. We were both visiting at Thor and Mabel Grahn's who were living in Kingman. Ellen was working in Camrose at the time so, whenever I could, I would go to Camrose to see her. Sometimes we would go to a movie. We were married in Camrose on Dec. 16, 1933 by Reverend Carlson. Ellen's sister Alice was bridesmaid and my cousin Bert Engen was best man. We made our first home in Idie Thompson's log house. Ellen was born at Hay Lakes to John and Caroline Grahn oldest of a family of 8, 6, brothers and 1 sister.

In 1934 1 purchased a portable feed grinding and wood sawing machine from Alberta Machinery in Camrose and rented a team of horses from Jack Herron. I travelled from farm to farm with wagon in summer and sleigh in winter. Sometimes I was paid for my work w ith farm produce, but mostly by cash. In the spring of 1935 I sold my feed -grinder and wood machine and purchased Thor Grahn's garage, International Harvester Co. machinery agency and his house. I also acquired the Red Head Oil and gas bulk agency, selling gas from two pumps in the garage and delivering bulk fuel to farmers throughout the district. My wife, Ellen sold gas and machine parts when I was busy repairing cars and tractors and doing other work.

Our first child, Sonia, was born at home on Oct. 26, 1935. There was a bad snowstorm that day. Petra Simonson was the midwife and Dr. Law from Tofield came through the snow in time to deliver the baby.

In 1936 1 bought a 1928 Model A Ford 1 1/2 ton truck and used it to haul coal from Round Hill to people in the Kingman area. In 1937 1 traded it for a new International 1 1/2 ton truck. This was a good truck. I used it to haul cattle and hogs from the farmers to Edmonton, grain to the elevators, as well as coal from the mines.

My wife's brother, Fed Grahn, came front the farm at Hay Lakes to work with me. He lived with us until he enlisted in the army.

Times were hard and to make extra money in the winters of 1938 and 1939 Norman Wideman, Ted and I trucked railroad ties out of the bush around Wildwood to the railway siding at Granada, west of Wildwood.

Our son Rodney was born at home on Jan. 10, 1940. Again Dr. Law came from Tofield to deliver the baby.

I carried on the garage and trucking business until 1945 when I sold it and the house and garage to Harley Schmidt. We moved back to Idie Thompson's log house for a few months and then moved to the United Grain Growers house.

In 1946 I went to work with Roy Molvik in construction, building houses and barns in the district. Later I went out in general construction, building schools throughout Alberta. During these years Ellen stayed home and looked after the family as always. She was also Kingman's News reporter for the Camrose Canadian for many years.

In 1953 we moved to Camrose and rented a home until 1956 when we moved into the house I built. My wife Ellen worked at Rosehaven for many years until she passed away Aug. 31, 1967.

On Dec. 30 , 1967 I married Bertha Schnick of Warburg. I continued in construction work until my retirement in 1978.

Sonia and Rodney grew up and went to school in Kingman Sonia went to Camrose Lutheran College to take grade 12 and went on to the University of Alberta for teacher training. She taught school at Hay Lakes and Camrose. In 1956 she married Philip Johnston and they have 2 children, Andrea and Laureen. They are now living in Spruce Grove.

Rodney went to Camrose High School. He worked in building construction for several years He is now living in Edmonton. Bertha and I are still living in the home that I built in Camrose.

ROSLAND, Arne -Arne was born in South Dakota in 1911. In 1915 he came with his parents to Dinant where he took his schooling. He worked in the Dinant mine from 1931 to 1940.

In May 1937 Arne married Doris Nelson from Bawlf. They resided in Round Hill and Camrose and then bought a farm south of Ohaton. Here they farmed for 18 years before retiring to Camrose in 1971.

They have one son Darrel born in 1940, He married Lila Smithson of' Bittern Lake and lives in Camrose. They have 2 children: Laura and Aaron.

ROSLAND, Carl - by Olaf Rosland -We came to Uncle Gabriel's from Norway in July 1922, I was nine years, Thorlief seven, Nanfred three and a half and Carlos was six months. I surely remember that day. We were dressed in heavy sailor suits and I was carrying a suitcase and crying because it was so doggone hot, and the flies were eating me up alive. We soon rented a house just east of the Bethlehem Church. I felt very badly done by when I had to attend summer school there. Then my dad put in a bid to the C.P.R. for SE 13-48-20-4 and got it. He bought a vacant house and moved it to the south side of the quarter and broke a few acres of the land. He seeded this land into oats, got a cow, built a shed of rails and in the fall threshed the straw over them to make a nice cow shed.

I remember school, where I sat for six months trying to learn English. One day the teacher asked a question and all the kids put their hand up, so I waved both of mine.

I got chummy with Eric Pearson, who was a Swede and two years older than I, and he taught me how to chew snuff. Somehow I earned some money to buy some but no matter how I hid it, mother would always find it. I also remember one day Eric and I played hooky from school (the longest day I ever spent). I climbed up the tallest tree around, because there was an eagles nest on top. The twigs were bigger than my fingers now, and the nest so big around that I could not reach into it to feel if there were eggs or chicks in it. I soon came down in an awful hurry w hen the eagles came swooping down at me.

While we lived here dad worked in the mine, and my brother Thorlief died of a Mastoid infection and was buried in the Bethlehem Cemetery.

I do not remember when the folks moved to Camrose, but Dad had the Rosland Meat Market there for a few years. Lillian and Irene were born there.

In 1932 we all moved to Vancouver where Dad did a lot of commercial fishing and lost his life in the Fraser River. Mother passed away a couple of years ago. The rest of the children are all in B.C.

ROSLAND, Gabriel - by Irva Gaalaas -Gabriel Rosland and his brother Carl were born in Kleppe, Norway. In 1901 they immigrated to Iowa in the United States, where they got work on the railroad. I remember him saying it was so hot that if an egg was broken on the rail, it would fry.

He rented land near Geddes, South Dakota. In July 1903, Johanna Pollastad left Norway to become his bride on July 31. In 1912 they returned to Norway with their four children. Two more children were born there.

Gabriel and Johanna Rosland with six children, Oscar, Guttorm, Irva, Arne, Theresa and Torger emigrated from Stavanger, Norway and arrived at Dinant in July 1915. They were acquainted with Mr. and Mrs. Lars Erga and spent their first few weeks with them.

Gabriel then purchased NW 12-48-20-4 from Mr. Swanson. The house was about 16 feet by 16 feet, a two-storied building with a lean-to at the back for storage. It was cosy but no room for children to play inside. Jeanette and Ole were born there. In 1918 a new and larger home was built east of the Dinant station which we moved into in the spring of 1919. Dad sold the fraction of land and house on the west side of the track to Theodore Bakken. In 1925 Dad hired Anton Oppen to build an addition to the house. Clara, Dorothy and Walter were born there.

When Gabriel came to Dinant he got a team of horses and started hauling coal from the Spicer Mine, about one and a half miles, to the loading platform at Dinant. All the coal was loaded by hand, and the teamsters had to be out every day regardless of the weather. When the railroad spur was laid to the mine he worked for the Dinant Mine as a helper in the blacksmith shop. Mother was kept busy with her large family. Bread had to be baked every other day, as a couple of loaves disappeared at each meal. They were members of the Bethlehem church and mother belonged to the Ladies' Aid Society.

The folks encouraged us all to be active in sports. Often we were so pressed for time we would not eat supper, and then there would be a raid on the bread box when we got home. In the spring of 1940 my folks, Dorothy and Walter moved to Camrose. Dad helped his sons in the Camrose Meat Market until his death in February 1949. Mother died in Bethany Home in August of 1973. Torger bought their farm.

ROSLAND, Guttorm (Lefty) - by Esther Rosland -Guttorm, was born in Geddes, South Dakota on Oct. 8, 1907, and arrived at Dinant with his folks in 1915. His first teacher was Mr. Vance. Guttorm, loved sports and started as catcher for the school team, and later was catcher for the Camrose Cubs. He was left-handed and soon was known as "Lefty ". His first job was hauling groceries to the mine residents from the local store. When he was older he got a job with the Canadian Dinant Coal Company laying track and driving the mine ponies underground. In 1932 he got his miner's certificate.

On June 14, 1933 he married Esther Skalin. In July 1934 we moved to Camrose where he worked for Mr. Lingjerde in the Camrose Meat Market. On June 6, 1936 Oscar and Guttorm bought the Meat Market from Mr. Lingjerde.

In 1946 he bought NE 13-48-20-4, the Oil Pull Rumely, and thresher from his brother-in-law Arthur Skalin. There were no buildings on this land so in the spring of 1947 we built a granary and moved into it on May 5. In the granary 1 had no housework so I learned how to blow stumps and stubborn roots with stumping powder while "Lefty" did the breaking. By the fall we had cleared 90 acres that had been pretty well covered with brush.

Lefty sold his share of the Meat Market to Ole and in March 1948 we sold our house in Camrose. We built a double garage that we lived in until 1955 when we built our new house. Our farm site was completed. In 1953 he started curling and loved competing there also. The last few years Lefty's heart was failing and he passed away on Oct. 19, 1971.

In March 1972 I sold the land to George Portas, had a sale on April 19 and on May 5,1972, 1 moved to Camrose, and am still busy with hobbies, and travelling.

ROSLAND, Ole -I was born Oct. 23, 1918 at Dinant, started school in 1925. The school teacher was Ned Reed. In 1934, the last year I went to school, the teacher was Simon Simonson. In the fall of 1938 I worked in the Dinant mine until March 1939. 1 worked on my dad's farm that summer and back to the mine in the fall of 1939 to Mar.1940.

Dad moved to Camrose and Torger and I rented the farm working in the mine in the winter and farming in the summer. In 1946 I worked in the butcher shop in Camrose. Guttrom left the butcher shop and I bought his share of the business.

On June 30, 1948 I married Eileen Mickelson. We have 3 children. Blaine, born 1954, is married and lives on the farm. Robert, born in 1957, and Kathy born in 1959 working in Camrose.

ROSLAND, Oscar - by Eleanor Rosland - Oscar was the eldest child of Gabriel and Johanna Rosland. He was born at Geddes, South Dakota in 1904. He lived several years in Norway. In 1915 he immigrated to Canada with his parents to reside at Dinant, Alberta, where he resumed his schooling.

In 1922 at the age of 18, he started work as a section hand for the C. N. R. In 1927 he purchased a Rumely tractor and with the help of his brother Guttorm, broke land for the farmers in the district. Harvest seasons were spent working in an elevator in southern Alberta. During the winter months he worked for the Dinant Coal Company.

In Sept. 1930 he apprenticed as a butcher for John Lingjerde in the Camrose Meat Market. In 1936 he and his brother Guttorm purchased the business from Mr. Lingjerde. He continued the business until his retirement in April 1970, at which time he sold the business to his brothers Ole and Walter.

In 1931 he married Eleanor Haspel. They had one daughter Marjorie, born in 1938. She married Don Dorosz who is an architect. They live in Calgary, Alberta.

Oscar passed away March 11, 1977.

ROSLAND, Torger - Torger Rosland was born in Kleppe, Norway on Dec. 8, 1914 and immigrated with his parents to Dinant in July 1915. Torger took all his schooling at Dinant and later started working in the mine. In March 1940 he married Melva Hillman.

His father then moved to Camrose and Torger took over the old farm. He later bought the west half of NE 12 from Mr. Budinski. Many wells were dug and bored on this farm, some were promising but always seemed to run dry, and water had to be hauled. In 1964 he sold the land to the Camrose Colony and the family moved to Camrose. They have three children, Arlene, Alien and Ardith. Torger is presently working at the Alberta Seed Cleaning Plant.

ROSLAND, Walter - by Adella Rosalnd - Walter was born Dec. 6, 1927 on the farm at Dinant, the youngest child of Gabriel and Johanna Rosland. His love of sports was passed down from his brothers and sisters. Walter started school in Dinant, moving to Camrose with his parents in the spring of 1940. Here he went to school and participated in all sports. He started working after school, and Saturdays at Camrose Meat Market until he was ready for full-time employment and later a partnership.

On Sept. 6, 1954, he married Adella Braa of Wetaskiwin. They have made their home in Camrose since then. They have four boys who have kept them busy through the years with school, Sunday School,Cubs, band, and all sports programs.

Donald, their eldest, is married to Karen Steiner. They live in Camrose where both are employed. Don is a mechanic at Lamb Ford. Rodney is married to Shelley Knutsvig, making their home in Lethbridge where he is employed by Calgary Power. Barry lives in Edmonton and is a partsman for Danny Andrews Good Time Centre. Warren their youngest son, who is 10 years old still keeps Dad and Mom busy with rides to here and there for many after school events.

Walt keeps busy with the Old-Timers' Hockey. The highlights were trips to Denmark and Eastern Canada. Dell keeps busy with the Camrose Recreation Association board, having been president for two years.

God has been good to them through the years. They celebrated their 25th Wedding Anniversary this year with family and friends.

ROSS, Jane (Swanson) - From the time I was a small girl I have wanted to travel and stories were an integral part of my childhood and they instilled within me images of other people and other places. In my early years my paternal grandmother lived on our farm. She told me stories of her childhood home in Sweden and urged me to visit some day in her stead. Having left Sweden at 18, she never had opportunity to return. My father was a wonderful story teller, able to create fine stories in any setting. And my mother read stories. Memories of her reading to my sister, Marion, and me, while sitting on the oven door at our Edberg farm are warm and friendly ones.

Happily, dreams for seeing part of the world have come true for me as part of life and work. To date, there have been opportunities for extensive travel in North America, Europe, Africa, and Asia. A postsecondary education in nursing and anthropology provided useful skills and human insight applicable in any geographical location.

In 1966 I married Jack Ross of Corry, Pennsylvania. Our honeymoon consisted of a three year stint from 1966-69 in Sierra Leone, West Africa, working in health and education with the Missionary Church of Africa. During that initial period in Africa we noted that the indigenous peoples possessed their own classification systems of health and disease. We believed that in order to facilitate acceptance of, and compliance with improved principals of health care, these systems must be known. Presently, thanks to a fellowship from the Canadian International Development Agency and to physical support by the Missionary Church of Africa, we are studying traditional medicines, beliefs, and practices of the Kuranko of northeastern Sierra Leone. The Kuranko are careful observers of their environment and have developed a rich inventory of herbal remedies for easing some of the harsh symptoms of many tropical conditions.

We feel very privileged to work in this remote place, attempting to find ways of assisting these people in their own development. Often, as I wander through the thatch-roof villages, images posited by Sunday School papers quicken, binding me again in an exciting way with my early childhood. And I feel at home; at home both in Kingman and Kamaron.

Living in Africa has shown us a different way of living, and has given us a respect for a blend of things modern and ancient. Ido not think that any civilization can be called complete until it has progressed from sophistication to unsophistication, and made a conscious return to simplicity of thinking and living.--Lin Yutang, The Importance of Living, 1938.

ROTH, Ferne (Stutzman) - My parents are Milo and Barbara Stutzman. In 1936 I married Joe Roth and we live on a farm SE-17-49-18-W4. We have four children Lois, Patsy, Barbara and Richard. Lois is married to Ed Friesen and they live at Fairview, Alberta. Patsy who married Glenford Detwiler lives at Long Beach, Mississippi. Barbara and Mervin Yoder live at Barrhead, Alberta. Richard married Joyce Olson of Provost and they live on our farm and farm with us.

I took all my ten school terms in Kingman. Teachers I recall include Mr. Peterson, Mr. Patterson Mr. Baty, Mr. Butchart, Simon Simonson and Mr. Sparby. When Mr. Sparby was teacher we practised a Maypole drill for the Christmas program on the second floor of the school before it was finished for use. Mr. Sparby played his Hawaiian guitar for the accompaniment. I also remember how sad I felt when one of my best friends, Evelyn Horte, died of an appendectomy. She was 11 years old. When Ross Flemming was in grade one he ran out of the school to chase a gopher that he saw through the open door. We drove to school with a horse and cutter. One day the horse shied right by the station, dumping Verba, Nathan and I, cream and eggs out.

