We farmed at Hay Lakes until the spring of 1942. Then bought a 1/4 section hafl a mile north of Dinant, this was known as the Rasmussen homestead. Up to then it was rented by Eric Swedberg. Dinant in 1942 was a progressive little village and boasted 2 elevators. U.G.G. and Alberta Pool were serviced by the C.N.R, a fairly large railroad station, Walter Hillman was the agent. A grocery store and post office were in one building, operated by Cliff and Myrtle Rud. We soon got aquainted with them and they kept the prices in line with Camrose so all our needs were bought there. They even had gas pumps, so who needed Camrose. I sometimes think Mr. Rud would have bought our cream and eggs if we'd asked him to.

We soon met our neighbors to the west, Donald and Adena Falkenberg. They were a great help in many ways, which we will never forget. Grundbergs, also neighbors, became our friends for which we are very grateful. The Martin Lindstrands, Roslands, Hillmans, George and Lily McPhedran and the Dave Anderson's were people we had a fine Christian fellowship with. Taking everything into consideration it was a fine community and we soon felt at home.

It was an aggresive district so we organized a fastball team with Martin Lindstrand as manager. It was not long after we formed a 4 team league - Kingman, Swea, Dinant and Dinant West. We won our share of ballgames and Dinant West was our strongest rival. After the season was over we formed a couple of winter sports. Broomball was played on ice using a football, brooms had to measure up to certain standards but some of us did bend the rules a bit, it surlely was a lot of fun.

If the weather was severe we had an active group playing carpetball in the community hall. I still wonder what happened to the balls; would have liked to have one for a souvenir. All this didn't take much money and I'm sure a good time was had by all.

In 1945 our 3rd child, Garry was born. We were still looking for a baby girl and 4 years later in 1949 our girl Dianne arrived. We now felt we had our complete family.

In the fall of 1956 we sold all our livestock, bought a lot in Camrose and built a 3 bedroom home. In Nov. of that year we moved in and for the first time had hot and cold running water, thermostatically controlled heat and an indoor bathroom. We all felt that no one could have it nicer or better and thanked God for his many blessings.

We continued to farm till 1961 when we had an auction and sold the farm to the Hutterites.

After 1955 I was employed at Dick's Garage and Machine Shop, owned by Richard Pederson. I was the manager of the parts dept. when he had the franchise for Volkswagon and Rambler cars. I worked there for 12 years, then the business was sold. I didn't see eye to eye with my new boss so i soon quit. We rented our Camrose house and moved to Edmonton, I found a job with the Provincial Govt. I was with them until my retirement in 1976. We now live in the Avonmore area in a nice location. After retirement we purchased a new Dodge Motorhome, we do a lot of travelling and have seen a great deal of Canada and the U.S. and Mexico etc. Both Olga and I like to go to auction sales, we buy and sell antiques, refinishing unusual pieces. We find this interesting as well as a good return on our investments.

In 1978 we took a trip overseas. We spent a few days in London, England, Athens, Greece, Cairo, Egypt, Amman, Jordan and 5 days in Jerusalem, Israel. We thoroughly enjoyed the trip, especially Jerusalem. We now understand why God refers to Israel as the land of milk and honey. We were told they cut alfalfa hay 11 times a year, all the land is irrigated by the sea of Galilee. Very interesting.

After he finished high school in Camrose Kenneth, our oldest, started work in the Safeway store in 1955. In 1958 he got aquainted with a lovely girl from Biggar, Sask., and they got married in 1959. He has been a manager of Safeway for 15 years and they live in Edmonton where they are members of the Jasper Place Church of God.

Our second son James, after finishing school started to work for the C.P.R. and while stationed in Stettler, met a girl and married her in 1961. James did not like working behind a desk so he quit and is now employed by the Alberta Motor Association. Their home is in Camrose and they attend the Church of God there.

Third son Garry, joined the Airforce. While there he took a course in electronics. After an honorable discharge and a course in electronics he found employment with Alberta govt. telephones and is still with them. He married a registered nurse in Aug. 1968 and they live on an acerage west of Millet. They attend the Zion Baptist Church.

Our only girl, Dianne, after finishing gr. 12 in Camrose started working for the federal govt. in Northern Development and Indian Affairs. She is now holding the position of finance officer in Edmonton and attends the Christian Missionary Alliance Church in Sherwood Park.

We have 9 grandchildren, 2 granddaughters and 7 grandsons. They all live close by, we see them often and enjoy them very much. They all come to our house for Christmas so it makes quite a full house.

On Dec. 10th we celebrated our 44th wedding anniversary and as we look back over those years of marriage we thank God for the country we live in and the many blessing we recieve. We are members of the Christian Missionary Alliance Church in Sherwood Park and both Olga and I are enjoying retirement in good health.

HOFLIN, Albin - I was born Feb. 18th, 1895 in Vemdalen in the province of Harjedalen, Sweden. I was baptized and called Jerner Albin Hoflin. My Dad, Eric Hoflin married Gertrude Johnson from Han in the province of Harjedalen. Her brothers were olof and Johannas Johnson, also from Han.

Then my parents decided to move to America. We landed at Browns Valley, Minnesota in 1896. Cousins of my Dad were there before us, they were Mons, Erick, Ole and John Berquist. We stayed there 4 years.

My Dad, Mother, Uncle Andrew and myself came over the ocen, it took 13 days to get to Quebec. They expected I would die any minute when we landed but finally I lived through it, I was about 1 year old then.

My parents decided to move to Canada in 1900. While we were in the states my brother, John Alex was born in 1896, my sister Christina, in 1898 and my brother Emil was born in 1900. He died in infancy. My Uncle Andrew married a widow with 3 children, Lillie, Agness and Lewis. ( The widow was Anna Sanders, daughter of Peter O. Seline from Ostersund in the province of Jamtland, Sweden. He is buried in the Kingman cemetery.)

We landed at Wetaskiwin in 1900. Lars Pederson and ourselves settled at Northern, which was later called Bardo. There were people there as early as 1893, They were Martin Finseth from the Red River Valley, U.S.A., Nels Jevning, Peder B. Anderson, Bersvena Anderson, John Lerbekmo, Halvor Haugen, Johannes Johnson, Johan Arndt Johnson and Lars Johnson.

In 1896-97 there were: George Bruce, Emil Gjertain, Jorgan Quam, Ivor Gronberg, Tollief Carlson, Espen Hanson, Martin Hanson and ole Bakken.