There was close competition all ten years of school with Henry Simonson and Harry Erickson. The school enrollment increased when Pretty Hill, Coal Hill and Farmington pupils came to Kingman for Grade Nine.

These are just a few of my recollections of my years in Kingman.

ROTH, Lee - Lee Roth left Nebraska, U.S.A. looking for ---TheLand of Promise---. Along with his wife Mary Ann, they moved to the farm owned by Oliver Cromwell Blackburn.

It was through the influence of 0. C. Blackburn that Mennonite friends settled in the Kingman area. He developed the land and rented it out on a crop share basis. He was regarded with respect and was a welcome visitor because of his generous ways and genial nature. When he became too old to drive his car, he sold his land on crop share payments over long periods of time. Parts of this story on 0. C. Blackburn are taken from the book---Land of Promise-, by John H. Blackburn, edited by John Archer.

Lee Roth rented this farm located at W 1/2-26-49-19-W4 Tofield for a number of years and later bought it, making a living by grain farming, milking cows, raising chickens, ducks, geese, and turkeys.

Mrs. Roth was well-known for her artistic ability in decorating wedding cakes. Her home was open to expectant Mothers before Tofield Hospital was built. Mr. and Mrs. Roth lived on the farm from 1921 till their health failed in 1970, and then moved to Camrose. They passed away in Sept. 1972.

Born to Lee and Mary Ann were daughters Wilma, Lily, and a son Lyle. All three attended Farmington School. Lyle for just one year. The rest of his education was taken at Bardo. They had two and a half miles to walk to Farmington, so used to cut across the field of Percy Sutton which shortened the distance. They never wasted time going by Fergstads as they were scared to death of their hounds. Dust storms would sometimes make it necessary to lie in the ditch beside the road until the storm abated or their dad would come and pick them up. They went to school in any kind of temperature. The school was heated with a furnace at the back of the room yet the lunches would be frozen at noon. Many times their skirts were scorched because they got too close to the furnace. In those days there were 30 children in 8 grades. One teacher was responsible for all of them. Some real highlights were the Christmas concerts where everyone would attend, and more than fill the school; also the Valentine parties held in the teacherage with hot chocolate and trimmings. Some outstanding teachers they had were Selmer Olsonberg, Ed Lindberg, and Cliff Simonson.

Whilma Roth married Clarence Lauber Mar. 8, 1942. They moved east five miles to the Dodds district and farmed for 25 years, going to Edmonton in 1967. Clarence is employed with Palm Dairies, and Whilma has worked at "The Bay" for 13 years.

They have five daughters and one son. Beverley is married to Glenn Knudslien and they are farming north of Ryley. They have three daughters Rhonda, Roxy, and Robin. Joanne married Merlin Rude. They farm south of Tofield. Their children are Wally, Trudy, Angie, and Jody. James Lee married Linda Martin of Duchess, Alberta, and live on a farm north of there. Jim has the Chrysler Dealership in Brooks, Alberta. They have two children, Stephanie and Jamie. Mary Lou married Dr. Bryce Weir. Mary Lou is an X-ray technician, but at the moment is a homemaker. Wendy is married to Carl Wolgien who is employed with Real Estate. Wendy is supervisor with the Workmen's Compensation Board. They have no children. Lynn the last daughter, but not least is employed with North West Trust Company.

Lily Roth married Wayne Yoder, June 24, 1945. They lived on the J. L. Yoder farm from that time till Jan., 1952. During that period, Sylvia was born Mar. 7, 1946 and Beatrice Oct. 6, 1947. From the farm they moved to Round Hill where Wayne worked for Stan Bosman in his store for two years, then buying Ray Mackwood's share, who was in partnership with Victor Pederson in his store. The name was changed to the Y & P Store. Lily and Wayne eventually bought the business which became known as, " Yoder's General Store.They also had the Post office for a number of years. In the meantime Joan was born Feb. 28, 1952 and Ken arrived Jan. 23, 1956. In 1970 they moved to Camrose where Wayne drives a truck for Builders Supplies and Lily works as receptionist at Hansen's Denture Clinic. Sylvia married Murray Lauber Aug. 6, 1966. They live in Camrose where Murray is Principal of the High school at C.L.C. They have two children, Pam and Heidi, Beatrice married Richard Foshaug Sept. 15, 1965. He is assistant manager of the Alberta Wheat Pool Seed Division in Red Deer and Beatrice works in Red Deer Nursing Home. Their children are Dawn, Penni and Crystal. Joan married Albert Kosinski, May 29, 1971 and lives in Camrose. He works as partsman for Superior Motors. They have two children, Juanita and Trevor. Ken married Brenda Falkenberg, July 28, 1979. He works for Ace Construction and she for the Royal Bank. They reside on a farm near the city.

Lyle Roth was born and lived most of his life on the farm located at SW 26-49-19-W4 where he has a dairy operation. He attended Farmington School one year and then went to Bardo School. Transportation was by horse or bike. He married Annie Friesen of Duchess. They have five children. Arthur married Eileen Ertman of Millet, Alberta. They live in Edmonton where he is employed at Lori Oil Field Rentals. Curtis of Edmonton works at Procor Ltd., as a welder Victor of Tofield is employed on a dairy farm. Verleen of Tofield attends high school and Robin of Tofield is a student.

ROVANG, Leslie - by Letba Rovang - In the fall of 1942, my husband, Leslie Rovang, and I, our two children, Donna and Jerry, and Leslie's brother, Victor, moved to the Kingman district and settled on the Willie Bjorgurn farm, now the home of Fred and Nancy Evenson. Donna was in grade three at the time, and attended Coal Hill School. We boarded the teacher, Miss Peggy Haynes of Edmonton. This was Peggy's first experience with country life and an experience it really must have been for her as she had never been out of the city before. Many times she was ready to resign and move back to the city, especially when she woke up to a blizzard and practically had to crawl on her knees to school, but she was a game little person and stayed two full terms. She married a lawyer, Mr. Ken Rootes. They live in Edmonton.

Victor joined the army after helping us to get settled, so his stay at Kingman was short. He is now retired and lives in Edmonton. In the spring of 1944 we bought a farm in the Swea district. Vertus Herron helped us move. This is where we made our home until the fall of 1968, when we retired to Camrose. Leslie passed away Jan. 25, 1978.

Donna married Gordon Haukedal of New Norway. Gordon works for Hudson Bay Oil and Gas. They live on an acreage at Buck Creek, 13 miles south of Drayton Valley, Alberta. They have three sons, Blaine, Shane and Lane. Blaine is a graduate of N. A. I.T. in natural resources and works for Calgary Power. He married Connie Scrybalo of Alder Flats and they make their home at Wabamun.

Jerry married Betty Wideman, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Norman Wideman. They have three children, Mark, Kimberley and Sandra. Jerry is a contractor in commercial buildings. They make their home in Edson.

I still five in my home in Camrose.

RUD, Cliff - In Oct. 1937, Cliff Rud from New Norway, purchased the General Store Business at Dinant from C. Roney and later purchased the building from Mr. E Cail. This included the local Post Office plus Cashier for the Alberta Wheat Pool and United Grain Growers elevators. Later he drove the school bus for the two schools.

Dinant store was the boarding place for the school teachers, and through the years, included Isabel Newcombe, Laverne Anderson, Elizabeth Peterson, Percy Simonson, and George Annesley. Wheat Pool Agents who boarded there were Ted Sweet, Tony Lefsrude, and Mr. Noonan.

In the fall of 1947, the store was sold to Mr. Fred Harris. The Ruds moved to Camrose where Mr. Rud went into business until 1972, when they moved to Victoria to retire.

Buddy Rud came to Dinant with his parents at the age of two years. He began school there in 1941, his first teacher being Miss Elizabeth Peterson. He completed High School in Camrose in 1952, and that same year entered Royal Roads Military College, completing his Officer's training in Kingston Royal Military College four years later. In 1956, he married Barbara Heworth, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Harold Heworth of Camrose. Bud spent four years overseas as an Air Force pilot being stationed in France and Germany. Upon his return to Canada he entered Medical school at the University of Alberta, graduating in 1971. He served as Medical Director at various Air Force bases and is presently stationed in Toronto where he is Medical Director at the Defence and Civil Institute of Environmental Medicine.

Bud and Barbara have four sons, Barry, Jeffrey, Timothy and Michael. A daughter, Bunny Lynn, died in infancy.

SANDBOE, Carl - by Cecile Angen - In 1905, Carl Sandboe and his sister, Gunda, came to Kingman from Elverum, Norway. Carl was 17 years old and went to work for his uncle, Pete Scramstad, and spent the winter cutting brush for $15.00 a month. In 1906, he decided to leave Kingman and worked at various jobs for the next eight years. He worked in Vancouver for several years and later for the Grand Trunk Railway.

His parents, Johannes and Karen, brother Sigurd and sister Christine arrived from Norway in 1907. His parents farmed near Kingman. His other sister, Inga, left Norway in 1910 and came to Edmonton.

Carl and Sigurd were ardent skiers and took part in ski competitions in Edmonton and Camrose in 1913 and 1914 and won many prizes.

In 1914, Carl joined a party of Norwegians and made the trip over the Edson Trail to the Peace River country. He filed on homesteads for himself and his brother, Sigurd, west of what is now the hamlet of La Glace. He then returned to Edmonton, met Sigurd and his parents, and went back to the Peace River country. They reached their homesteads one month later, in the fall of the year. They felled timber and built a log house and barn and dug a well, put up feed for six horses, two cows, and a heifer before winter. In the spring of 1915, father and sons broke land and planted a crop. One year later Carl left the farm, went to Grande Prairie and enlisted and was in the army for eight months.

In 1919, Carl sold his homestead and bought a cultivated half section north of La Glace. He met Clara Torgerson and they were married in 1919. They farmed for three years and in 1922 they and their daughter, Cecile, moved to Kingman where Carl worked on the railway. They lived there about a year during which time a son, Raymond, was born. He passed away and is buried in the Kingman cemetery.

Carl was appointed section foreman and moved to Hawkins. This was their home for three years. Their second daughter, Eunice, was born there and another son, whom they named Raymond, also.

Then the family moved to Tako, Saskatchewan to a similar job with the C. N. R. Here Gordon was born. They stayed until 1929, when they moved back to the farm in the Peace River country. Then came the depression. This time they stuck it out but moved to a half section northeast of their first farm, grew grain and raised cattle, getting by the best they could. Three more sons were born, Cyril, Talbert and Chester.

They retired in 1959 and moved to Grande Prairie. The five boys took over the farming and now farm about twenty-one quarters of land together. They are all married.

Cecile married Olaf Angen and they live in La Glace and farm north of La Glace. They have three children; Garry, Gail and Rosemarie. Eunice is married to Chic Gregary and they live in Calgary and have three children; Carol, Sharon and Dennis. Raymond married Helen Halvosen and they have a family of four; Marlene, Kerry, Judy and Darcey. Gordon married Kristine Pederson and they have three boys and one girl; David, Gregory, Kim and Terri Lynn. Cyril is married to Rosemarie Coltrell and they have a family of three; Connie, Zelda and Wade. Talbert married Ruby Johnson and she has three children by her first marriage. Chester married Joan Rude and they have two boys and one girl; Dale, Cindy and Curtis.

Clara passed away in 1970 and Carl in 1971.

SATERLEE, - Mr. and Mrs. Saterlee moved to the N.E. 26-48-20-4 in 1922 after the Sizer sale. They had one son Alvin who attended the Pretty Hill School. The Saterlee's lived here for a couple of years and then they left for the States.

The land was then rented to a bachelor by the name of Mr. Arneberg for a few years. He was a dog lover. After Mr. Arneberg left George MePhedran rented it for a few years.

Later this land was bought by Charlie Johnson. His daughter and her husband, Alma and Pete Feragen, lived there a few years. It was then that Bernard and Mary Johnson became the owners.

SCHERBANIUK, Mark & Katherine - My grandparents came from westem Ukraine, which was then under Austrian rule. The feudal system allowed the nobility to own most of the land, leaving small portions to the poor. This gave my grandparents (Mark and Katherine) a mere existence, and no opportunity for their growing children. Having read about Canada, where land was plentiful and cheap, Grandpa decided to sell his small holding and book passage. This was a hard decision to make, considering his age, 60, and his love for his homeland, relatives, and friends. But in March, 1901 he sailed for Canada with his wife and 4 children: Kris, Fred, Anton, and Mary; leaving behind their son Tunas (who was serving in the Austrian cavalry) and their married daughter Julia and her husband John Boychuk.

They arrived at their destination, Strathcona, Northwest Territories, in June of 1901. After passing immigration they were brought out to their homestead site on July 12, 1901. The original homestead is four miles south of Kingman, which was then ranching country. Their first need was a shelter, which they built of cut trees covered with branches and lined with grass. This shelter proved to be inadequate during rainy periods. Therefore they immediately started work on a log house, while Granny dried mushrooms and berries for the coming winter. Fortunately game was plentiful; the rabbits and grouse provided needed food for the family. They moved into their log house with thatched roof by winter and Grandpa went to British Columbia to work in the mines. That winter they were joined by the Berenda family from Sandy Lake, Saskatchewan. Mr. Berenda and Grandpa's son Fred cut logs during the winter for the Berenda home.

Next spring, Grandpa and his son Fred joined a rancher and went to Strathcona for supplies. On the return trip, they stopped at one of the ranches for the night. Here, Grandpa was able to obtain a cow for his family, but had to leave his son to work that summer in payment. This same spring, they planted two spruce trees in front of their log house. One of these trees is still growing today, remaining as a landmark of their first home site. The summer of 1902 saw the arrival of their daughter and her husband (the John Boychuck family), who stayed with them until moving onto their own homestead at Round Hill. Seeing the need for spiritual guidance for his children, Grandpa had Rev. Father Dydyk celebrate the first Mass for the new settlers at his home in December, 1902.

In the year of 1905, they were joined by their son Tunas, his wife and child. The next few years were spent in opening up the land and working out to make a living. Then in 1908, the four boys went to Myrnam where they took and developed homesteads of their own.

Due to my grandfather Mark's failing health, my dad Anton sold his homestead at Myrnarn and returned home in 1914. Also in that year his sister Mary married Joe Proskow and they lived with the family until 1918 when they went to live on their own land. In March, 1919 Grandpa passed away. In June of that year, my father Anton took Julia Pewar for his wife and they continued to farm the old homestead.

I was born in Dec. 1920 and my sister Olga in Sept. of 1924. In 1922 we were joined by Dad's nephew and niece, Phil and Katherine Scherbaniuk, who stayed with us until they went on their own in 1929. My Dad passed away in spring of 1929 and Mother was remarried to Dave Semenchuk. Grandma went to stay with her daughter, Mary Proskow, later living with her daughter Julia Boychuk until the time of her passing in 1932. In Oct. 1930 my brother Edward was born. As kids we took our schooling at Poznan, Dinant, and Kingman. After finishing school, sister Olga worked for the Government of Alberta at the Administration Building in Edmonton until her marriage to Alf Ames in 1947, when they moved to Pincher Creek. They later moved to Salmon Arm, B.C. where they operate a building supply store. Mother and her husband farmed until 1951 when they retired to Camrose. Also in 1951 brother Ed married Joyce Gilarowski and left to work for a seismic company. Later he and his family moved to the Seattle, Washington area where they live today.

In Nov. 1951 I married Anne Swerda from Round Hill and we continued to live on the old homestead. The spring of 1954, 1 started to work at Rosehaven in Camrose. With the help of my wife I also continued to farm, retiring from Rosehaven in May, 1978.

Our first-born was our daughter, Joanne in Nov. of 1952. She took her schooling at Round Hill, followed by one year at Camrose Lutheran College and three years at the University of Alberta, where she received her Bachelor of Education degree. She taught school for one year in Spirit River, then moved to Victoria, B.C. where she married Captain Peter McCully in 1976. They continue to reside in Victoria, where she is presently employed in the personnel office of the Coast Guard Service.

Our son Allan was born in Sept. 1954. He took his schooling at Round Hill, two years at Camrose Lutheran College, and one year at the University of Alberta, receiving his Bachelor of Science. He is presently employed as a wellsite geologist and continues to help us with farming during spring and fall.

Many things have changed but Anne and I still live on the original Scherbaniuk homestead.

SCHMIDT, Daryl - Married Genesta Blenkhorn of Tatamagouche, Nova Scotia on Dec. 27, 1973. On Dec. 21, 1973 they left Edmonton heading for Nova Scotia to be married. When they left that morning the weather was cold but sunny, when they reached Halifax that evening it was storming so bad the plane could not land so they headed for Newfoundland where they landed and everyone was taken to the motel. They were quite concerned because they had to have their marriage license the next day in order to be married on the 27th. They didn't get back until late the next night but all their luggage didn't. Daryl's suitcase with his suit was left in Toronto. Luckily they knew the lady who issued the marriage licenses so she back dated it for them and the day before the wedding the airlines found the suitcase and had it back to them. It was quite a week.

They then flew back to Edmonton where they lived for five months. They moved to Sherwood Park where their three children Mark, Dean, and Charlene were born. When Charlene was three months old they bought a house at Antler Lake, 16 miles east of Sherwood Park where Mark goes to kindergarten and Dean goes to playschool one day a week.

Daryl works as a bricklayer for Pockar Bros. Masonary in Edmonton. He had previously spent over two years at Camrose City Bakery before going to Meadowlark Safeway Bakery.

SCHMIDT, Donald & Carol - Donald and I were married in June of 1970 and moved onto the Oscar Simonson farm which Donald had been renting. The first year was busy as Donald stayed working in Camrose for the Transit Mix, farmed the 1/2 section, and took flying lessons. I was unable to get a full-time teaching position so spent several months of the year filling in as a substitute. The following year Donald quit his Camrose job and spent the next two summers farming and the winters working up in the Arctic Circle on the oil rigs.

The Oscar Simonson farm was sold in the summer of 1973 to Julius Turi and we moved into Kingman, where we bought the Malinda Dettwiler house (more recently known as Johnny Johnson's). While there, we bought Leonard Wideman's, milk cows and found ourselves in the dairy business. I taught school full-time in Kingman for two years and in Round Hill for a partial year, until the birth of our daughter.

Both our children, Eryn (born 1974) and Evan (born 1976) were born while we lived in Kingman. When Evan was five weeks old we moved to the Nathan Stutzman farm, which had been bought by Dave and Jean Terrault of St. Albert. Here we raised an average of 16,000 fryers and roasters every 14 weeks. That's not bad for someone who said she'd never touch a chicken! We also keep the calves and feeders from our dairy herd here but milk the cows one and a half miles away at Donald's Dad's place.

In the last three years we have become keenly interested in draft horses, Our first purchase was a blonde Belgian stallion which at four years of age, weighs over a ton. That same fall we bought four Clydesdales (two mares and their fillies). Donald broke and trained the fillies and stallion. We use them around the farm for cleaning the barns, joyriding, and trips to church on Sunday. He spends his slacker winter months polishing and decorating harnesses, building wagons and following the horse sale bills.

In 1977 we sold our house in Kingman and bought the 1/4 section NW-15-49-19-4. I still substitute teach. Donald and I are both active in the Baptist Church and thoroughly enjoy living in this community.

SCHMIDT, Elmer & Emma - by Homer Schmidt -The spring of 1929 marked the arrival of the Elmer Schmidt family to the Kingman district. Elmer, his wife Emma, and four children, Aimee, Harley, Homer, and Barbara had emigrated from Minnesota. Elmer had visited the district the previous fall to call on his aunt and uncle, the A. C. Somas. This was a change of plans for Dad as he had been on his way to locate land in the Peace River Country. He had been discouraged in doing so, as the only available land was many miles from the railroad. While on this visit he purchased a quarter N.E. 21-49-19 known as the Tretvold farm.

Tretvold had purchased the land from the C.P.R. in 1910. Many families called the quarter (home) until 1929. It then became the home of the Elmer Schmidts until 1944, when they moved to a new home in Kingman. It is still in the Schmidt family, as it has been Homer's home since 1946.

The depression began in the year of 1929, so the first years for the folks were a real struggle. Uncle Roy (dad's brother) had come from Minnesota to help with the first harvest. There was little to harvest that fall, as the whole crop was threshed before noon. Dad often told that if it hadn't been for the thirty dollars a month for board and room from the teacher (Selmer Olsonberg) we'd all have starved.

Farming at this time was done with four horses and some well worn machinery. In 1936 dad purchased his first tractor. I recall as time passed, dad was able to rent additional land, get better and bigger machinery, and this, along with better yields and rising prices, farming conditions improved. All in all our land has been good to my folks and us.

In 1936 dad bought an entire herd of 36 cattle from an Edberg farmer for three hundred and seventy-five dollars. The five cows sold for one cent a pound and the remaining two year olds for one and one half cents a pound. This wasn't much of a return for the poor farmer compared to today's cattle prices.

One fall mom cooked for two threshing crews at one time. This included breakfast, dinner, lunch, and supper. Our threshing crew included the Boettgers and Widemans, the other was the Charlie Fergstad crew.

Another memory of the farm is having to stay home two or three days every spring and fall to help "put away- the meat. Dad and the boys did the butchering and smoking. Mom and the girls made brines for ham and bacon, ground meat into sausage to be smoked later, and canned jars of meat.

The Second World War brought about many family changes for the Schmidts, as it did for many other families. Aimee, Harley, and Homer served in the R.C.A.F., while Barbara served in the Navy.

Memories of school days at Farmington come back to all four of us, some pleasant and some not so pleasant. The school contained one teacher, forty to fifty pupils in grades one to eight, a big black Waterbury furnace, drinking fountain, frozen lunches and frozen ink in winter, books, boards, and forbidden paper wads.

The school was not only a place of learning but a place to meet and play with other children. The cold of winter usually meant indoor games at noon and recess. During a vigorous game of tag, in the winter of 1934 Aimee broke her leg. Dad had to haul a load of oats to get the seven dollars needed for the x ray and setting.

Christmas concerts were a gala event at Farmington, with a full house assured. At one memorable concert Santa accidently backed into the lighted candles on the tree. Fortunately the resulting fire was soon extinguished.

The annual year end picnic was an enjoyable outing for the whole community. The feast was potluck dinner with plenty of ice cream for dessert. The rest of the day was for games, sports, or maybe just visiting.

The old school was moved to dad's farm many years ago where it serves as a garage and shop to this day.

Family visits to and from Minnesota were frequent. The folks in later years made visits annually. It was while on one of these trips in 1962, that dad passed away. Mother later moved to Camrose and retired there until her passing in 1976.

Dad and Mom were always active members of Grace Lutheran Church in Camrose. Dad served on the Farmington School Board, County of Camrose School Committee, and County of Beaver Municipal Board. The folks took an active part in most community affairs. Dad's favorite sports were hunting and fishing. I'm sure the folks were happy to have chosen this part of Alberta as their home.

Aimee Evans (widowed) lives and works in the Hamilton, Ontario area.

Harley and his wife, Margaret (Winder) have six children and live on a farm east of Kingman.

Homer and Donalda (Pearson) live on the original Schmidt farm. Their daughter Denise, husband Jim Otto, and daughter Kyla live on the quarter south of Homer's known as the Hartschen place.

Barbara MacLean and husband Ron have two sons Trent and Scott. They make their home in Ottawa.

SCHMIDT, Harley & Margaret- When Donald was a year old, Harley decided he wanted to farm, so we moved to the former Poulsen farm. This led to livestock - so: Grandpa Schmidt bought Wayne and Donald a lamb each. This really went over with the boys, they bottle-fed and played with them constantly; but the first thing we knew they were ready for market. Herb Asp picked them up on his way to Edmonton, now this didn't meet with the approval of the boys by any means. They vowed that Herb would never come here again if that was all he could do. Needless to say, we never again kept sheep.

After Daryl came along, we decided that the boys should have a dog, but this sure snowballed, three different people brought us a pup, so there we were with three balls of fur. Now the bunk house had a well under the one end, with a trap door in the floor, this had been used for hanging butter, and cream pails, etc. Well these pups didn't bother with trap doors they just crawled under the building from the outside and down the well they fell (no water in it). How to get them out, it was so narrow. Finally we tied a pail to a long rope and lowered it down in hopes that they would get into it and be brought up, most naturally when you wanted them in the pail they just wouldn't get in, so nothing for it but to look for a long pole to help push them in the pail. After several hours of this manipulating we finally got them in the pail, and were able to bring them up to be received by three tear-stained faces. Lo and behold, the next morning if we didn't have to repeat the whole affair again, well, that led to a double cover on the well, plus a reduction in pups.

Harley's Dad had bought the Hoflin land, so in the fall of 1954 we moved down there. In the spring of 1955, Lynn Marie, arrived. She was the pride and joy of the boys, and when she took her first steps their buttons nearly burst.

Guy Owen, arrived in 1958, he was so small and did nothing but sleep all the time, much to the disappointment of the other four. Nolan Karl, our caboose-, as his father used to call him, arrived in 1963. Since he was over a month old when he came home, he was quite able to command attention even from Dad. Not many years after this event Wayne decided to get married, and the following year we moved again, this time to the former Aage Baasch farm, where we are still residing.

Lynn, completed her schooling in Camrose Composite High. After graduation she went to work in Edmonton. In 1974 she married Lawrence Wideman, son of Mr. and Mrs. Floyd Wideman. She went to work for the Bank of Commerce and is at present an accountant in the Sherwood Park branch. They have one daughter. Jodi Lynn, and reside in Sherwood Park.

Guy, also attended Kingman elementary and finished his high school in Camrose. After leaving school, he went to work with his brother Daryl, as bricklayer. In 1979 he married Terry, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. R. Nimmon, of Sherwood Park. They make their home in Antler Lake, and have one son, Peter.

Nolan, the only one still at home, attended Kingman elementary, before going to Camrose for his High school, and is at present in grade 11.

Wayne, Donald, and Daryl have their own histories.

SCHMIDT, Wayne- Wayne Peter Schmidt, eldest son of Margaret and Harley Schmidt, married Linda Erickson of Tofield, June 18, 1966. Wayne worked as a mechanic at The Trading Corral in Camrose for four years. Their eldest child Neil was born in Camrose Jan. 9, 1968. He was the first of a group of babies born in the Kingman District that year. They had moved out to Nathan Stutzman's farm that year and Linda remembers the first New Year's Eve spent at Kingman. They invited the Skoglunds and Thompsons over to skidoo in the New Year, along with two other young couples with babies. Gloria Skoglund and Linda Schmidt decided to go skidooing close to midnight and they left the men in the house with five babies. Feeling quite smug, they decided to meet the other three girls and were just going through the trees when suddenly a man jumped out in front of the skidoo from a group of trees, scaring them half to death. The man turned out to be Nathan Stutzman going out to check the chickens, and he had decided to have his own New Year's fun.

It was hard to leave Kingman two years later as they had made many friends and had a lot of good times. Wayne started working at R. Angus Caterpillar in Edmonton, where he stayed ten years.

Neil was joined by a brother, Michael Harley on Oct. 29, 1970. In 1972 they moved to Sherwood Park where they bought their first house. A daughter, Marlis Rae, was born Dec. 13, 1973. Looking back to Wayne's parents' ratio of five sons to one daughter they were delighted to break the trend of all sons. However, two years later they had their third son, Brent Matthew, on Nov.7, 1975.

During this time Wayne decided to buy his own cat and formed Waylin Construction. He also works for Master Excavations in Edmonton as their mechanic. Spare time is spent hunting and fishing, something he avidly enjoys, and learned from his Grandpa Schmidt. Skidooing and watching his sons play hockey fills in any other spare time.

SCOTVOLD - Lars and Mariet Scotvold farmed in Melhus, Trondhjem, Norway. Their son John Lars, one of 12 children, was born in 1867. Two years later, Lars moved his family to a homestead in Centerville, South Dakota. In 1891 John married Sophia Olson of Ocean, Iowa. There were 7 children in this family - Edna, Lydia, Harold, Conrad, Esther, Thomas and Clara.

Along with other relatives, Lars and Mariet Scotvold moved to Canada, settling in Camrose, Alberta. In 1914, following the death of his eldest daughter in 1911, John also came to the Camrose area and purchased section 17 of Twp. 49-Rge. 19-W4th in the Lake Demay district. John hired two carpenters, Mr. Victor Osness and Mr. John Johnson, to build a granary and a shed for horses on his newly acquired farm. John returned to South Dakota for the winter and in the early spring of the following year (1915) brought his family, household items, machinery, and horses to the Demay Siding. With help from the Hanson and Loveseth families already here, they moved into the granary to live until the farmhouse was ready that fall. It was a busy time with land clearing and fencing to be done.

Harold and Conrad worked with their father on the farm and were employed at the Spicer and Dinant Coal Mines during the winters. Esther and Tom attended the Poznan School which was close by. In March of 1918, Sophia, John and daughter Lydia returned to South Dakota for a visit. Lydia remained there and was later married to Olaf Blake. During this time more land was being cleared and cattle were added to the farming venture.

Now the youngest child, Clara, began her schooling at Poznan. This school was the community center for such activities as basket socials, Christmas programs and picnics. The family attended the Bethlehem church north of Dinant.

Harold, the eldest son, married Wilma Harber (a teacher at the Poznan School for a few years) and continued to farm at the home place. Conrad married Ann Wilk of Round Hill and worked as a steam engineer for the Luscar Mines, moving on to other mines, including Gunnar Mines near Uranium City. Esther attended Camrose Lutheran College and then spent some time at home taking care of her mother before marrying Henning Anderson and moving to a farm in the Bawlf area. Tom married Gladys Jamison, also a teacher at the Poznan School. They moved to Edmonton and owned a grocery store and butcher shop. Clara continued her schooling at Camrose Lutheran College and Camrose Normal School. She also took some training at the Ponoka Hospital. In later years she made her home in Round Hill as her husband Bennie Lomnes was principal of the school there for 11 years.

The Scotvold farm was a stopping place for anyone travelling to and from Camrose. It was the scene of happy family get-togethers, neighborhood gatherings and winter skating parties for many years.

SCRAMSTAD, Daniel C. - My parents were Peder and Dorthea Scramstad. My sister, Gunda Molvik, and I were born in Moorhead, Minnesota. My Uncle, Simon Simonson, had already come to the Kingman district. He wrote to my father,---"This is the place to come and live." So --- we came, on Feb. 1st, 1901 from Moorhead, Minnesota. Dad's homestead is where Oscar Simonson lived for many years. Dad also bought a quarter section of land across the road, which he sold later.

I went to Willow Flats School the first day it opened. It was later called Farmington School. My first teacher was Miss Swabrick, next was Miss Edna Abercrombie, then Mr. Gow, followed by Mr. Younie.

We moved to Camrose in 1905 or 1906 and lived there until 1919. Then I moved to Galahad where I opened a store. I left Galahad in 1925 to work for the Great Western Garment Co. I continued with them for 33 years until my retirement. I have made my home in Edmonton for many years. My children were born in Galahad, Camrose and Edmonton, but none of them ever lived in Kingman or district.