In 1900 there were, Asbjorn Moen, Martin Eide, Edwin Johnson, Andreas Johnson, Jacob Boness Jr. & Sr., Ingaborg Haugseth, Hans Boness, John Viken, Stein, Johannes and Lars Foshaug, Arnold Stein, Martin and Olof Berg, Ole Grondahl, Hans Jenson, Ole Jenson, Agnethe Jenson, Anton Bartness, Louis Qually and Ole Nelson.

In 1902-03 from Bardo, Norway, there were, M.B. Ness, Halvor Eggen, Simon Haaksvold, and Johan Olson.

The following arrived from the U.S. in 1902-03; Simon Nordhus, Axel Kindley, Carl and Nils Langerud, Albert Christenson and C.J. Rude. From Sweden, M. Ostman, Willie and Hjalmar Ostman.

In 1904, from Minnesota, John B. Anderson (originally from Bardo, Norway with adopted children: Albin, Martha, Bernhard and Hans Hillerud.), Later arrivals were Einar Olea Haugland, Oliver Fosness, Ingebrigt Forseth, Ole Forseth, O. Livelton, John Viken and Alfred Stronstad. Also from the U.S were Simon Haakstad, T. Z. Rorem, Anton Horte, and direct from China, H.N. Ronning came in 1907. Mrs. O. Brecken from Eagle Hill, Alberta and Otto Johanson also arrived that year.

1899 was an awful year with no rain, so we left Wetaskiwin in the summer. While we were going up Pipe Stone Creek at Gwynne, my brother John wanted to go home, whether to Wetaskiwin or the U.S. we didn't know but we sure had to hold him back.

Edmund Thompson was a land guide when we arrived in Sparling (later changed to Camrose). We arrived in Kingman, 4 miles northeast but there was no hamlet then. The winter was calm and dry, we were in our shirt sleeves all winter. There were no Indians around at the time but Lars Pederson and my Dad lost 2 saddle horses. We found no trace of them.

1901& 02 were raining years. 1901 we had 6 inches in june, 14 inches in July and 6 inches in Aug. 1902 was also very wet and the roads were under water, sloughs became lakes and creeks were like rivers. We used rafts to cross the creeks and the cows swam across. My uncle Olof Johnson came from Browns Valley, U.S.A. with his wife and 4 children, Mary, Selma, John and Emma. They stayed with us for a while until they built on Sec. 12-49-19-4. Olof Johnson was the brother of Gertrude, Albins mother, and Johannes Johnson with whom grandma Anna Hoflin later lived with at Miquelon Lake.

The second house we built had a sod roof and floor made of poplar. There was a saw mill at Hastings Lake at the time. My uncle zole Olson came from Sweden with his wife and 3 children, Margaret, Martha and Oscar, and they stayed with us till they got settled. They built 6 miles east and 1 mile north of Round Hill. In 1903 we built our 3rd house, a 2 story with shingles. Asbjorn Moen built it. My sister, Alma was born in that house, Sept. 16, 1903.

Paulus paulson, his wife and 3 boys, Valentine, Alfred and martin came from Sweden. They stayed with us till they settled 6 miles east and 1 mile north of Round Hill. They were my Mother's cousins( the cousins of Olof, Gertrude and Johannes Johnson0. His wife died and is buried at Wetaskiwin. Mrs. Paulson's brother lived beside Jonas Peterson. He worked for us stooking and doing chores. I also started cooking and milking cows. When Uncle Andrew was at Lake Demay he trapped muskrats, I helped skin them but don't remember how much he got for them. We had no record books then so I might have made a few cents. We would walk 6 miles from the lake to Jacob Lagergren and his partner Mr. Anderson in Strathcona near Edmonton to sell them.

Talk about fish in our creek! Mostly suckers and people would come from near and far and scoop them up.

Ole Bartness was a photographer and I bought a camera and did my own filming. With my own lamp, I did the developing down in the cellar's dark place, so I thought i was a photographer too.

My mother's brother, Johannes Johnson and Grandmother, Mrs. Matson came from Sweden in 1905. Johannes settled 6 miles east of Round Hill. Grandmother stayed at our place, spinning wool and she smoked a small pipe. My brother Emil wa born Apr. 22, 1905, brother Arthur the 25th of Feb, 1907 and brother Mauritz on Christmas Day, 1911.

The winters of 1906-07 were very cold and miserable, there was lots of snow. My Dad rented quite a few head of cattle but had no shed or barn so they froze to death along with our own, and i had to help skin them. They were Knut Boenno's cattle from south of Coal Hill, i bought a saddle pony from him.

I remember Mr. Qually moved the house before the rainy season. Lars Pederson's house was 1/2 a mile further north, close to the creek, so we were neighbors. Mr. Qually lived close to Grands Forks school. My Dad was appointed councillor in the early days, making roads with horses and slips. The neighbors would work off their taxes, I used to help hold the scrapers and sometimes drove a team. Iver Finseth was secretary at the meetings.

Jacob Erson and daughter Caroline came from Grouard or Lesser Slave Lake in 1904 and bought 3/4 of land just east of us, it was railroad land at $3.00 an acre. Dad would have bought it but he was a few days too late.

Dad's sister Margareta Hoflin came from Sweden in 1904 and worked for Mons Bergquist at Bawlf. She hurt herself somehow and had several operations in Edmonton which Dad paid about $600.00 for. She went back to Sweden in 1907. That year we built a horse barn. Ludwig Pederson built it with a hay loft and shingles all around the outside. One morning when we opened the door there were dead chickens inside. They had suffocated because of poor ventilation. We built a cupola on top of the chicken coop for ventilation.

Ludwig Pederson and Gust Olson built a barn for Lars Pederson in 1906 or '07 with shingles on the roof, I would stand on the roof and watch. I wasn't much of a helper for them.

Grande Forks school was built in 1903 with a large bell on it, easily heard when the weather was calm. Martin Eide was the first secretary treasurer and Rev. Gordon, the first teacher. Farmington school was built in 1902 and I started school at 9 years old. I went mostly in the winter as I had to stay home during the spring work, haying, harvest and threshing times. I had 3 miles to walk. Amy Swarbrick was the first teacher, Clarence Simonson, secretary treasurer. We hauled part of a granery to the school to shelter the team when I drove to school in a cutter.