SEIDEL, Mary - In the spring of the year 1900 when I was 4 years old, my parents, Anna Kontek, 41 years of age, and Mike Budynski, 45, together with their 7 children, left the village of Pszomels in the province of Yaroslav, Galicia, Austria, for Canada.

My father had heard of the land that was available from a former neighbor who had already established a flour mill in the area where we finally settled. The miller, who I remember was called "Mac", had written telling of the opportunities in the new land for the many sons my father had, teen-age boys without any future in poor, crowded Central Europe.

My father sold all he possessed and with little else but hope, set out with his family. We arrived in Halifax in the early spring of 1900, and waited there for a train to take us west to Edmonton. I can remember that when it was time to get on the train my brother, Stanley, 6 years old, could not be found. 1 cried and cried that my brother was lost, and we might have to go on without him. But all turned out well, because at the last minute some people brought him to us.

When we arrived in Edmonton the immigration officials sent us to Sandy Lake to a farm owned by a Mr. Chadberg. We stayed at this place for a year. Other families like us were there. My brothers and father worked on Mr. Chadberg's farm, and my father left it at times to look for good homestead land. I remember that my sister Kay was born in Beaumont in Nov. 1900.

All of the younger children from the several families played together. I can remember the hayloft in particular. We used to climb up and jump down, until one child sprained his ankle. It must have been very hard for my mother to look after 7 children and a new baby in a strange land where she did not know the language or where she would be living.

The Homestead At that time the family was as follows: Mother, Father, Frank (17), Tom (12). Mike (10), Anna (8), Stanley (6), Mary (4), Bill (1), and Kay just born. It was with great joy that we learned we would be leaving in the spring for our own place.

Father had built a two room log house on the northwest quarter of Section 18-48-19-4. The three other quarters in that section were settled at the same time by three other families with whom we had become acquainted at Sandy Lake.

We left Edmonton in May 1901 with all we possessed, a team of "Cayuses", a wagon and a walking plough. When we got to the homestead, there was almost a foot of snow on the ground. None of the children had shoes, so we ran as fast as we could from the wagon to our new home. My father had built an oven of mud and clay, so you can imagine the bustling there was to start a fire to warm us and feed us. We climbed right on top of the stove to get warm!

My father, who was a good carpenter, started building a chicken coop and barn from logs he cut and notched. There were no nails. The logs were chinked with mud and clay. We started from scratch, land to he cleared, well dug, chickens, and sheep to be purchased, children to be fed and clothed.

Father made the trip to Edmonton a few times with horse and wagon until Camrose was built. On one occasion, a neighbor gave him some money for a sack of flour. Father made the trip into Edmonton safely, taking a shortcut through St. Joseph Lake. He filed on another homestead for my oldest brother, Frank, bought the flour, and was ready to start back early the next day. During the night it rained very heavily. The next day, the water at St. Joseph Lake had risen so high that the horses began to swim and the water covered the wagon. Father hung onto the horses and came safely to the other side, but the flour didn't make it. What a loss that was!

In the next two or three years I remember other homesteaders coming to stay overnight with us. They had walked from Edmonton and were heading for the Daysland area as it was all settled around us. All they had to carry were knapsacks, a stick and hand kerchief with a piece of black bread in it slung over their shoulders. My mother's brother, Mike Kontek, came and settled at Daysland - that would have been about1903.

My brother John was born in 1903. Brother Frank had taken his own homestead three miles south. He married Barbara Claveter about 1904. Brother Tom was married to Mary Yurkowski and was on his own place by 1908.

By this time a school had been built at Lake Demay. At first there was no money to pay a teacher. However, in 1908, I went to school for two months and in 1909 there was school for three months. I learned to read and write quickly, in five months I reached the level of the fourth reader.

One of my memories is of a horse. My sister-inlaw, Barbara, was making me a dress. I had to walk 3 miles south to Frank's for fittings . I used to run all the way as I was terrified of a large herd of cattle that roamed loose and would run towards me. I must have been about 10 years old. How I hated that trip to Frank's! I would never want to go.

At that time a peddler used to come around selling household goods. That is where we got the material for clothes. We could see his team coming lickety-split down the hill from Skalins 2 miles north. One of his horses trotted, the other galloped. What a funny thing that was, but there was no mistaking that peddler. My brother, Stanley, traded him one of their horses that trotted well for the galloper. From somewhere we got a saddle, then, instead of grumbling at having to go on errands, or for dress fittings, I wanted to go somewhere every day - to Frank's to Tom's or anywhere at all. It felt like I was riding the wind.

My sister Anna was married in 1909 at the age of 18 to Steve Batiski who worked on the railroad. They moved to Brandon. Brother Mike was married in 1909 to Tekla (or Tillie) Gurba and settled on a homestead about three and a half miles south.

My father died in February of 1911 at the age of 55. Times were very hard for us then. I left home to work in Camrose, Edmonton, and then Edson. I was in Edson in 1918 when I came down with the flu. After I recovered, I came back to the farm in 1919. My sister Anna had died in 1913. She left 2 children whom my mother had brought back to our farm from Brandon.

At that time the Spicer Mine was in operation a quarter mile south of us. The coal had been discovered in 1901 by George Rakowski, who had the quarter section next to ours. He took out coal by hand until he sold the place to Spicer. It was a thriving place employing a lot of men and had a big cookhouse. The cook was Frank Seidel, who came from Wisconsin, and had prospected and cooked and sailed from Alaska to the States - to Japan and Russia - and throughout northern and western Canada. He was a real world traveller who thrilled me with his stories and kindness. We married in 1922. My daughter Mae was born in Edmonton in 1924. We moved to Cranbrook, British Columbia, where Frank cooked for B.C. Spruce Mills. My daughter June was born in Cranbrook in 1926. In 1929 we came back to the farm.

Many changes had taken place. My father and Anna dead, my brothers Frank, Tom and Mike had moved to New York State. Stanley, Bill, and John were at East Coulee (near Drumheller) in the coal mines. Kay was married and planning to move to the states. Mother was all alone on the farm. Anna's children, Mike and Helen, had also left. So my husband Frank and I came with our two girls to run the farm.

We worked very hard, for these were the depression years. But we made a living - a roof over our heads and enough to eat. Mother died in Sept. 1937 at the age of 78. She was so happy and thankful that all her children had done so well in the great country of Canada.

My daughters, Mae and June took all their schooling in Dinant, and high school in Camrose. Mae served in the RCAF during the war. She now lives in Edmonton with her husband, Don Carmichael. They have 9 children, June worked in Edmonton, Jasper, Montreal, and London, England, before settling in Edmonton where she teaches at N. A. I. T.

SELIN, Axel - Axel Kristofferson Selin was born in Ronnas, near Wilhelmina, in Sweden in 1865, and was married to Agatha, in the Wilhelmina Lutheran Church in Sweden. Four children were born to this union in the Old Country: Oscar, Walter, Jenny (Mrs. Jonas Grundberg), and Herman. Three sons were born in Canada: Oliver, Albert, and Stanley.

In 1900, the Lundes and Staboes immigrated to Canada from Sweden and homesteaded on the farm now occupied by Lyle Lyseng and Staboe homesteaded the land presently occupied by Zeller. Mrs. Lunde was well acquainted with the Selins in Sweden, so she wrote to them telling of all the homestead land available in Canada. She presented glowing prospects of the future and asked them to move to this country and settle nearby. Thus, Axel Selin decided to do just that; so with his wife and 4 small children and a brother, Petter and his wife and 2 children, all set out for Canada.

Herman was about 6 weeks old then and none too strong, and many of their friends in the old country predicted that the baby would never stand the trip. After reaching the railroad, they travelled to the sea coast where they boarded a ship for Canada. In Canada, they again went by rail and crossed three quarters of the North American continent, finally arriving in Wetaskiwin in Aug. of 1903. Horse and buggy was their mode of travel to the Lunde homestead.

Mr. Selin homesteaded the northwest quarter of 36-48-21, the same year he arrived and then set to work to build himself a house from hewn logs. The area was heavily wooded at that time, and it was an easy matter for the homesteader to find plenty of logs for building. Petter Selin settled on the quarter directly east of Axel. Although the Selins lived on the Lunde homestead for 3 years before moving to their own farm, their homestead house was nevertheless used by many other settlers as a stopping place.

Mr. and Mrs. Selin wrote back to Sweden to the Erik Victor Erickson family and asked them to come to Canada too, which they did, and in the years that followed many other families also came and settled nearby.

Before the Lundemo store and post office came into being, the nearest trading store was the Roper store at Bittern Lake, and it was from here and Wetaskiwin that they got their supplies. Much of the land on the Selin homestead was broken by a large steam engine which he bought in the early 1920's, and it was also used for sawing lumber. Many hundreds of thousands of feet of spruce and poplar lumber has been sawn at the Selin sawmill, where settlers for miles around hauled their logs.

In 1908, Axel Selin together with Pastor Lindgren, Erik Erickson and other settlers organized an Augustana Lutheran congregation, which they named after the old home church in Sweden, Whilhelmina. Mr. Selin served for years as a trustee and on the board of deacons and also purchased the church organ in Winnipeg with money saved by the young people of the church. He also served as church organist for many years.

Along with Petter, Axel served on the board of Brandland school. Jenny when 9 years old started school at Brandland the year it was built. The other children with the exception of Oscar, were also in attendance at Brandland. Petter's daughters, Hildur and Elder attended, but Petter and family moved out in 1916. Axel's sons settled on farms nearby and eventually some of his grandchildren (families of Albert and Oliver) attended Brandland school.

SELIN, Linus & Maria - by Ina Lein -My Dad came to Canada in 1907 from Sweden. He homesteaded N.W. 1/4 32-48-20-W4. Mother came in 1908 to Jim Ericksons in Armena where she worked for a year to pay for her ticket, which was only $60.00. They were married on July 4th, 1909 in Fridhem Church. Dad had built a log house which became their home for many years. They raised cattle, but the cattle would go far to graze as there were no fences to keep them in. I can remember that we had a black dog and mother would say to the dog -You must go and bring home the cows," and he went alone and brought the cows home. They milked cows and mother churned butter and printed it in one pound blocks. Dad would take the butter in his pack sack and walk across country to Wetaskiwin to trade it for a few groceries. It would take days for him to come back.

Since there was no other way to make money, Dad got a job on the railroad for 75 cents a day, which he saved. With the help of an Indian guide he rounded up wild horses then rented a railway car and put the horses in it. He made a shelf above the horses and travelled with them back home as he had heard there were horse thieves. He broke the horses for driving and also for riding. They were ponies and were not very strong to pull loads. Some of the horses were sold to other settlers who had only oxen to drive. He bought a Percheron stallion, Felix, from L. E. Loveseth and bred mares to get some bigger horses. As a result he raised many nice Percheron horses and won First Prizes at the Camrose Fair. He was active in organizing for a school and church. Dad and his brother Axel Selin bought the first steam engine and threshing machine in the community.

The flu of 1918 was hard on him and his health kept failing until he passed away Oct. 15, 1926.

The children of Mother and Dad are: Lilly Vattoy lives in Coquitlam, B.C. Emmy Holen lived at Abbotsford, B.C. and passed away when 60 years old. Ina Lien lives at Bittern Lake, Alberta. Henny Nelson passed away at 47 years. Nelvin Selin lives on the home farm. Albin Selin was killed while crossing a street in Camrose, Alberta in 1979. Mary Johnson, lives in Camrose and works at Rosehaven. Minnie Hudak also worked at Rosehaven. Lilly was 15 when Dad died and had to quit school to work at home. Henny was the only one to get a grade nine education. We had to do all kinds of work. In the summer we milked 20 or more cows, then hauled the cream to Hay Lakes. We did all the stooking, while Uncle Henning Anderson drove the horses and binders. We had a threshing outfit, so we did our threshing too. In the winter we hauled grain to Kingman. It was not easy to shovel wheat into the wagon box. We also split wood in the winter and hauled hay from the quarter of land which we bought later. The roads were not ploughed out in those days, so it was not unusual to have our load upset. When we sold some cattle we had to ride horseback and chase them all the way to Hay Lakes.

The boys, being younger than the four of us girls, did not work till they became 16 or 17. When the time came that people hired us for work Lilly went to work first. We all wanted to make some money but we worked at home most of the time. When I was 19, I went out stooking for 75 cents a day. The depression had started and by the time we got married in 1933 it was in full force. It was hard to make any money at that time.

Our Mother, Maria Selin, passed way at the age of 89 on Feb. 3rd, 1975.

SELIN, Peter Olsen -by Russ Hanson - Born in 1835 in Varmland province north of Lake Vanern in Sweden, Peter Selin came with the early immigrants in 1882 to Bellingham in Lac Qui Parle County, Minnesota. He was accompanied by his wife, and only daughter Anna, who was 8 years old, and a sister. His wife died in 1886, and his sister lived at Montevideo in Lac Qui Parle County. Unfortunately, their names are not known at this time, but enquiries have been made concerning them.

Peter Selin is great-great-grandfather to the children of my generation, but little is known about his early life in Minnesota. At age 71, he moved from Sisseton, South Dakota, to the Camrose district with his daughter's family in June of 1906.

His daughter, Anna, had by this time married Lewis Sanders of Traverse County, Minnesota, in 1892, but unfortunately, he died from typhoid fever in 1897. She then married Andrew Hoflin of Tien Township, near Sisseton, South Dakota, in 1901. Andrew Hoflin had come earlier to Lake Demay where he claimed his homestead in 1903. Peter Selin lived with the family until he claimed a homestead at Miquelon Lake. Since the early documents indicate that his daughter used the name Anna Olson, it appears that Selin is an adopted name.

Peter Selin was 77 years old when he applied for his homestead at Miquelon Lake in 1912, located at SW 28-49-20, across from the present Miquelon Hills golf course. With the help of Johannes Johnson and Andrew Hoflin, a small frame house, log barn, and chicken house was built. He farmed the place for 6 years, where he raised crops on a small acreage, and maintained a small herd of cattle and pigs. He obtained patent in 1920, but illness compelled him to reside with his daughter at Lake Demay.

Peter Selin died on Feb. 15 1923, aged 88 years, at the home of his daughter, Mrs. A. A. Hoflin. Interment took place in the Kingman cemetery.

Mrs. A. A. Hoflin obtained title to the land upon her father's death, but Johannes Johnson farmed the land until his retirement about 1945. Mrs. Hoflin also lived on the farm in her later years.

SELJEHAUG, Eide & Alfhild - by Alice Sletton & Sophie Knutsvig - Eide (Ed) came to Canada from Norway in 1925. He arrived. in Winnipeg, Manitoba, and was employed doing custom fishing on Lake Winnipeg and Lake Winnipegosis for some time. Alice Sletton's brother, Bernet Taje, worked with him.

Eide moved to Provost, Alberta, and was employed by George Holstein, as a farm laborer. His next move was to Bellingham, Washington, where he worked on a fishing fleet to and from Alaska for a few years. Upon returning to Canada, from Bellingham, he bought a Percheron horse. His moves then were to Paradise Valley, Camrose, and Kingman districts. In Camrose, he worked as a farm hand for Stan Bailey.

He married Alfhild Henning about 1944. At this time Eide had a dray business in Camrose, which he bought from Mr. Fouts and Alfhild worked at Bill's Cafe. They moved to Kingman and had a small cafe for a number of years. Many cups of coffee and pieces of pie were enjoyed here. Their home was in the back of the shop. Eide drove the school bus for a while.

In the fall of 1969, they celebrated their silver wedding anniversary. It was a lovely afternoon for the open house and for the many friends who were present.

They sold out in 1973 and moved to Stoney Creek Lodge in Camrose and lived there until Alfhild passed away Nov. 28, 1974. Eide passed away April 1979.

Eide was not only a great horse lover, but a good fisherman.

SEMENCHUK, Edward - My parents David and Julia Semenchuk farmed in the Dinant area until 1951. I married Joyce Gilarowski from Round Hill in 1951. We farmed a short while and in 1952 we joined Frontier Geophysical and travelled with them until 1959.