Torfin Brocke taught me the ABC's outside of school because I couldn't speak English. I was the same distance to Grande Forks school. so I went there too with Rev. Gordon as teacher. I was the only one who could follow his pointer stick on the blackboard, adding the answers just as fast. Clarence Rude says he can prove that.

I was confirmed near the church at Iver Moen's place. Rev. Hjortass only spoke Norwegian and I only spoke Swedish, now I only speak English.

In 1910 my sister Alma laid under a wagon and got chilled, she got sick with arthritis and rheumatic fever. Dr. Emmett of Kingman was her physician. She sure had pains in her legs.

In 1911 my Dad bought a threshing machine with Skalin's, Wilson's and Charlie Sizer, I became a water monkey. Around 1908 Lars Johnson and the 5 Thronson brothers threshed for us before we got our own machine.

Dec. 1912 we went to Grande Prarie to file scripts on a homestead. Mr. Melsness, Olaf Horte, Chris Horte, Lars Johnson, Martin and George Hagen and Albin Hoflin came too. We camped 2 miles east of Valhalla Centre on Christmas eve. I am the only survivor of that group (as of 1969). Christmas day I picked my land west of Iver Jeremierson's place. He wasn't home but we stayed in his cabin for dinner and put 2 teams of horses in his barn. We filed for our land and left for Kingman, it took 1 month there and back on the Edson trail and the train to Kingman. In 1913 Dad went to Grande Prairie to see what kind of land I got. The mares were in foal, when we landed in March the horses got swamp fever and missed on the 2 colts, 1 mare died.

I remember once in La Glace, we were playing softball. I ran backwards faster than Sigvart Berg and that sure got a laugh from the others. If Sigvard had thrown the ball to home plate, I would have run back to 3rd and slid without being touched. Now I am punk and slow in walking as anyone at 74 years old.

The old log house Dad built in 1903 had billions of bedbugs. Albert Grondal and I used masks and tried to kill them in the cracks of the logs. When I was farming in 1916 the frozen wheat looked like bedbugs, but didn't bite. When we crawled under the stooks, mice would come and visit. All we had to do was shoo them or kick them with a foot and they would scamper to another stook.

Note; this is an edited version of Albin Hoflin's original manuscript written in longhand in La Glace, Alberta about 1969 after his last trip to Sweden in 1965. He has passed away but unfortunatly at this time, no one has been able to give me the date of his death.

Russell Hanson.

HOFLIN, Andrew & Anna - Andrew landed at Browns Valley, Minnesota in 1896 with brother Eric Hoflin and his family. They were met by cousins Mons, Erick, Ole and John Berquist who had left Sweden much earlier. Mons moved to Bawlf in 1903 and Eric moved his family to Canada in 1900. Andrew was born in 1876 at Vemdalen in the province of Harjedalen. His father, Anders Hoflin came from Undersaker to han near Sveg in 1865. He met Kerstin Olofson from Vastibacken and they married in Vemdalen in 1866. Others in the family were Olaf (1867), Johannes(1871) and margareta(1882). The name was sometimes spelled Hovlin in Sweden.

Olaf and Johannes remained in Sweden but Margareta came to Canada in 1904. She worked for Mons Berquist at bawlf but after an illness returned to Sweden in 1907. Andrew and Jjohan, sons of Johannes Hoflin live at La Glace, Alberta.

When Andrew married the widow Anna Sanders with 3 children in 1901 he lived in Tien, near Sisseton, South Dakota. Anna who was born in Varmland province, Sweden in 1874 was the only child of Peter and Mrs. Selin. She was 8 when her parents arrived in Lac Qui Parle County near Bellingham, Minnesota in 1882.

In 1892 Anna had married Lewis Sanders of Traverse County, MN. but he died from typhoid fever in 1897. Ther were 4 children, Lillian(1892), Agnes(1894) Louisa(1896, died of cholera in '97) and Lewis born 1897. Members of the family later adopted the Hoflin name. Lillian married John Jacobson of Holden to whom Louisa Winder was born. Lewis married Mary Stefura of Lake Demay, they had 5 children.

Before Andrew left for Canada in search of a homestead, Arthur and Esther were born at Effington, South Dakota. Arthur married Gae Graham, they farmed in the Spilsted district north of Miquelon. Esther married Gustav Hanson who farmed at Miquelon Lake.

Andrew picked his homestead at Lake demay in 1903 but his family didn't join him till June 1906. Grandfather Selin, who lived with the family in Sisseton,South Dakota, accompanied them to Canada. The homestead was solid bush but it had more appeal than the bald Dakotas. After the family arrived in '06, a postcard was recived from Browns Valley, MN. addressed "Mrs. A. Hoflin, 12 miles N.E of Camrose, Alberta", the card had reached it's destination.

Cash was scarce for the early settler and the homesteads needed cash to succeed. Muskrats were plentiful but worth only about 10 cents a pelt, Andrew trapped them for extra income. When the opportunity arose he worked in road construction. Before Grandpa Selin left for his homestead he helped on the farm. Johannes Johnson also worked on the farm at times.

The homestead in Lake Demay remained in the family for many years, Andrew's family had many associations with Miquelon Lake. When Peter Selin moved to Miqeulon, Andrew helped him make improvements. After Andrew died in 1914 his widow lived at Miquelon in her later years. After her father died in 1923, Anna Hoflin aquired title to his homestead. Since she could move freely between the 2 places, an account of the family is closely related to Lake Demay and Miquelon Lake.

Helen, the youngest daughter was born at Camrose in 1908. She married Ben Sylvester Creek from Harper, Kansas, they had 5 children. Helen now lives in Surrey, B.C.

Anna Hoflin was well known as a midwife who helped many in childbirth. A Dr. was usually busy making calls by horse and buggy over a wide area but a midwife was usually ready for such calls. Her presence was welcome in times of sickness too . Anna was also active in a group called the Ladies Aid Skogsblomen, they called themselves "flowers of the forest". They met often in her home.

The 1rst agricultural fair was held in Camrose in 1909, Andrew and Anna entered their first exhibits in 1911. Anna was a consistant winner up to 1914. Andrew entered a pair of old sheep for which he won prizes in 1911 and '12. He also won for barley and oats entries in 3 annual fairs. Anna won in the vegetable, baking and dairy product classes, taking 6 to 15 prizes at each fair, including prizes for her fancy aprons. Even Agnes, her daughter won for butter prints in the dairy class.

Andrew contracted out in the building of roads after he bought a horse drawn road grader. The work was very slow as there was little money available for road construction. He went as far south as Calgary in search of road contracts. In 1913 he worked on the C.N.R. line at Castor, he was off work briefly because of an accident on the job.

Circumstances changed dramatically for the family after Andrew died suddenly in Feb. 1914. After a short period of drinking and despondancy, Andrew took his own life. Statements at the inquest indicated he was heavily in debt. After spending the day in Camrose, Andrew returned home with groceries and left again. He returned home at midnight and went directly to bed complaining he didn't feel well. His wife sent Lewis for a doctor, but when he arrived about two in the morning, Andrew had passed away. A little brown bottle containing lethal poison was found in his pocket.

A great responsibility for the farm now fell on Lewis, eldest son. Grandfather Selin had moved to Miquelon, Lilly and Agnes had left home so Lewis began working construction jobs. When Arthur, Esther and helen finished school they went out to work too.

When Anna aquired SW 27 at Miquelon Lake the place had a log house and barn. Lewis and mary moved the family to the new place in 1928 and grandmother Hoflin accomanied them. When bad times came Helen and Ben Creek moved to the home place at Lake Demay. Johannes Johnson moved to the Selin farm and later Anna Hoflin went to live therre too.

Anna passed away at the Tofield hospital Mar. 16, 1954 at 80 years old. She enjoyed exceptionally good healt through the years, and even in the last year she travelled with her daughter Esther to visit her other daughters, Helen and Agnes at Vancouver.

As one of the oldtimers in the district she is remembered by her family as one who had seen much of pioneer life. Anna Hoflin had witnessed many changes, from the horse and buggy to inventions like electricity, radio, T.V., the car, and the airplane, but she didn't see men land on the moon.

HOFLIN, Eric Anderson - One of the oldest and perhaps best known pioneers of the Norden and Willow Flats area was Eric Hoflin, born at Hon Windalen, Sweden, June 12, 1869. Very little is known of his early life in the old country, the passage of time has taken away so many of the oldtimers and dimmed the memory of others.

He married Gertrude Johnson from Harjedalen, Sweden on June 12, 1895. In 1896 they immigrated to America with their son, Albin. What a trip it was. For 13 days they sailed the wild and stormy Atlantic, arriving in Quebec City. After a very short stay they left for Browns Valley, Minnesota where they lived for 4 years. They farmed land owned by Lars Pederson. During this time 3 more children were born, John, Emil who died in infancy and 1 daughter Christine. Grandpa with his wife and 3 remaining children decided to move to Alberta, Canada. They came to Wetaskiwin by rail with a carload of settlers effects. They travelled by horse and wagon to norden, now known as Bardo and filed on the SE1/4 22-49-19-W4 in the Willow Flats area. It later became known as the Farmington school district.

Their 1rst house was built of logs with a sod roof and a great deal of pride and satisfaction. This was home for 3 years. During the summers of 1902 and '03 it rained so much, the countryside became a big lake and as grandpa later said, it dripped inside the sod shanty for a week after it quit raining. In 1904 they decided enough was enough so they built a new 2 story frame house with shingles on the roof. This would be home for many years. During the years on the original homestead he aquired extensive land holdings in the Kingman area, including the Sollid farm, now owned by Vernon Campbell.

Our grandfather was a kind and generous man. His heart and home were always open to those in need and his help was always appreciated by those early pioneers.

When the Farmington school was built he served on the board for many years. As a devoutman he was instrumental in building the Lutheran church in Kingman which still stands today. For the next 10 years the community grew by leaps and bounds, with settlers moving in all the time, so grandpa decided to hit the pioneer trail again, this time to La Glace in the Grande prarie country. He travelled by horse and sleigh via the old Edson trail and after 1 month arrived in la Glace in Feb. 1913. He bought more land and while there, recieved letter saying his wife was very ill in Kingman and to come home at once. He shoulderedhis pack and headed down the Edson trail on foot, arriving at the railhead in April, 250 miles in 6 days. I wonder how many athletes of today could equal this hectic trip. His troubles wern't over. On purchasing his rail ticket he found he had lost his wallet containing $20.00. He showed the letter to the conductor and was given passage with the promise of paying on arrival in Tofield. He found his wife somewhat better, but for the rest of the summer her health failed.

On Jan. 20, 1914 his wife gave birth to a son, Clarence, who died at birth, his wife died on Jan. 26,1914. She fought a losing battle with cancer of the throat. Both were buried in Kingman cemetery. Their family had grown larger with 3 more boys and 1 daughter. Emil passed away at 19 due to an accident and was buried in Kingman. The rest of the family included Arthur, Harold, Mauritz and Alma. Grandpa farmed with the family for the next 7 years then married Margaret Stein in Canwood, Sask. and brought her to his farm in Kingman.

Christmas was an important day to our grandparents and grandchildren and we all remember the little gifts we would get. Pennies wrapped in colored paper were treasured very much.

During the early '30's he again took up homesteading. This time in the Noral district of Lac La Biche. Many times Agnes mattson would travel by covered wagon with her beloved grandparents to the homestead at Noral. His 2 sons, Harold and Mauritz also farmed in this area and mauritz and his wife looked after our grandparents until their passing. Grandmother died in Lac La Biche hospital in 1947 at 78 and was buried in Kingman cemetery. Grandpa passed away at his sons home in Noral on mar. 9, 1948 at age 78. He was buried at Kingman beside his 2 wives and family. Albin Hoflin passed away may 4, 1974 and is buried at la Glace.

HOFLIN, John Alexander - I was born at Browns valley, Minnesota on Dec. 12, 1896. In 1900 my parents decided to go to Alberta to get land of their own so they loaded their belongings a railway car and shipped them to Wetaskiwin. Dad shipped 3 horses (Kate, Prince and Sadie), 1 pony, 3 cows, 1 binder,drill and a plow. He paid $75.00 for a 7 foot binder at that time. We got to Wetaskiwin, left the machinery there and hauled the household goods to the homestead at Norden (95 miles from Wetaskiwin). Mother drove the team so Albin, Christine and i were on the wagon load and Dad on the saddle horse, chasing cows. When we got to Pipestone creek we had to ford it as there was no bridge at the time. I was scared of water so I jumped off the load to run back home. I didn't get far as Dad was on horseback and caught me in a hurry. At Norden we stayed at Lars Pederson's till we got our house built. Lars and Dad farmed together till dad got some land broke. They each had a team so it made a good outfit. In 1903 our 3 horses and lars' got away. Later they found out a horse thief from Riley stole them and took them across the border, but Dad's team got away from them and came back home. The other 4 were never found.