In 1963 after my dad passed away, we moved to Edmonds, Washington, where I was a foreman for Tri City Homes. We have two sons and two daughters. Sherry, 27 years, is an art director for an advertising agency in Seattle and resides in Snohomish. Penny, 26 years, is a beautician and works in Everett. She is married and has a 3 year old daughter. Terry, 25 years, is head chef (C. W. C.) at Fircrest Golf and Country Club. He is married and lives in Tacoma, Washington. Skip, 23 years, is an electrician and works for Boeing on the new 767 plane in Everett, Washington and resides there.

Presently I am employed at Crestline Corporation, a millwork company in Everett. We will be moving to Arlington, Washington in March 1980.

SEREDA, Peter & Mary - Peter and Mary Sereda came from the town of Probezna, district of Washatyn, in the Ukraine under Austrian government. Peter was born July 12, 1892 and Mary on Sept. 8, 1900. Peter served in WWI. In 1922 he sold his very few belongings and along with his sister Mrs. Mary Wenger and her two children Anna and Joseph, set sail for Canada, where Mike Wenger was already settled, in the Miquelon Lake area.

Jobs were hard to come by. His first job was as a laborer with the C. N. R obtained through a friend, foreman Joe Delowski. He worked at Medicine Hat, Vauxhaul, and area. The country there was very open and windy. The badgers dug big holes which were dangerous to man and beast. The tumbleweed rolled, piling high against snow fences, boxcars, and bunkhouses. The coyotes howled all night and ranchers were seen only now and then checking on their cattle. From there he transferred to Bardo.

Some weekends he would walk from Bardo to Miquelon to visit the Mike Wenger family. Walking across country was the order of the day, with many sloughs to pass around and mosquitoes to battle in the summertime. Many times he would get lost on the trails and would have to wait for daybreak to find his way. Once or twice a year on a Sunday morning he would walk to Round Hill to church, the church of his faith and language.

After four years with the C. N. R. he put a deposit on a farm N.E. 31-49-19-W4, which is now owned by Wesley Ingram.

In 1926, with settling down in mind, he sent for his future bride Mary Grubosh. They were married Sept. 3, 1926 in the New Ukrainian Catholic church in Round Hill. A small reception was held at the Wenger home in the Miquelon district. The guests present were E Ewanchow, H. Mostowich and the Kozack families.

Their new home was made of log walls plastered with clay, then whitewashed and had a cedar shingle roof. The barn and granary were log with thatched roofs that were leaky and were also a great fire hazard. Their first cow was bought from Mrs. Kalawsky, and two little pigs were bought from Cassen Sherbaniuk. Two red mares were purchased at an auction sale as were many other items.

Our land had a lot of bush and big trees to cut for land clearing. Root picking and rock picking was a family job. John H. Lee did most of our sod breaking with his steel-wheeled McCormick tractor, and he also threshed for us for many years.

We had no well, so water was hauled for house use. In winter snow was melted for washing and in the summer rain was caught for washing. In 1938 Fred Sutton dug a well for us. The water was pulled up in a pail with a rope and pulley. It was a bright day in our lives, no more water hauling.

By this time 3 children had been born, Sophie, July 1927; Louie, Dec. 1928; and Rosella (Rosie), May 1930. All three children walked two and one-half miles to attend Farmington school. Travel in winter was by walking or with sleigh and horses. In summer, wagons or buggies (democrats) were used.

The dirty, dusty 1930's, the depression was here, soil would drift off fields, causing dirt banks along roads and fences. It was very hot and dry, prairie fires were feared by everyone.

Winters were mostly spent cutting firewood to keep warm, doing chores, and visiting neighbours and relatives now and then. We had no radio for years. The folks read a weekly newspaper which came in the Ukrainian language. Later we received the Free Press Weekly from Winnipeg. Once or twice a year a letter arrived from the home in the Ukraine that our parents had left so long ago. There was joy and tears, they were thankful for what they had in Canada, most of all the freedom. In 1939 war broke out and we lost contact with our relatives in the Ukraine.

Here the economy was low. Eggs were six cents a dozen taken in trade for groceries at the Kingman Farmers Supply Store. Wheat was 35 cents a bushel, if there was a market for it, or if there was room in the elevator. A calendar from a pedlar was five cents. Charlie Johnson, with his horses and caboose, was a regular pedlar at our house.

In 1948 Dad sold his land to Victor Mostowich, and lived for one year on an acreage in the hamlet of Round Hill. In 1950 he, purchased the Pete Mackowosky farm (S.W.-28-48-19-W4). They farmed there until 1969, when they retired to Camrose. Pete Sereda passed away June 12, 1978. Mary Sereda resides in Camrose.

Sophie married J. B. Stewart in 1946. They lived in Copper Mountain, B.C, where 4 children were born, Peter, Henrietta, June, and Katherine. She lived for a few years in Princeton, B.C, then moved on to Sechelt, B.C. Now she is married to Albert Lynn and works at St. Marys Hospital in Sechelt. Peter is presently employed at Kaiser Co., Fernie, B.C, and has 3 children, Darcy, Barry, and Veronica. Henrietta Meketich lives in west Sechelt and has 3 children, Robert, Jimmy and David. June August lives in Battleford, Saskatchewan and has 2 children, Jesse and Adam. Katherine Hidden lives in Seaside Village, Sechelt, B.C. They had 2 children, Brenda and Jason Hugh. Jason passed away at nine months. Louie lives in Edmonton and works as a mechanic at Johnstone Walker Sky Park. Rosie Kozack lives at Kingman and has 3 children Robert, Audrey Thomas and William.

SEVERSON, Lawrence - by Jean Severson - Lawrence Oliver Severson was born on Feb. 25, 1901 and grew up in the Dinant West area. He was very active in Community affairs, played in the band and I still have his horn and band notes. He also took a leading part in the plays enacted to raise funds for the Dinant Community Hall and donated a lot of work in its construction. On Dec. 16, 1937 he married Georgina "Jean" Murchie and they made their home on S.E. 16-48-20.

We were members of the Bethlehem congregation and took part in other local events. We especially enjoyed the conveniences Dinant offered and our accomodating store keeper Mr. Cliff Rud. I remember him getting a car load of flour and I bought four sacks of flour and he delivered them to the farm for me.

Our children Lorna, James, and Nellie were born here and attended school in Dinant. They especially enjoyed their Christmas concerts and Hallowe'en parties.

Nellie married Gordon Sherwin. He is assistant General Manager in International Money Making. They lived in London, England for several years and are now living in Toronto, Ontario. They have two children Stanley and Sara. James married Doris Olson from Calgary. They lived in Calgary for a few years and when the Duggan Mall opened he returned to Camrose and is working for the Hudson Bay Store. They have three sons, Kendall, Collin and Keith. Lorna married Melvin Klassen of Prince Albert, Saskatchewan. He is an over-seer at a pulp mill. They have two children Diane and Donald.

In 1970 we bought a house and retired to Camrose, where Lawrence kept himself busy doing small jobs of carpentry work and some other hobbies. He passed away on Sept. 11, 1977 at the age of 76 years.

SEVERSON, Martin & Cora - Although our farm is in the Armena School district (formerly Throndson School District) the history has been, and still is, closely associated with the Kingman District. I think it is only fair that the farm's former residents be mentioned here. Thorvald Throndson homesteaded about 1901 and had Clarence and Eleanor before selling to a Mr. Kiernan who lived here for a short time.

I was born July 3, 1943 and raised on a farm two and one-half miles southwest of our present location of N.W. 22-48-20 W 4th. I took my schooling in Armena but attended the Bethlehem Lutheran Church which borders the Kingman District.

In 1965 I married Cora Vandenberg of Camrose, who lived in Brittsum, Holland, until the age of eight. We bought the farm from Billy MacDonald in 1967. We are blessed with 3 children, Holly (1969), Nolan (1970) and Russell (1972). The children attend Kingman School. In the fall of 1979 we invited two ministers to our home who helped show us the Way.

SHUTE - SHERBANIUK - by Josephine Shute - In 1901 Makarko and Catherine Sherbaniuk arrived from Ukraine and homesteaded in the Dinant district with their children, one of whom was my father, Frederick Sherbaniuk. In 1909 Frederick met and courted Annie Macohonic of Ryley who in 1910 became Mrs. Frederick Sherbaniuk, and the mother of their 4 children, Josephine, Tony, Paul and Emil. The Sherbaniuk family homesteaded in the Myrnam district until 1921 when they returned to the Dinant district where they continued to farm.

Frederick's daughter Josephine, met and married George Shute in 1939. He came from Russia in 1912 and had made his way from Eastern Canada to the Dinant district by working on the railroad. They continued farming on Section 7-48-19 and raised five boys and four girls. Walter, Alex, Ken, and Gerry are still farming in the district. Sylvia Shute, Betty Marks and Shirley Fairall are also living in the area. Marion De Fanti and Brian Shute have settled in Edmonton.

SIKSTROM, John - John Sigurd Sikstrom was born at Lyksele, Sweden, July 29, 1887. In 1903, his parents and family immigrated to Canada and homesteaded in the Hay Lakes district.

In 1914 and 1915, John worked for Olaf Skalin and there he met Freda Skalin and they were married on Dec. 21, 1915. John and Freda lived at Hay Lakes the first years of their marriage. Here Richard Robert was born in Feb. 1917.

In the spring of 1917 they moved to Dinant having purchased the A. P. Skalin homestead, SW 24-48-20-4. To augment their income John did a lot of hunting and trapping during the winter months. In 1927 he bought his first car, a model T Ford. He served on the Dinant School Board and was an active member of the Community Club.

Freda was active in Community affairs. She was talented at the spinning of wool, weaving, knitting, crocheting and tatting. They raised 7 children: Hilma, Erma, Clarina, Irene, Edith, and Roy all born at Dinant. John died April 7, 1958 and Freda June 19, 1963.

SIKSTROM, Richard - Richard was only a few months old when he arrived at Dinant in the spring of 1917. He attended school in Dinant until he had his grade nine. On May 19, 1941 he enlisted in the Royal Canadian Engineers and served overseas in Germany, Italy, Holland and England. He returned to Canada in Oct. 1945 and got his discharge on Nov. 19, 1945.

Due to his fathers failing health he took over the farm and farmed until 1979 when he rented his fields to Harvey Adamson. He still has cattle and is enjoying his semi retirement.

SIKSTROM, Roy - Roy took his basic schooling in Dinant and in Grade 8 won a $500.00 scholarship award. He attended high school and University in Edmonton. Roy received his Masters Degree in London, England, and his Doctors Degree in Organic Science in Minneapolis. Minnesota. He is presently at McGill University in Montreal, Quebec, doing research and teaching. He enjoys skiing and tennis and is a camera fan.

SIMONSON, Bill - In 1940 William Simonson Junior (Bill) married Ingrid Peterson of Amisk. They have farmed in the Farmington district ever since on the land that was previously owned by John Anderson. Albin Anderson used to tell of times they spent Sunday afternoons at what they called Anderson Lake which lies just east of the present farm buildings. One of the old trails the pioneers from Bardo used as they went to Wetaskiwin is still clearly visible through the grove of trees just east of this body of water which we consider just a slough now.

The Bill Simonsons have three children. Myrna, Mrs. Ben Poelen of Ardrossan is vice principal of an Elemetary and Junior High School. Her husband is a vocational education instructor. She has one son, Ian.

Dr. David Simonson is chief psychologist at a hospital in Smith Falls Ontario. His wife June is a teacher. The children are Larry, Mary Lynne and Robert.

Lois, Mrs Donald Johnson graduated as a registered nurse. Her husband is an aircraft maintenance engineer with Pacific Western Airlines. They live at Fort Saskatchewan where Lois is involved with the Christian Church School. They have 2 daughters, Kjristen and Kerri.

SIMONSON, Clarence & Christine - Christine Matilda Langbell was born in 1888 at Coal Harbor, North Dakota, the daughter of Mary Eskelson and Thomas Langbell. When Thomas came to America he changed his name from Thompson to Langbell after the farm name in Denmark. Mary Eskelson (from Sweden) and her husband farmed in Coal Harbor which then consisted of a post office and store. The Missouri River ran 5 or 6 miles west of their house. Mr Langbell eventually built a new house about one mile east of the original cabin. Before the new house was built however, twins arrived - born in a dugout in a hill. Chris survived but his sister Mary died due to insufficient milk supply. A helpful neighbor, Mrs Carlson then brought them a cow. Mr. Langbell had been working during this time in Bismark. He came home, built a coffin for his baby, and walked the 50 miles back to Bismark.

Two more children were born in the log cabin with the sod roof - Emil and Christine. After the rains the sod roof would drip for days. At one point Mother Langbell salvaged some frozen potatoes that a neighbor had thrown out. She assisted the family budget by washing clothes for neighbors (Jack Robinsons) and they in turn gave her old clothes. These she made over or wove on her loom into rugs. The family eventually grew including Alma, Ella, Dora. and Andy.

In 1902 when Christine was 14 years old, the family moved to Wetaskiwin. There Father Langbell built a chicken coop where they lived temporarily until the spring water went down. Then, chicken coop, family and all, moved to Kingman. The Langbell farm is the Oscar Thompson farm. Reg Thompson is now living in the house built by Mr. J. T. Langbell. From here Mr. Langbell moved to Camrose and built the Heather Brae Hotel. As was customary when new settlers arrived, the neighbors rallied to assist. On this errand, Clarence Simonson met Christine Langbell. She had been picking strawberries and he remembered her standing at the buffet cleaning them. He could not forget this tall, young lady with thick auburn curls and a braid down her back. Shortly after this initial encounter, Clarence was asked to accompany a rail load of Ed Thompson's cattle across to the U. S. A. Upon his departure, Christine gave him a picture of herself and her sister.

Clarence Simonson had also arrived in Alberta as a youngster with family members, coming from North Dakota. As a boy he worked for a settler, John Kaiser near Wetaskiwin. One evening he headed out for the Kingman area following Indian trails and passing only three settlements on his way. He arrived at Kingman the following morning. He eventually secured a 1/4 section of land and some cattle. He sold the cattle before he went to the U. S. On this trip south he received his three months of education through the kindness of some cousins. This gave him a start to read and write. His fondness for studies evidently continued for he was a fluent reader. He later became active in community affairs, socials. and was school trustee. Several law books remained in his personal library and he enjoyed mathematics.

When Clarence returned from the U. S. he settled on his former land. Here, in 1912 he brought his bride, Christine Langbell and together they remained in this community until Clarence's passing at 77 years. Prior to their marriage, Christine had operated a dressmaker's shop in Camrose and Clarence had been working in the lumberyard also at Camrose. Later, as the family began to arrive and after their move to Kingman, Clarence operated a mobile feed grinder and did brushing - sometimes working by coal oil lantern.

In 1913 twins were born - Marina and Merlin, followed by Levina 1915, Leonard 1917, Conrad 1919, Adeline 1921, and Nora 1923. Music held priority in the family. Daily the children were wakened by Dad's whistling as he ground the morning coffee. It was recalled that when Clarence was a boy, his family would sit him high on a box and he would entertain the house guests on his mouth organ. Christine too was always singing as she went about her daily chores. Together, they encouraged the children into mixed and ladies quartets. Every day there was singing in the home. At this time Henry Johnson as choir director for the Baptist Church further encouraged them.

Sports activities were also an integral part of the family and community. During high school days a well organized gymnastic club was in operation with Simon Simonson a leader. A softball team wearing uniforms consisting of yellow tops and green pants and a basketball team. the Merry Midgets, dressed in red tops and navy pants reached the top by participating in exhibition games at Edmonton two different years.

After Clarence's death, Christine moved to Camrose with her daughter Lavina and Conrad Johnson. and later to Red Deer with Adeline and Elmer Campbell. She continues to enjoy life in Red Deer actively reading, singing, and visits. In 1977 she was accompanied by Marina and Adeline to Vancouver where they shared in the 50th anniversary celebration of her only living sibling - Andy and Mary Langbell.

Children and spouses: Merlin, Mae Thompson, Kingman; Marina, Clifford Johnson, Gwynne; Levina, Carl Astner, Gwynne (deceased); Levina, Conrad Johnson, Camrose; Leonard, Jean Davies, Edmonton - Tsawwassen, B.C. Conrad, Eileen, Kingman - Camrose; Adeline, Elmer Campbell, Red Deer; Nora, George Campbell, Ferintosh (deceased).Conrad and Merlin have passed away.

SIMONSON, Conrad & Eileen - Conrad Simonson was born in Kingman Dec. 3, 1919, third son of Clarence and Christine Simonson.

Conrad spent his younger days farming with his dad. He attended school at Farmington and Kingman. In 1942 he joined the army. Conrad married Eileen Phillips, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Rae Phillips from Tofield, March 7, 1942.

Conrad and Eileen had 2 children, Dennis and Gwen. Dennis was born May 30, 1943, and Gwen was born May 29, 1946.

Conrad farmed and trucked after the war. He bought his truck and business from Norman Wideman Sr. After trucking for several years, Conrad sold his truck and business to Norman Wideman Jr. While farming, Conrad worked with Tofield North Western Utilities and later was an agent for Searle Grain in Kingman until its closure.

Conrad belonged to the Tofield Royal Canadian Legion and took an active part in the Legion and its activities. He was president for three years and held other positions on the executive when not President. Eileen had an active life on the farm. She always had a big garden, which meant a lot of canning, freezing, berry picking, and preserving. She also worked with her husband farming, was very competent, driving grain trucks, combines and swathers, did tilling, discing, cultivating or the many jobs that must be done, plus choring with cows, calves, pigs and chickens.

Eileen worked as an assistant at Kingman Post Office. She also was employed for three years at Rosehaven, Camrose and later at the Camrose Legion.

Conrad and Eileen's son Dennis worked at the Camrose Creamery and Camrose Stelco. He was in the navy three years. After the navy, he went to Edmonton to work. He met and married Jean Williams of Edmonton, Oct.1966. They have 2 boys, Owen and Keith. Owen and Keith now live on a farm with their mother and stepfather, Mr. and Mrs. Bob Gibson at Sangudo. Owen and Keith have a very active life playing hockey, ball and tending to 4H animals. Dennis now lives in Edmonton. In 1976 he married Ruth Thorn, and has three lovely stepdaughters. Dennis's family enjoy scuba diving, deep sea diving, fishing, bowling, curling and hunting.

Conrad and Eileen's daughter Gwen married Fred Davis of Kingman in Oct. of 1964. Gwen worked for several years in the credit office at Woolworth's in Camrose and several years as bookkeeper for the Royal Canadian Legion in Camrose. They now live in Lac La Biche. They have 3 boys, Kenn, John and Darren. Fred and his 3 boys enjoy all sports together, boating, fishing, ball, hockey, hunting, trapping, and skidooing. Fred coaches both hockey and ball. Gwen has a business occupation and is interested in handicrafts and is a homemaker.

Conrad and Eileen sold their farm to Fred and Nancy Evenson, then moved to Camrose. Conrad worked for Shaw Pipe, and Border Paving. While working for Border Paving, Conrad met with a fatal accident on Sept. 22, 1978. Conrad was on the executive of Branch 57 Royal Canadian Legion, Camrose at the time of his passing. Eileen lives in Camrose.

SIMONSON, Daniel - Daniel C. Simonson, son of Simon and Lena Simonson was born in Moorhead, Minnesota on July 9, 1894. That same year he came with his parents to what was then the North West Territories. He was among the first students attending the Willow Flats School.

He married Lois Luella Brink on May 22, 1923. They have 3 children, Keith, Eileen and Ronald. Keith married Helen Read and they had a family of three, Marilyn (Mrs. David Ryder), Leslie (deceased), and Murray.

Eileen married L. Gordon Herd. They have a son and 2 daughters, Lois (Mrs. Myron Zubrack), Lawrence, and Janetta. Ronald married Beverly Bennett. They have 3 daughters, Corrine (Mrs. Kim Davis), Donna, and Karen.

SIMONSON, Harold - Harold was the youngest of the children of William and Mary Simonson. He attended school at Farmington, Bardo, Kingman and Camrose Lutheran College. Following High School graduation he attended Camrose Normal School, after which he taught two years at Grand Forks School and one year at Poe.

Teaching in those days didn't appear to have much future so he attended the U. of A. where he received a B.Sc. and M.Sc. in Agriculture. After graduation he worked for a time at the Dominion Experimental Farm at Lethbridge. In 1947-48 he was vice-principal in the vocational section of the Red Deer Composite High School.

In 1948 he had the opportunity to join the research staff of the University of California at Davis, and became a Research Associate with that institution. In 1950 he married Roma Ballhom, previously of Wetaskiwin, who had also been on staff at the Composite High School in Red Deer, following post graduate work at lowa State University.

They returned to Alberta and joined in the partnership of Woodlawn Farms with Roma's Dad and have lived there since. They have two daughters - Jody Arm, who graduated from Mount Royal College in Interior Design and worked in Calgary for a number of years. In June of 1977 she married Don Hundeby and moved to Elbow, Saskatchewan where his farm is located. Don is a graduate from the U. of Sask. in Commerce and is a dedicated farmer.

Their second daughter, Lynne Marie, graduated with a B. Sc. in Nursing in 1979 and at present is with the American Mission Hospital in Bahrain, a small island in the Arabian Gulf.

Since the return to the farm Harold has been particularly involved with the Angus breed of cattle, having been President of both the Provincial and Canadian Associations, and having won, in association with Mr. Ballhorn, numerous awards at various shows and sales. Jody and Lynne were both interested in training and showing cattle, Jody having shown one of the champions at the 1979 Northlands show and sale in Edmonton.

SIMONSON, Henry & Marguerite - Henry Simonson stopped in Toronto on his return from overseas in 1945, to marry Marguerite Eide. She is the daughter of the late Lauritz Eide, who interestingly enough, immigrated to Bardo at the same time as Henry's mother. Lauritz Eide had enlisted in the Canadian Forces in World War 1 and was invalided back to Christie Street Hospital in Toronto in 1919. There he married Louise Ferrier and he remained in Toronto until his death.

Henry and Marguerite Simonson have 4 children, Lauritz, Simon, Wendy and Holly. Henry spent the bulk of his educational career with the Edmonton Public School Board, as teacher and principal, from 1946 until his retirement in 1975. The family all live in Edmonton Lauritz married Gayle Rutherford, and they have two children Karen and Patricia.

SIMONSON, Henry & Petra - Henry Peter Simonson was born in 1881 in Fargo, North Dakota. He arrived in the Kingman area with his parents in 1894. His homestead was the quarter section directly north of the Farmington School This land is now owned by Ross Flemming.

Henry Simonson married Petra Boness, in the Willow Flat School, in 1903. Petra was the daughter of Hans Jacobson Boness, who had emigrated from Bardu, Norway, to Bardo, North-West Territories in 1901. He was 57 years of age at the time of his move to Canada. His 84 year old father, Jacob Hanson, also came to Canada at that time. Hans Boness was a widower, with a family of 5, Jacob Ingeborg(Mrs Andrew Johnson) Trina(Mrs Edwin Johnson) Petra and Olaf.

During the years following their marriage, Henry and Petra resided at times on the homestead and at times in Edmonton. In the early days of settlement, the men often found it necessary to work away from their farms. in order to augment the family income. In Edmonton, Henry worked at a variety of jobs at the #1 Fire Hall, at Walters Saw Mill, on construction jobs such as the High Level Bridge and, finally, as a certified Steam Engineer at the Edmonton Power Plant. At this time he developed diabetes, 8 years before the discovery of insulin. As his illness progressed, it became impossible for him to continue his work in the power plant so the family returned to the Kingman area in 1915. There he farmed his father's original homestead until his death at the age of 35, in Oct. 1916.

Petra Simonson was left to provide for 5 children, Mabel, Alice, Simon, Percy and Henry. At that time there were no widow's pensions or family allowances.

That first winter was a hard one in every way. Henry was born Oct. 30, 1916, shortly after the death of his father. The threshers arrived a few days later; it had been a late harvest. At times like these, one especially remembers the kindness of relatives, friends and neighbors. During that winter, Alice was severely scalded. Belle Campbell, a nurse and daughter of Angus Campbell, was visiting her home at this time. She would come over to help remove the bandages and treat the burn. When Alice was beginning to move about, Grandfather Boness made her a pair of crutches. She felt quite proud of these crutches, since no one else had any.

Grandfather Boness spent the winter with his daughter, Petra, and her family on the farm. In the spring of 1917, they moved to his house in Kingman. He was a kindly man, well liked by all who knew him. The children loved to sit on his lap, combing his long white beard. He was always busy, and remained active until his death in 1923.

The 1918 flu epidemic is also to be remembered. In the Rogness house, everyone, excepting May was sick and, in the Simonson home, only Alice escaped. Mabel recalls that on Christmas morning, Mr. Bartness arrived with a bowl of rice pudding and a plate of ---fattig mand". This really helped make our Christmas. He also helped Alice, then 11 years of age, with the chores, and that was much appreciated. Thinking about that flu year, we also remember the ---flu masks- which people wore. They were made of several thicknesses of cheesecloth, worn over the nose and mouth to keep out the germs. Sometimes a few drops of eucalyptus was sprinkled on the mask. Whether it was beneficial is rather doubtful. It was also at this time that the Lutheran Church had to be used as a hospital for flu patients.

In those days, everyone expected to work hard to earn a living. Mother had a large garden and kept cows and chickens. Many families had a cow at that time, but Mother sold milk to some who did not. She always seemed to have some boarders. She was often called upon to give assistance to people in the community in times of illness. We remember that she always kept a little bag packed with a few necessities, including a white apron, ready for emergencies. She was often called upon to help as midwife, for, at that time, most babies were born at home. The doctor would come out from either Camrose or Tofield but due to the roads and the distance, the baby sometimes arrived before the doctor.

Mother was always a member of Salem Lutheran Church and the Lutheran Church Women's organization. She was also interested in community and school activities. Christmas holds many happy memories. The Swedish "Jule-Otte" was very special. Who can forget the tinkling of sleigh bells in the frosty air or the failing snow as we trudged to church at six o'clock in the morning? The candlelight service was held in the Swedish Lutheran Church. White candles glowed on the green spruce tree. The church was lighted by white candles in the windows, and also by white candles set in a cross on the altar. There were no other decorations in the church. It was a simple service but one never to be forgotten. After the service, we went home to have breakfast and begin the Christmas Day festivities. The Christmas celebrations went on for a full week or more. It seemed that the village and community was one big, happy family.

There were turkey and---lutefisk- dinners in every house several times during the holidays. Sometimes one went to two dinners a day, in order to get them all in. There were usually three long table settings, as often there would be 30 or more people invited. The children always had to wait for the last table, hoping there would still be food. There was always plenty, and everyone enjoyed themselves. After dinner there were puzzles and crokinole boards for entertainment. The young people sometimes went skating and the men had heated discussions involving politics and religion.

What else do we remember? There were the lamps. First we had the kerosene lamps. Every day the chimneys had to be polished, the wicks trimmed and the bowl filled with kerosene. Then came the Aladdin lamps and the gas lamps. The gas lamps had to be filled, the generators cleaned and the mantles checked. The moths played havoc with the mantles. This was a daily chore. What a thrill to get electricity.

Some may remember the---BeefRing---. It was a sort of co-operative, where each member supplied an animal for slaughter, to be shared by all the members. In this way everyone would get fresh meat regularly; a good method in the days before refrigeration.

Kingman had no high school before 1928, so prior to this students had to go elsewhere to continue their education. Alice, Simon, Percy and Henry all graduated as teachers and, at one time or another, all taught school in Kingman or the surrounding area. They all spent their years until retirement in various educational fields.

Mabel, at an early age, started to work for Mr. Rogness in the Kingman Post Office. Excepting for two periods, when she worked in the North Edmonton and Coronation Post Offices, she has spent most of her life working in the Kingman Post Office. She retired in 1969 and still resides in the old family home which was built in 1910. Mabel has always been active in the community. She has been a member of the Salem Lutheran Church. As a young girl, she became church organist and continued in that capacity for over 50 years. She was often called upon to assist with the music for community, church and school events. Mabel has also been keenly interested in gardening; her flowers have given her a great deal of pleasure. Since her retirement, she has been part of several organizations such as a ceramics class, a garden club and the Kingman Silver Club.

During World War Two, S Simon, Percy and Henry all enlisted in the Royal Canadian Air Force, Simon as an instructor, Percy as a navigator and Henry in radar. Percy lost his life in operations over Germany in 1944 and is buried there.

Mother remained active until the age of seventy, when she suffered a stroke. She recovered but was never strong again. She passed away at the age of 75 in 1956. She was a courageous woman and to her the family owes a great debt of gratitude.

SIMONSON, Kenneth Lloyd - Kenneth Lloyd Simonson was born to Oscar and Hilda Simonson on Oct. 17, 1924. In 1969 he moved into Kingman where he lived with Hugo Hovelson in the old Club Cafe for 6 years. In March 1975. he moved into the back of the old Seljehaug Cafe, which is now the Post Office. He has been working for Alberta Transportation in the grass seeding operation for 5 years.

SIMONSON, Leonard Thorlie - Leonard Thorlie, son of Clarence and Christine Simonson was born in Kingman, Alberta on Oct. 10. 1917. He married Jean Davies of Edson, Alberta on May 16, 1942. During World War II Leonard served with the R.C.A.F in Canada, Great Britain and on the continent.

They have 2 children, Marilyn Elizabeth and Lawrence David. Marilyn was married to Brian Hinker of Creston, B.C. in 1968, and they have 3 children. Christine, Curtis and Kent. Lawrence married Mali Hegseth of Calgary, Alberta and they have one son Wesley.

After serving 37 years with the Alberta Treasury Branches, Leonard retired from the position of assistant superintendent and Jean retired as assistant principal with the Edmonton Public School Board. They now reside on the West coast where Jean spends her time oil painting while Leonard golfs and curls.

SIMONSON, Merlin - Merlin Simonson was born June 18, 1913 on the farm north of Kingman. He took his schooling at Farmington and Kingman. In the 1930's he owned a saw and grinder doing a lot of custom work. In 1939 on Oct. 10, Merlin Simonson, eldest son of Clarence and Christine Simonson, was united in marriage to Mae Thompson. Younger daughter of Oscar and Julia Thompson, all of Kingman.

They lived on a farm east of Kingman until 1945, when they bought a quarter of land 3 miles north of Gwynne and farmed there until 1951. They thenmoved back to Kingman.

They bought the N. E. quarter of Section 6-49-19W4 from Charlie Mah Him and the N.W. quarter of Section 6-49-19-W4 from George Welch. Later on he bought the S.W. quarter of Section 18-49-19-W4 from his sister Levina Astner. Due to illness, he sold this land to Tangen. Merlin was still farming the original half section at the time of his passing Feb. 4, 1965.

Born to Merlin and Mae were 4 girls and one boy. Elaine married Orvalle Sutton of Camrose and now resides at Duhamel. Marlene married Ken Daley of Bittern Lake and is now in Calgary. Yvonne married Rod Anonson of Camrose and is living in Calgary. Trudean also makes her home in Calgary. Dwaine married Alice KohIman of Primate, Saskatchewan. They lived on the farm at Kingman.