That year we built a second house closer to the creek and used the 1rst house as a granery. Ole Olson was helping to build it. The parts they cut off the corners was just the right size for wood. When they were in for coffee, Albin and I decided to split the wood. Albin was older so he finished his first and was going to split mine, but i wasn't going to let him. He lifted the axe in the air to take a swing and I hurried to pull the block away, I put my hand on top of the block, down came the axe and there went 3 fingers on my left hand. I just had my little finger and thumb. The ends of 2 fingers were still hanging by some skin so Ole made splints and bound them tightly. They fused together so they are a bit crooked but still work. The 3rd finger was cut right off so it was left in the mitt and thrown away.

On Nov. 17, 1914 I left with Benny Bjerge, Jim Evjen, Benny Valve, Amuund Olson and Edwin Fredrickson to come over the Edson trail and landed at Albins place in La Glace, Alberta. We stayed 1 year, in Feb. 1915 I had to go back to Kingman to help Dad harvest. Mr. Sydbo was up visiting his sons so we went back together as far as the Goodwin Crossing at Smokey River. We got a steam boat to Prudence Crossing and walked 7 miles to the end of the steel then took the railway to Kingman. In the same year Pete Haugen and Ingwart Haugseth loaded up their belongings at Bardo to ship to Prudence crossing and I rode the frieght car with their belongings. At the crossing they unloaded their possesions on sleighs and drove to La Glace. It took us 2 days to get there.

I hired out to Smithers logging camp as a faller. they were short of workers so I was a swamper for the skidder. After 1 week, I left and went to Cordin, B.C. I worked at a big sawmill employing 164 men, I stayed there till break up. Then to Rocky Mountain house and the coal mine for 1 year. In Apr. 1920 i went back to Grande prairie, Stayed there till '24. In 1925 I started working for Andrew Fredrickson threshing in the fall and bush work in the winter, I stayed 9 years.

In 1928 I went to help Dad clear land by pulling stumps on the school 1/4 he had bought. George Undin bought the east half and together we used the steamer. George was cable man, Dad hauled coal and water and I was on the enjine. There were 3 Johns, John Matson (Papa John), John Hoflin(Little John) and John A.Hoflin (Big John). We broke about 15 acres and things were going good untill we hit a big stump hole. Art was handling the steering wheel and couldn't avoid it so the front wheel fell in and couldn't pull itself out. All the water went to the front end and blew the safety plug out and that was the end of the steamer. Dad went to Tofield and bought a John Deere tractor, 2 years after that he traded the steamer off and bought 2 Allis Chalmers tractors.

In 1935, 5 came from Kingman looking for homesteads. We went to Fort St. John, Rolla, Dawson Creek and Rose Prarie. There were Pete Erickson, Oscar Olson, E.A. Hoflin, John Matson and George Undin. The ones from this area who went were J. Soderquist, Arthur Hoflin, Andrew Hoflin, Albin Hoflin, the Haugland brothers, Andrew August, O. Bergquist, O. Pederson, P. Erickson, O. Paulson and myself.Brother Arthur took the truck and went to Kingman. I went down to get the truck and Carl larson wanted me to take some frieght for the store. I loaded it and after supper, started out for Grande Prarie. It was dark when I got to Athabasca River so I didn't see it till I was half way from the hill. I put both brakes on but still skidded right into the river. It was 2 days before I got going again.

In 1938, Carl Christopherson came up with his family and i fell in love with his daughter, Ina. We married Oct. 22, 1940 and had 3 girls and 1 boy. Joyce, who married Don Hatton lives on a farm in Beaverlodge. They have 3 girls.

Eileen married Ernest Burgess, they have a boy and a girl and live in Beaverlodge.

Shirley married Glenn Moodie, they 3 boys (one set of twins) and live in Sexsmith.

Wilbert married Hilde Motsch, they have a girl and a boy and live in Fort McMurray.

I farmed for 20 years and in 1967 I moved to Valhalla Center and took the job of caretaker for the school. I retired after 10 years, we still live in Valhalla Center.

HOFLIN, Lewis and Mary - Lewis Andrew William Sanders was born in Browns valley, Traverse County, Minnesota, Dec. 7, 1897 to parents, Lewis and Anna Sanders. His mother, the only child of Mr. and Mrs. Peter O. Selin, married Lewis Sanders in 1892 at Wheaton, Minnesota. It was her 1rst marriage and Lewis was the youngest child of that marriage. Lewis Sanders father came from Sweden, either Skane in the south or Skon in the north. He is not related to the Sander families who came from Minnesota to the Cmrose district. Lewis Sanders died in May 1897 of typhoid fever.

When his mother married Andrew Hoflin in 1901, they moved to Sisseton, South Dakota. Grandfather Selin, a wdower accomanied them. Shortly after the wedding, Andrew left for the Camrose area in search of a homestead. He found 1 at Lake Demay in 1903 and his family joined him in 1906, young Lewis was 8 years old.

Now known as Lewis Hoflin (sometimes called Louis), he kept busy on the farm while attending Poznan school. He accidently shot his foot while duck hunting in 1914. He was hospitalized about 6 weeks. At 16, Lewis worked on a road construction gang between Lake Demay and Round HillHe may have worked for his stepfather, Andrew who operated a road grading outfit. Unfortunatley his stepfather Andrew died suddenly in Feb.1914 and as eldest son the responsibility of the farm fell to him.

When the Round Hill cheese factory was in operation, Mrs. Hoflin aquired the milk route for the district in 1923 but Lewis made the delivery to Round Hill by horse and wagon. It wasn't long before Lewis owned a Model T Ford. Such luxury didn't impress Mary Stefura, whom Lewis married in 1925. When they were courting, Mary preferred to travel by horse and buggy.

Mary was born Apr. 23, 1908 to Paul and Annie Stefura at Lake Demay. The brothers, Paul, Harry and Alex Stefura had come to Canada in 1902, and their parents, Peter and Marinka Stefura may have come later. They came from a small village in Galicia, part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Like many before them, they travelled by train across the Austrian border to hamburg, then by boat to Halifax and train to Edmonton. Peter and john Stefura, who live in Lake Demay wern't sure of the cost of the trip but there was little left from the sale to give their parents a good start on their "160 acres of bush", as Peter described it.