In Nov.1972, Mae moved to Carnrose. She worked at Bethany Homes: then was an employee at Rosehaven until June 1975. June 5, 1975, Alice passed away. Neighbors helped finish the field work for Dwaine after the accident. The workers were Fred Evenson, Herman Swanson, Olaf Heie, Will Pattison, Conrad Simonson, Harley Schmidt, Reg Thompson, Homer Schmidt. Donald Schmidt and Don Heie. Mae, Dwaine and his daughter, Joulien, are still living on the farm at Kingman.

SIMONSON, Oscar - Oscar came to Canada from Minnesota, U. S. A with his father and brothers in 1894. He was born on Feb. 26, 1886. The family settled on a homestead three miles north of Kingman. As with all the early pioneers they had some very difficult times. The closest railroad was at Wetaskiwin so they had to travel there by horse and wagon to get groceries, clothing, etc.

Oscar left home at the age of 16 to earn a living which brought him into the construction business. He worked on most of the early, bigger, buildings in Edmonton. The majority of these have been demolished; the only two still standing are the old section of the Edmonton Journal and the McLeod Building. In Jasper he helped build the old Jasper Park Lodge and the Round House. In 1925 he returned to Kingman and started farming. He operated this farm, which was two miles north of town, until his death.

Oscar married Hilda Bjerkeg. They had a family of 4 girls and 5 boys. All are still living in 1980.

SIMONSON, Alfred - Alfred Simonson was born in Edmonton on Mar. 18, 1912. He lived in the Kingman area most of his early years and farmed there too. He served with the R.C.A.F in Canada and overseas during World War II. He married Hildur Feregin and they had two daughters who were born in and lived their early years in Kingman. He worked a few years in Edmonton as a security officer. Alf and Hildur retired to Sardis, British Columbia.

Maureen married Bev Kramer and are making their home at Fort St. John, British Columbia. They have 3 children. Donna has one son and lives in New Westminster, British Columbia.

SIMONSON, Clifford - Clifford Simonson was born in Edmonton on Aug. 1, 1915. His youth was spent around Kingman. He taught school at Farmington for two years and at Miquelon School for three years. He spent four years with the R.C.A.F. during World War II. On Sept. 16, 1942 he was shot down over Holland and came down in the North Sea where he spent 18 hours in the water before drifting back to the Dutch Coast and the waiting German soldiers. He spent two and a half years in a Prisoner of War camp in Poland. Toward the end of the war he was on what was referred to as the Death March in Germany covering over 500 miles with very little food. After returning home he went to work for the Department of Veterans Affairs and retired in 1975 after 30 years with them.

He and his wife Vivian (Horte) moved back to Kingman. They had 3 sons: Wayne who is presently teaching at Simon Fraser University in British Columbia (1980); Terry who is working at Construction in Edmonton; Dale was drowned in 1974 at age 19.

SIMONSON, Alvina (Louch) - Alvina Louch was born in Edmonton and spent all her early years in the Kingman area. She worked in Edmonton most of the time after finishing school. She married Ken Louch and they have four sons. David is a priest and is presently stationed in Edmonton. Doug is married and living in the city. He is working with the Edmonton Amateur Football Association. Daryl is working in construction and John is attending school. (1980)

SIMONSON, Gordon - Gordon was born in Edmonton and attended school in the Kingman area. He was in the R.C.M.P. for a time and served with the R.C.A.F during World War 11. He was a brakeman with the C.N.R. for a few years, then returned to Kingman and farming.

He married Ruth Johnson and they have 3 children. Bryan is married and living in North Vancouver. They have 2 girls. Brenda is married. She and her husband farm in the Camrose district. Robin is presently taking a course in electricity.

SIMONSON, Verna (Gawlicki) - Verna spent all her early years in the Kingman district and took most of her schooling there. She worked in Edmonton for a number of years and married Chuck Gawlicki who is in the electronics and communication business in Edmonton. They have three daughters and one son. Cheryl is married to Dr. Tim ReIj and they live in Duncan, British Columbia. Judy and Linda are married and living in Edmonton. Jeffrey is attending school.

SIMONSON, Helen (Webb) - Helen spent her younger days in Kingman which meant her schooling as well. Then she worked in Edmonton for a number of years when she met and married Doug Webb. They have lived in a number of different parts of the world as Doug is with the Canadian Foreign Service. They have two children: Donald and Janis.

SIMONSON, Donald - Donald took his early schooling in the Kingman area and then moved to Edmonton where he has worked most of his life. He has four sons. Randal is a carpenter in Edmonton. Mark is attending N.A.I.T. (1980). Colin is working as a service station operator and Neil is still in school.

SIMONSON, Bernadine (Glansman) - Bernadine's childhood and school days were spent at her farm home in Kingman. Then she went to Edmonton where she worked and married Ed Glansman. They still live there where he is employed by the city of Edmonton. They have 2 daughters, Arlene is married and teaching school in the city and Laureen is working for the City of Edmonton.

SIMONSON, Simon & Agnes - married Agnes Christenson, the daughter of William and Tilda Christenson of Kingman. They lived in Kingman from 1934 until 1941, during which time Simon was principal of the Kingman Rural High School.

While in Kingman, 2 children, Henry and Kaye were born. Later, in Wainwright, 2 sons, Parnell and Arne were added to the family.

In later years he was on the staff of the Provincial Department of Education and served as a school superintendent at Wainwright, Vermilion, High River and Wetaskiwin. He continued his duties with the Department of Education until his retirement in 1974.

Henry married Maurine Mitchell of Kansas, U.S.A. They have 3 children, Caroline, Eric and Andr 'ee. The family resides in Sherwood Park, Alberta.

Kaye married Herbert Mockford of Edmonton. They have 3 children, Sandra, David and Scott. They reside in Yellowknife N.W.T. Parnell and Arne are employed in Edmonton and reside there.

SIMONSON, Simon D. - Simon Simonson was born in 1849 in Wackesha County Wisconsin. In due course he married Anna L. Ramstad and from 1881 to 1888 she bore 5 children, Henry, Clarence, William, Oscar and Anna. Anna was born Feb. 2, 1888. Her mother died four days later and the child survived only a short time. Simon was left with a family of 4 boys ranging in age from 2 to 7.

In 1889 he remarried, his wife Lena Bjerkeg was born in Norway in 1872 and moved with her family to the states in 1882. Thus at a very young age she was an instant mother of four. By 1894 she had 2 additional children, Mamie and Daniel.

The Kingman area experienced a sharp increase in population in Oct.1894 with the arrival of Simon and Lena with 6 children, Hans and Annie Simonson with 2 children, Thor and Anna ovelson with 6 children and Knut Ovelson, a widower with 3 children. They had travelled by train from Moorhead, Minnesota to Wetaskiwin, N.W.T. Because of the late arrival the families remained in Wetaskiwin, while the men went to the homesteads and built 2 log cabins. These were to supply shelter for four families. When the buildings were completed the men returned to Wetaskiwin for their families. They travelled by wagon with all their worldly goods, over the rough trails and streams and finally reached teir destination.

Simon settled on the homestead N.E. 1/4-20-49-19-4 in the Willow Flats district, later renamed Farmington.

The ensuing years were years of hard work, sacrifice and endurance. In the book, "Pioneer Days in Bardo" by Ragna Steen and Magda Hendrickson, it says, in 1895 "Mr Simonson had broken 4 acres of land with a yoke of oxen. This he seeded to wheat, which yeilded 30 bushels to the acre when flailed."

At the time of their arrival, Henry, the oldest child was 13 and Daniel the youngest was 3 months. One cannot help but wonder what impelled them to travel with a family of 6, in the fall of the year, from the security of a settled district in the United States. Why travel to the isolation of Kingman, 40 miles from the nearest railroad, miles from a post office, store or Doctor? We can only assume that for a labouring father with a growing family, the lure of free homestead land seemed to offer the only hope for future success and security. So they left their home and set out for distant horizons. I suppose this is what we call the "Pioneer Spirit". If tribute is made to the pioneer spirit then Lena Simonson, the pioneer woman must receive high recognition. With her family, it took courage, effort and co-operation for the family to survive, grow and prosper. In the years after their arrival, 3 children were added to the family, Inger(Mrs John Hougan). Selma (Mrs Albert Odden) and Lillie.

The Simonson family remained on the homestead until 1897. At that time they rented land and moved to a farm about 3 miles west of Edmonton, about 149th street today. Here he farmed but also secure seasonal work to supplement the family income. He worked in construction, as a teamster and he and his sons occasionally panned alnog the Saskatchewan river in search of gold.

The gold rush of 1898 caused Edmonton to become a gateway to the North. Mr. Simonson along with Mr. Groat assisted in the outfitting of prospectors heading for the Yukon.

In 1900, the family returned to Kingman homestead. They went back to Edmonton in 1907 and were living there when Mr. Simonson died in 1909 at the age of 60. His wife Lena, remained a widow until 1916 when she married Mr. Lewis Qualley and moved to the Hughenden area. She passed away in Jan. 1956.

Lillie passed away in Camrose at Bethany Hospital on Oct. 19, 1969.

SIMONSON, Vivian Lavina (Horte) - I was born in Kingman in 1920, the fifth of Thor and marit Horte's children. I spent my childhood and school days in Kingman and have fond memories of Christmas concerts, gym classes and skating parties. One of my main interests as a young person was that of doing hair for freinds in the district. Mrs. MacIntosh and mrs. Welch were two very special customers.

In 1938 I went to Edmonton to take a course in Beauty Culture. After graduation there, I worked in Camrose where along with Vivian Olstad we had a business called Vivian's Beauty Salon. In 1942, I went to Edmonton where I worked in a beauty salon in the Thompson & Dynes Store.

After the war was over in 1945, I married Clifford Simonson when he returned from overseas where he had been a prisoner of war in Germany for two and a half years. We lived in Edmonton where Cliff worked for the Dept. of Veterans Affairs.

We raised a family of 3 boys, Wayne Clifford is now attending Simon Fraser University in B.C., and doing some assistant teaching.. He is working on his Masters degree in Anthropology. Terrence Wade is carpentering in the Edmonton area. Dale Vernon, deceased in 1974.

Cliff retired from the D.V.A. in 1975 and in the spring of 1978 we moved back to the Kingman area where we now have a mobile home. Beleive it or not, I'm still doing hair.

SIMONSON, Wilfred & Gladys - I was born on the Simon Simonson farm. (the Bill Wideman residence). At the age of one and one-half years I moved with my parents,. William and Tilda Christenson, to our home SW 1/4-21-19-14-W4. I was baptized and confirmed in the Lutheran Church. I received my education at the Farmington School and the Kingman Rural High School.

At the end of June, after completing grade 11, I took a hairdressing course in Edmonton. However, when it was soon time for school to begin in the fall, my mother and dad, who knew that I had always wanted to be a teacher, came to the city to see if I wanted to continue in the hairdressing profession, or come home and go back to school, grade 12. The decision was mine. I decided to go back to school so I enrolled at the Camrose Lutheran College and then went to Normal School where I received my teaching certificate.

My first 3 years of teaching service 1935-38 was in the Coal Hill School District #1514. I boarded with the W. Boettger family and was grateful for their warm and friendly hospitality. During the winter, Marvin, Eldon, Orvin and I drove to and from school over the newly drifted snowbanks in the cutter. It was fun, except when Minnie, the horse, decided to perform one of her galloping runaway antics. This happened quite often. One evening on the way home from school she was especially frisky so we decided that this was enough. We weren't taking any more chances. We unhitched the horse and pulled the cutter home, hoping to get into the yard without anyone noticing. But Mr. Boettger saw us coming and jokingly wondered if we had taken pity on the horse. (I understand that one of the teachers was dumped into the snowbank by this same horse, which then went merrily on her way.)

One cold, blustery winter afternoon, our Superintendent. Mr. C. H. Robinson, very unexpectedly appeared on the scene to visit in our classroom. He had come by bobsled (no snowplows in those days) and at 3:30 he was quickly whisked away in the same manner in which he had come. It was in this school that I had my first experience with a student or practice teacher, Laverne (Anderson) Nesvold.

In 1938-39, I taught in the Kingman Elementary School #2867, grades 1 to 8, while my brother-in-law Simon Simonson, taught in the High School. During the year besides having a part in the many social activities, we concentrated on the compilingof material for the Yearbook of the Kingman Gymnastic Class 1935-39.

In 1939-40, I taught in the New Salem School District south of Camrose. I boarded with the F. Shea family. I will always remember the fine hospitality of the people in this district. Many were the invitations to supper, Sunday dinners, and overnight stays in some of the homes of my pupils. Then, too, there were the tobogganing and skating parties they were fun.

On July 5. 1940 I married Wilfred Simonson, son of Mary and Willie Simonson. Pastor Vinge performed the ceremony at the Lutheran parsonage in Ryley. Wilf was born in the Bardo district and was baptized and confirmed in the Lutheran church. He, too, received his education at the Farmington School, and later attended C. L. B. I. in Carrirose. He farmed in the Bardo district.

After our marriage we went to live in New Westminster, B.C. for a few years. Upon returning to Kingman we purchased and settled in the newly built and recently vacated home of Gladys and Ted Grahn. Wilfred worked at the Dodds Coal Mine for a time and later was employed by the Jubilee Construction Company in Camrose. I returned to the teaching profession, a grade 3 and 4 class in the Kingman School. Besides having a part in the many social activities, our daughters, Dianne and Vivian received their grades 1 to 11 education here. They attended Sunday School and Luther League and received their confirmation instruction at the Lutheran church.

We have pleasant memories of our associations with our friends in Kingman and are grateful to have had a share in its history. After 11 years we moved to Camrose where Wilf continued to be employed by the Jubilee Construction Company. He helped to build many fine homes as well as business places in the city. I taught in the Camrose School district (Sparling and Chester Ronning). Wilfred retired in 1976 at the age of 64 due to ill health. I took an early retirement after 23.5 years of teaching service and became a life member of the A.T.A.

Dianne and Vivian both attended C.L.C. and the University of Alberta. Dianne went into the teaching profession and taught in the Hay Lakes, New Norway and Capilano schools. She is now living in Edmonton and working as a secretary. Vivian obtained her B. Sc. in Medical Lab Technology. She worked at the University Hospital in Edmonton. She is now living in Peace River where her husband, Gordon, is a medical doctor. Each of the girls have 2 sons, Troy and Wade York and David and Paul Holt.

Wilfred passed away in May, 1978.

SIMONSON, William Richard - William Simonson was born in the year 1884 in Moorhead, Minnesota and came to the Kingman district with his parents, Simon and Lena Simonson. Early in his boyhood years, Willie floated logs down the Saskatchewan River. These logs were eventually used in some of the first buildings that were built in the Strathcona area. On one of these freighting expeditions he slipped and was caught between the logs. Fortunately he was not seriously injured. During the winter season temperatures would at times dip to 60 below (F) and then the hauling was done on the ice. He again encountered another exciting experience. Due to the ice being left in a treacherous condition in places where the muskrats had their runs, the ice gave way. He lost his load of logs and sleigh besides being thoroughly chilled himself. The horses were saved and brought to shore. This work continued all winter.

In 1907 he married Elen Marie Anderson who came to the Bardo district together with her parents, sister, and brothers. They came from Hitra, Norway. Her brothers Hans and Lars returned to their homeland but while here Lars had a store on the land that is now owned by her grandson, David Simonson.

Before coming to the Bardo District, Mrs. Simonson's parents took a homestead at Stony Plain. She told of how they would go barefoot in summer and in winter they wore woolen stockings with rabbit skins as first wrapping, then gunny sacking on the outside. Her first playmates were Indian children and she always had a soft spot in her heart for her childhood friends.