When Anna Hoflin aquired SW 27 at Miquelon Lake from Alfred Hellgren, there were sheds, a log house and a barn on the place. Lewis, Mary and their boys Percy and Arthur, moved to the new farm in 1928. Gladys was born in 1929, followed by Bernice and Lawrence. Grandma Hoflin came too, Lewis operated the far at Miquelon but made an occasional trip to Lake Demay for oats and feed.The children were attending Miquelon school when tragedy struck again. This time Lewis was sent to Calgary in 1935 for medical attention. When cancer was discovered he went to the ponoka Hosp. for treatment. mary visited him often, he passed away Nov. 6, 1937.

Things went poorly after his death, so many had depended on him over the years. The boys were still in school and too young to take over the farm. As the family grew up, they all left home.

Percymarried Lillian Godin of Wetaskiwin. Their only son, Randy, is married with 2 children, they live in Calgary. Arthur remains single and lives in Alder Flats. Gladys married peter Maciborsky of Alder Flats, they had 3 children. Bernice married Harold Johnson of Pretty Hill, they live in Alder Flats and have 5 children. Lawrence married marion Orr of Rosalind, they have 5 children and also live in Alder Flats.

Mary Hoflin left the farm in 1945. Succumbing to a lingering illness, she died June 8, 1947 at 39 years old. She maintained a strong heart and loving smile through her illness. Steve Stefura, an only brother, lives in Alder Flats.

HOLDSWORTH, David - My mother, Ellen Carlson was widowed in 1924 when her husband Ed Norlander, died of typhoid fever leaving her with 5 small children.In 1927 she married my father, Maurice Holdsworth and to this union 5 more children were born.

They moved to Miquelon Lake area in 1929 and rented the SW 1/4-20-49-20 W4, owned by Mr. Bard. There was a house situated 1/2 mile south of what is now the provincial park. It was while living there, I saw my first airplane. I was only 3 but remember my brother Harold running into the house in excitement over the red double wing flying machine. Grabbing and shoving me out of the house, I protested by kicking and screaming and bawling, "I don't want to see the airplane".

In the fall of 1932 we moved to NE 1/4 17-49-20-W4 where there was a small 14x16 house. It was very crowded with 7 children and 2 adults. The house still stands but is badly in need of repair. In order to make a down payment on the farm my dad got permission from Anders Olson to cut willow posts on the SW 1/4 of 21-49-20 during the winter of '32 & '33. He cut 1700 posts, sharpened and delivered them to farmers around Hay Lakes for $2.00 per 100. My mother helped support the family by knitting socks by the dozen on her "Otto" knitting machine. First she would wash, card and spin the wool. She recieved .25 cents a pair or she traded them at the Hay Lakes store for groceries.

An incident that occured in the spring of 1933, 3 year old Hampton Anderson decided to catch "the cats with long ears"(rabbits). At that time they lived on the NE 1/4 section 7-49-20. Dad was digging out a bank for a chicken coop when he thought he heard a childs cry to the south. Later, Stu Johnson arrived to say that young Hampton was lost. Dad hopped on Nellie, his old saddle horse, and rode through snow up to the horses belly. Half a mile to the south he spotted Hampton coming out of the bush. When he had set out in the morning he could walk on the crust of snow, but by noon he was breaking through. He had entered the woods where my brother Ed, now lives and gone 1/2 a mile east and 1/2 a mile north through thick bush. Quite a journey for a 3 year old. Being tired and hungry had caused him to cry, this had probably saved his life. The next day there was a raging blizzard.

When I was about 5, my eldest sister Helen, did chores for the neighbor, Holeen's, who lived across the road. To pay her, Mrs. Holeen gave helen 4 yards of Chineese red silk, Helen was very happy indeed. For safe keeping she put it above a bunk in the bedroom. With scissors in hand i climbed on the bunk, took down the red silk, unfolded it and cut an 8 inch circle. I had cut through 4 thicknesses, completley ruining it. I'll never forget the look on her face when she unfolded it and found 4 big holes.

In summer dad brushed the roadline for the municipitality, he was paid $2.00 per 1/2 mile. In later years, Harold and I piled the brush while Dad cut it down. In the latter part of the '30's and early 40's, Dad cut mine props. On weekends Harold and I skidded them out of the bush. Lofgren Bros. picked them up and hauled them to Round Hill. They exchanged them for coal.

Dad had a trp line. It started whrer the park is now, went north to the school land, east along 2nd Miquelon lake, over to Anders land, then home. Once, he couldn't go, so i went. When I got to the islands between 1rst & 2nd lakes, there were 3 skunks in the traps. They were too heavy to carry home so i had to skin them there. The skunk odor overpowered my sense of smell and when I got home that evening, I smelled as bad as the skunks.

Winter was the time to haul ice and replenish the wood supply. A huge pile of rails were hauled in and Ole helgren with his sawing outfit and saw it. The mill was hauled around on bob sleighs and powered by a Buick motor. Ice from miquelon lake was cut in huge blocks, then hauled home on sleighs. It was stored, packed with sawdust in an icewell. It usually lasted till the end of the summer, the early pioneer's refridgerator.

During the depression years we sometimes went to school with out lunch, for reasons I don't remember. However I do remember one day in May 1938, when I was 10. It snowed about 2 inches during the night, I was sure I would get the day off school/ When I saw my Mother stuffing her 2 inch overshoe heels with paper, I became suspicious. Although I persistantly protested, she insisted I wear her overshoes as I had none. When I got to where Ardis Johnson now lives, I threw the overshoes in the ditch and walked the last 1/2 mile barefoot, the traffic had melted the snow. I suppose they are still laying in that ditch.

When I was about 12 we went to the Elk's Carnival in Camrose, I won a package of wings tobacco by shooting it off the shelf with a cork gun. When we got home i hid the tobacco in the barn. A few days later, Dad and Harold were going to fix up the barn for winter. Fearing they would find it, I moved it to a tree behind the barn. It wasn't long after work started that Dad decided he needed a rail. He walked straight to the tree where I had hidden it, and chopped it down. Was I relieved when he carried the rail to the barn with out seeing the stash. By the way, I never did smoke it, it got too soggy from laying in the snow.

In 1946 the family moved to Hay Lakes district where my brother, George now lives. In 1955, I met and married Doris Holland from southern Saskatchewan. We settled on my grandfather's homestead where we still live. We have 1 daughter, Sarah who is married and lives in Sundrie, Alberta.

HOLT, Jeanette (Rosland) - Jeanette was born Oct.3, 1917 and was the 1rst Canadian in the Rosland family. She took all her schooling at Dinant and participated in all types of sports, basketball being her favorite. While doing housework in Camrose she played with the Camrose Troopers.

In 1937 she left Camrose to become a clerk at Mr. Kimmelman's General store in Bashaw. Here she met Norman Holt and they were married Sept. 11, 1938. He had trucks on road construction and they lived in various camps in Alberta. When their children became of school age they moved back to bashaw and took over the family business in frieght trucking and hardware.

They are very busy couple, as Jeanette still works in the hardware store and is very capable in motor mechanics and parts. Norman has his freight trucks and is owner of the Bashaw Funeral home.

They have 2 children. Norma married Al Wright, they have the drapery shop in Bashaw. They have 2 sons. James "Jimmie" helps his Dad with the trucking. He is married and they have 1 daughter and 3 sons.

HOLTE, John A. - by Astrid Holte - John Arnth Holte was born in Gig Harbor, Washington in 1905. In 1914 he cme with his parents (Clara &Ole Holte), 6 brothers and 2 sisters to Amisk, Alberta. The farm home was a 2 roomed house - a big change from the big house on their fruit farm in Washington. The Holte's had made the move because they felt there were better opportunities for their sons in Alberta.

Many stories were told of those 1rst years. One that i recall was of the 1918 flu epidemic. All the members of the Holte family with the exception of Mother and 5 year old Inga, were very ill. How the 2 managed to nurse them back to health was a miracle ! Shortly after, John had his 1rst attack of rheumatic fever.

In the early 20's, Ole Holte was instrumental in getting the Amisk Lutheran Church built and it was there that 6 younger children recieved their Sunday school and Confirmation instruction. They attended school at Dalen, south of Amisk.

When John was 15 he began working for farmers in the area and at Daysland - wages ranged from $35.00 - $40.00 a month. By 1926 he had saved enough money to buy a 1/4 section of land. With the use of his fathers machinery and horses, he began farming on his own. To earn extra money he also ran a brush breaking outfit during the summer and fall. His 1rst car was a Model T Ford coupe which he bought used in 1928 and he felt on top of the world. That was the 1rst car I learned to drive but I never really mastered the art of using the clutch and gearshift at the same time.

My birthplace was Dorotheasminde, Jutland, Denmark in 1907. My parents, karen & Henrick Sorenson, my 2 sisters and I immigrated to Canada in 1911. First we settled in Markerville, Alberta where Dad worked on a dairy farm. Two years later, fire completly destroyed our 2 room house and everything in it - cherished heirlooms, clothes and furniture. I remember the many kindnesses of friends and neighbors who outfitted us. One kind bachelor let us live in his house until we moved to Holden. Our next house was a small abandoned farmhouse in the Adams district where I started school. Dad worked for Mother's Uncle several miles away, so the rest of us were alone during the week. In 1913 my brother was born in that farmhouse.

By 1915 father had saved enough so that he could rent a farm and start on his own in the Poe district near Holden. A school was built there in 1916 where all 4 of us finished public school over the years.

Many were the struggles and hardships especially in winter. I remember on long cold nights Dad would sleep in his sheepskin coat so the children could have more blankets. One morning he woke to find frost on his mustache.

When my brother was 3 years old Dr. Farrel of Holden informed us that Alfred must have surgery in an Edmonton Hospital. Mother flatly refused to let him go, she feared he would never come home again. Before we left Denmark my eldest sister had died in hospital and she feared the same for Alfred. Our Dr. then made arrangements for Dr. Allen from Edmonton to preform surgery at our home - on the kitchen table. The rest of us were sent outdoors where we waited for what seemed like hours. At last it was over and we were called in . How thankful and happy we were that all was over and well. Alfred was to lie still for a few days, to encourage him to do so, Dad too had to stay in bed.

In 1921 I left home to attend highschool and worked for my room and board an Viking and later, Riley. Then off to Normal school in Calgary for a year to study for a "Teachers Certificate". 1926 had a great surplus of teachers so obtaining a school was difficult. I applied to over 30 before I was accepted by Dalen, near Amisk, Alberta. When I arrived by train at 4:00 AM, a young man was there to meet me - none other than John Holte. I was to board with John's parents and was there for 4 good years while i taught at Dalen.

A romance began between John and me and we were married Dec. 7, 1930 in Ryley Lutheran Church by Pastor Bjelde. Our 1rst home was John's farm at Amisk. Farming was not what John liked so when an offer as elevator agent with the U.G.G at Kirriemuir came up in 1932, he accepted. John ws on the hockey and baseball teams. Because of the "depression" relief in many forms was given, money, food, clothing and feed for cattle. Part of his duties included handling all this for the government. It was while there that Milo was born Dec. 7, 1932. He was happy, active and lively and made our home complete. We were transferred to Lake Demay in 1935 and lived there for 5 years. In 1936 John suffered his 3rd and severest attack of rheumatic fever which permanently damaged his heart. Bert Asp of Kingman managed the elevator during his illness. Milo started school and Sunday schoolat Pozna near Lake Demay.

In 1940 we moved to Kingman and lived in the Grain Growers house for 4 years. It was an ideal place to bring up a son entusiastic in all sports, skating, hockey, ball and gymnastics. We had a good school, active churches and wonderful people. Milo also took part in youth choir and was Luther League President in his teens.

In partnership with martina Sproule of Armena, we bought A.G. Christenson's "General Store" in 1944 and moved to the dwelling beside the store.. John continued in the elevator and i managed the store for the next 20 years. Working for us over the years were Irene(Erickson) Wiens, Mary (Johnson) Finseth, Margaret (Olsen) Congdon, Jennie Wick and Agda Asp.