Willie Simonson, as he was called, spent his boyhood on what is now part of the Leonard Wideman farm. He told of many hardships and privations. Rabbit was the main source of meat. They dug pits, put a few willows over them then scattered oat straw sparingly on top. The rabbits would come to eat the oats and would fall into the pits. The monotony of their diet was expressed as a missionary pastor said grace thus:

For rabbit toasted and rabbit fried, For rabbit cooked and rabbit dried, For rabbit young and rabbit old, For rabbit hot and rabbit cold, For rabbit tender and rabbit tough, We thank Thee Lord, that we have enough."

In 1907 Mr. and Mrs. Simonson settled on the Scramstad farm. The first year was a disastrous year due to the killing frost which destroyed their entire crop. Nov.9th, their daughter, Alice was born. They decided to move to Edmonton in search of employment. Willie worked for a construction company and Mrs. Simonson in a laundry. Wages were low but kept them in food and clothing.

In the spring of 1909 they moved back to the Kingman district and lived on the original farm of Simon Simonson. Here their daughter, Selma was born.

In the spring of 1910 they took a homestead which later became the farm of Fred Sutton. Here twin boys, Wilfred and William were born.

In 1913 they purchased the Brocke farm. Farming was done with horses and the days in the field were long. Margarette, Delia and Harold were born here.

Here is where they lived when they bought their first car and as the children saw it they ran and hid as they were afraid of what was coming. Willie in the process of learning to drive, sat gripping the steering wheel saying , "Whoa, Whoa" as he came to the wire gate.

In 1926 they purchased the Hvidding farm and built a modern home which was enjoyed by all. Mr and Mrs. Simonson were active in the Bardo Lutheran Church.

At the age of 51 Willie had a serious heart attack, the result being he had to give up farming. Their daughter Alice and her husband Elmer Sitler then took over the farm and Simonsons moved to Edmonton and lived there a few years. Their last move was in 1950 to Camrose where they resided until their deaths, Mr. Simonson in 1962 and Mrs. Simonson in 1975.

SITLER, Alice & Elmer - Elmer Sitler married Alice Simonson, eldest daughter of Mr. & Mrs. W. Simonson. They were married in the Simonson home on Feb. 17, 1933. Their first year of married life was spent farming in the Donalda area. From Donalda they moved to the Lake Demay area, farming there until 1937, then in the Dodds area till 1939. They purchased their first farm in the Miquelon Lake area (N.W. 1/4-49-20-4) in 1939. By this time they had 2 children; Glenn, born in 1935 and Gail in 1938. Their closest neighbors were the John Myhre family and many fond "hardtime" memories are recalled by Elmer. Glenn remembers the Myhre children as his first playmates. Glenn recalls how his father used to give Alfie Myhre a nickel for a tune on the fiddle which invariably was "My Mommie gave me a rubber dolly". Alfie was at that time only 3 or 4 years old and of course later won the "Old time fiddler contest" which brought much fame to the Kingman community.

Elmer recalls a brush fire which broke out in the spring of 1940 on section 13-49-20-4, owned by Oscar Thompson. Fanned by southeast winds, the fire burned the present Arnt Skoglund (N.W.1/4-24-49-20-4), the Elwood Flemming (S.E.1/4-26-49-20-4) and the complete (S.1/2-26-49-20-4). Most of the community fought the fire from about 10:00 A.M through the night, finally stopping it only about 100 yards east of Alice and Elmers house and only a short distance from the John Myhre home.

In 1941 Alice and Elmer moved to the Simonson home, taking over the family farm after Will Simonson suffered a severe heart attack. They later also purchased the Fred Sutton (N.E. 1/434-49-19-4) which was Will Simonson's original homestead. Elmer still owns and farms that plus the two original Will Simonson quarters.

Another son, Harold was born to their family in 1944. Alice passed from this life on Dec. 4, 1978, leaving Elmer alone. He continues to farm but talks of turning things over to the boys.

Glenn amrried the former Edith Sorenson of the Tilley area in 1959. They have 3 children: Timothy, Ellen and Gaylene. Glen and Edith live in Ardrossan, in 1974 they purchased the Alf. Simonson farm. Glenn farms that plus two additional quarters with the help of Elmer. Glenn has been employed by Gulf Oil as a Lab. Technician since 1955.

Gail married Ed Look, they have 3 girls: Kathy, Sandy and Karen. They reside in Swift Current, Saskatchewan where they own and operate the Ed Look Pontiac Buick dealership.

Harold married Betty Ann Carr and they have 2 sons, Rob and Scott. They have a home on the home farm site which provides company for Elmer now that he is alone. Harold sells real estate for A.E. LePage- Melton Realty Harold and Betty Ann also operate "Sitler's" a business in the Duggan Mall in Camrose.

SIZER, Jim - by Pete Sizer - Jim Sizer was born in England, Dec.22, 1879. He immigrated with his parents to Illinois in 1884, they moved to Kansas in 1887. About 1903 the C.P.R was advertising homestead land in Alberta, Canada so Jim decided to apply for a homestead. With his covered wagon, a team of horses, a colt, dog, bicycle, food and a bed, he traveled about a month before reaching Wetaskiwin, Alberta. After a short rest he traveled on to Holden. On the way he stopped at the Olaf Skalin farm for a couple of days. He then went on towards Holden to look the country over. He decided to settle 10 miles south of Holden and liked it very well so sent for his folks to come over.

It was late summer when Jim met his parents in Wetaskiwin with their belongings and 6 children, 3 boys and 3 girls. The two youngest were twins(a boy and girl) only 8 years old when they arrived.

They travelled in two wagons to the Skalins where his mother, the 3 sisters and one brother Bud stayed for about 10 days. Jim and his father Elam and 2 brothers Dick and Charles went on to the homestead where Jim had been busy building a log house. They put up a lean - to over a tent on one side of Jims house. They lived there the first winter.

On Dec. 22, 1904, Jim married Laura Skalin. The 3 oldest children, Pete, born in Sept. 5, 1905: Edward, Mar.10, 1907 and Elizabeth Sept.4, 1909 were all born in Holden.

Jim and his father hauled lumber 11 miles south of Holden with two wagons and four oxen on each wagon. The lumber was used to build the Fairview school. About 1910 Jim and family moved to the Carlson farm, later owned by the McPhedrans. Mrs Sizer with the 3 children drove her cow (Black beauty) and a white horse (Fly) pulling the democrat. Jim drove 2 of the oxen and one horse pulling the wagon with a hay rack on it loaded with furniture and machinery. He also had a crate of chickens tied under one side of the hayrack. When going through low places the chickens didn't like getting their feet wet.

Jim had a black steer he would ride. The steer was rather mean but it was better than walking. Jim's riding horse was trained so when they wanted to cross a wire fence Jim would hang his coat over the wire and the horse would jump over the coat the wait for Jim to mount again.

George Sizer was born on the Carlson farm in 1911 and was buried in the Fridhem Cemetery on Aug.4, 1914. They again moved to the Pretty Hill area and settled on N.E.1/4 26-48-20-4 and also owned the S.E.1/4 of 35. The two quarters were side by side. At this place 3 children were born, Henry, Oct.7, 1913: Minnie in Mar. 9, 1917 and Lillie born Mar.17, 1919 and passed away Aug.22, 1959.

Mrs Sizer (Laura) was a wonderful mother who was kept busy with chores and household duties. She also owned a quarter section of land, S.W.1/4 23-48-20-4. This land was very good for hay.

The Sizer's four older children attended the Pretty Hill school starting in 1913. The school was moved from the S.W. corner of S 1-49-20-4 to S.E. corner of S.35-48-20-4. This brought the school close to the Sizer residence so the children could run home for lunch in good weather.

Jim was very active and loved to help neighbors break horses. He had a mare that he teamed with an unbroken horse, farmers had lots of horses as all work was done with horse power.

Jim and his brother in law, Olaf Skalin were partners in a steam threshing machine. They also bought a new Mogul tractor that was used for breaking new land and other farm work. They worked together doing many jobs.

One year Jim and Olaf broke up someland on the west side of the valley N.E section 26 where they turned up a couple of acres of buffalo bones. Buffalo heads and bones were quite common in those days. Jim did a lot of veterinary work for people for miles around, his reputation was such that people would rather call him than a veterinarin.

In 1922 they sold out and moved to California where Jim died in 1935 and his wife Laura died in 1939. The rest of the family is still living in California.

SKAALEN, Earl & Ella - by Earl Skaalen - We arrived in Kingman Oct. 1929 from Westlock, Alberta where I had been employed by United Grain Growers Ltd. I was sent to Kingman because I could speak Norwegian. We spent 13 years here where I was agent for Searle Grain Co.

Our children were born at Mrs. Gray's Nursing Home near Tofield and are now away from us the last many years.

Lloyd, our son who is a Brigadier General in the Canadian Airforce, lives in Syracuse, New York where he is Deputy Commander for N.O.R.A.D. He has 3 grown daughters.

Our daughter, Gladys, an R.N. is living in Kent, Washington. She has 2 grown daughters and one son. Her name is Mrs. Gladys Gould and her husband is a Post Office Supervisor.

We enjoyed our 13 years in Kingman with all the nice people who lived there at the time. Ella was agent for the Provincial Treasury Branch and I was Commissioner of Oaths for Alberta. We left for Edmonton in Aug. 1942 and I started work at McDonalds Wholesale groceries.

We are now, in 1979 living in White Rock, B.C. Ella is 70 and I am 80, we have lived here since 1965 when I retired from Inland Gas Co. in Kelowna , B.C. where I was a gas meter reader for 6 years.

*NOTE- Earl Skaalen passed away May 29th, 1979. Brigadier General Lloyd Skaalen is Commander Air Transport Group, Canadian Armed Forces stationed at Canadian Armed Forces Base Trenton, Astra, Ontario.

SOME MEMORIES OF KINGMAN - by LLoyd Skaalen - My father, Earl Skaalen was the manager of the Searle grain elevator when I was born in 1930. So until we moved to Edmonton in 1942 Kingman was home, and my memories of it are indeed pleasant.

Of course the grain business was to me the most significant activity of the town. What fun it was to work with Dad as the grain was tested, unloaded and then elevated to storage bins. I was fascinated by the machinery involved and by the constant procession of local farmers of all nationalities. The trains in and out of Kingman were also fascinating because it gave us that feeling of connection with "faraway places" like Edmonton. What a worldly man was the station agent, Mr. MacIntosh! He could read all those strange clicks of the telegraph and we often thought the trains talked to him too with their clickety- clacks as they approached carrying strangers and all manners of goods for Mr. Christenson's store, then Rodnunsky's or the Chinaman's.

I remember very clearly on a summers day in 1942 when I looked up from the yard of our home, just across from Sarkady's Blacksmith shop to see an airplane flying north westward towards Edmonton. I said then that's what I wanted to do when I grew up: and that's what I did. My next return to Kingman was to fly over in a small rented aircraft as a fledgling pilot in 1947. What a different perspective that gave me of the world I had grown up in! Nevertheless, though Kingman has since lost many of its big town landmarks, the elevators and the railway, it's stature remains high in my memories and my heart.

SKALIN, Anders Peter - Anders Peter Olafson was born June 6, 1856 in Stode, Sweden. On Nov. 10, 1878 he married Brita Larsdotter, born May 9, 1856. On April 15, 1880 they moved to Selanger and he worked as a laborer. On May 21, 1880 Olaf was born.

On June 2, 1882 they immigrated to Isanti County, Minnesota, where they landed with $18.00 and some personal belongings. He then changed his surname to Skalin.

The first year he worked in logging camps and in the summer of 1883 he bought 80 acres of land which was covered with oak and brush.

Four children were born here. Laura was born June 23, 1883 and died Nov. 30, 1939.She married Jim Sizer of Holden, in 1922 the family left for California.

Edna Charlotta was born Oct.26, 1889 and passed away Jan. 9, 1950. She married Charlie Adamson of Pretty Hill, Alberta.

Freda was born Nov. 18, 1892 and died June 19, 1950. She married John Sikstrom of Hay Lakes.

Robert was born July 5, 1897 and died Dec. 30, 1903. He was buried in the old Armena cemetery.

Mr. Skalin was a hard working and very frugal man and by 1899 had aquired 200 acres of land. His family worked very hard and did not get much schooling.

In the spring of 1901 Mr. Skalin went to Wetaskiwin by train, caought a ride to Camrose and north where he filed for homestead on Sec. 24-48-20-W4. The southwest for himself, southeast for his son Olaf, northeast for a nephew John Carlson and northwest for his brother in law, Jons Buberg.

The Pretty Hill post office was in the care of neighbor, Olaus Olson. After filing on the land he returned to Minnesota to dispose of his property and on Apr. 5, 1902 he returned with his family.

Mr. Skalin built a log house on the present site of Richard Sikstrom's residence, where there were some large trees he could cut for logs. The rest of their land contained young brush that you could drive through with horses and a wagon an indication of drought or prarie fires.

Mr. Skalin often walked to Camrose for his supplies and after the railroad came through he made very good time walking the steel rail.

He later bought N.W.13 from Nomeland. His wife Brita died on May 10, 1913 and is buried in the old Armena cemetery. In Dec. 1915 he married a widow, Mrs. Levine of Daysland and they moved to Camrose.

In 1920 he sold all his property and moved to Creston, B.C. where he fruit farmed until his retirement. He died there May 1, 1938.

SKALIN, Arthur- Arthur attended Pretty Hill School where he learned his ABC's. He joined the Air Force in 1941 and was Aircraft Engine Mechanic until 1944. He farmed until 1946 when aeroplanes and flying lured him back to rejoin the R.C.A.F. Art was with the communication squadren for 6 months, then transferred to 435 Transport Squadren for 3 months. At that time he transferred to 414 Photo Squadren at Rockcliffe, Ont., doing altitute aerial photography for maps.

He covered the area from the Pas, Manitoba and Hudson Bay, west through British Columbia and north to the Beaufort Sea. In 1947 he married Olga Hammer of Bruce. In 1948 Art left the Air Force and began working as an automotive mechanic in Vegreville. In 1960 he began servicing farm equipment. He is presently employed at Stetar's Farm Supplies, dealer for White Farm Equipment in Camrose.

SKALIN, Clarence - Clarence was the eldest son of Olaf and Anna Skalin, born on July 20, 1912. He recieved his education at the Pretty Hill School, attended the Olds School of Agriculture and took a course in diesel engineering in Calgary.

He resided on the Olaf Skalin home place situated on the N.W.19-48-19-W4.

On Nov. 25, 1942 he married Alice Grahn, daughter of Mr. & Mrs. Hilmer Grahn of Hay Lakes. They had 2 children, Carol and Janice. Carol is now Mrs. Reginald Thompson and Janice is Mrs. David Osness. The David Osness family now live on the Skalin place.

Besides farming , Clarence was a trouble shooter for the Dinant- Kingman mutual Telephone Co. from the time it was organized in Aug. 1933 until it was replaced by underground cable in Jan. 1971. He operated a threshing outfit from the time he was 16 years old, doing custom threshing until 1945 when combining became common. He also operated a White Rose bulk oil station for Canadian Oil Companies selling oil and gasoline for a number of years.

Clarence was very interested in shop work, building such things as a weaving loom and components, speed boat, hydraulic post driver, self propelled mower and a model steam engine with thresher. With the help of his brother Art they completly rebuilt an aircraft which they flew, as they both had their pilots license. Probably the main sport was boating, water- skiing and flying.

Alice also had very creative hands. She was well known as a very ambitious woman both in her home, on the farm, in Church and community work.

She is skilled in cake decorating, putting the final touches to the communities wedding and anniversary cakes. She also excelled at weaving, quilting, sewing and knitting. Her hobbies are painting in oils and acrylics, ceramics and needlework. She and Clarence are also interested in photography, doing most of their own dark room work.

They farmed until the fall of 1973 when they moved to Camrose where Alice was employed in a drapery shop for 2 1/2 years. Both are retired and living in Camrose.

SKALIN, Olaf -