Milo went to Camrose Lutheran College in 1950, after graduation in 1953 he attended Canadian Lutheran Bilble Institute for a term. Then he worked on the farms of Bill Simonson, Ovel Bjorgum and his Aunt, Mary Erickson. He later ran a brush cutting outfit for Mr. Mainland of Dodds. In 1955 he was employed by Edberg Hardware, that fall he accepted a position as equipment operator at Wrigley, N.W.T. Airport. It was lonely and isolated but he stuck it out and the following year was transferred to Grande Prairie Airport. He met Edna Mae Sorgaard before going to N.W.T. she worked in the Royal Bank in Sexsmith. They were married June 29, 1957 by Pastor Hanson at Northfield church near la Glace. Edna transferred to Grande Prarie, Shelley Roxanne was born Aug. 7, 1961 and Lynn Mae, Nov. 10, 1965.

John was losing his fight against ill health and in 1958 was forced to retire. It was then i went back to teaching in Kingman when an opening was offered to me. Agda Asp looked after the store until it was sold in 1964.

The last 8 years of John's life were spent in and out of hospital, on Aug. 4, 1964 he passed away. In spite of failing health over many years, John led an active social life in church and community. He was President of Salem congregation for several years, taught Sunday school, sang in the choir, quartets and solos. When Kingman Rural Electrification Assc. was formed in 1950 John was the 1rst secretary treasurer. The Kingman Athletic Assc was one of his big intrests and he worked hard to keep it going.

Edna, Milo and girls moved to Sherwood park in 1966 where Milo worked at Gulf Oil Refinery. They became active members of Mt. Olivet Lutheran church where both sang in the choir and Edna was faithful in L.C.W. work. Milo was a member of the Edmonton Barber Shopper's and a Sherwood Park volunteer fire fighter.

Shelley and Lynn both started school in Sherwood park and over the years have been active in skiing, ball, gymnastics, volleyball and swimming. Shelley was in her school ski team and won gold medals in competition. Lynn played, and still does, the flute in her school band.

In 1968 Joan and Bud Myers bought my house and it was then that the Mission Board of the Lutheran church asked me to consider going to Africa as a short term teacher. After months of preperation, medical tests, interviews and sale of furniture i finally left in Oct. 1969 for Garoua Boulai, Camerun, West Africa. my students were upper grades of "The American School " for children of missionary's. It was a challange and i loved the friendly African people, the missionary's and their children.My biggest problem was the constant hot weather, which tended to tire one, but my health permitted me to finish my term.

It was thrilling to come home in 1971 to my dear family and friends, and to find my "Primary Room" waiting for me. For 2 years I lived in the tiny teacherage beside the school until I retired. I moved to Camrose in 1973 where I got a beautiful apartment overlooking Mirror Lake.Substitute teaching for a few years was interesting, as was spending 7 summers as Registrar at Hastings Lake Bible Camp.Being on the conference and National Board of Evangelical Lutheran church Women for several years was a privilege and challange.

A great sorrow hit ourfamily again in 1975 when Milo became ill with A. Plastic Anemia, a rare blood disease nearly always fatal. Our Dr. diagnosed the cause was contact with some chemical at the refinery. After many weeks ofsuffering and testing he died on Sept. 4, 1975- only 42 years old, leaving his wife, daughters and Mother, heartbroken. Edna, Shelley and Lynn faced their loss bravely and caried on in Sherwood park, where they recently bought a lovely new home.

A challenging opportunity was given to me in 1976 when the ELCC Mission Board asked me to travel to India to teach the 6 children of Pastor and Mrs. Harold Engen, missionarys serving at Benagaria, Bihar, India. Our classroom was a screened in porch, part of a large palatial mud house, built in 1867, where we lived. The East Indians were gracious and friendly and fellowship with them was delightful. However it hurt me to see so much illness, poverty and deprevation in many places. I was privileged to vist Mother Teresa's "Hospital of the Dying" and her orphanage in Calcutta. Her motto was" You must be the poorest of the poor in order to help the poor." This, she lived by. I arrived back home in mar. 1977 and took over where i left off with involvements in church and community.

Looking back over the years, I have many happy memories of Kingman and it's dear people who shared my joys and deep sorrows. I am thankful for the privilege of having been part of Kingman and can go back "home" on special occasions for a visit.

HORTE, Anthon & Ingrid - Anthon and Ingrid moved from the village of Horte in Telemark, Norway to the U.S.A. in 1889. They settled on a homestead near Nilsville, Minnesota.Their family, according to their ages were, Anna (Mrs. O. Melsness), Chris, Thor, Gunhild (Mrs. H N. Ronning), Olaf, Harry, Inga (Mrs. Chester Ronning). Harry and Inga were both born at Nilsville.

In 1902 Anthon and Ingrid moved to Canada with their family. Anthon filed on a section of land at Dorenlee, Alberta for himself and his 3 oldest sons Chris, Thor and Olaf. Later Anthon and his son Thor bought the Finseth store in Bardo and also took over the postoffice there. This was a temporary step towards opening a store in Kingman, where A. Horte and Sons was formed. It was like a department store, carrying hardware, groceries, drygoods, boots and shoes as well as the International Co. farm implements. The store was a large 2 storied building building situated on the north side of main street. The building was later destroyed by fire. Upstairs were the living quarters for the Horte's. Later they moved into a building that became the Thor Horte residence with a store in the front.

In 1915 Anthon, Ingrid and daughter Inga sold the store to Thor and moved to Valhalla in the Peace River country. Here he farmed and operated a lumberyard. Anthon died at Valhalla in 1921 and Ingrid in 1928.

Anthon Horte's life was full of adventure. In Norway he owned a store and operated a flour mill. When he first arrived in the states he did carpentry and taught norwegian in College, then farmed. On coming to Canada, he farmed, operated stores, postoffices at Bardo and kingman, and a sawmill in Valhalla. Even when farming he kept a supply of staple goods at his home for neighbors to buy, saving them a 10 or 12 mile trip to town for groceries. He also brought their mail.

HORTE, Chris & Dora - Chris Horte was born Oct. 10, 1877 in Bo Telemark, Norway. In 1889 he came to Canada with his father Anthon Horte and worked on the home farm near Nilsville, Minnesota for a time. Then in 1901 he and his brother Thor went to Montana where they worked on ranches.

In 1902 he married Dora Tortscher and he and his bride joined his parents, brothers and sisters at Dorenlee where they farmed. Later he clerked in his fathers stores, first in Bardo, then Kingman.

Early in 1912, Chris, his brother in law Ole Melsness, Lars Johnson and Albin Hoflin of Kingman and George and martin hagen of Bardo were guided to the Valhalla district by Olaf Horte. After 12 days of travel they reached happy Valley and Jim Heriston's stopping place southwest of Valhalla. Chris filed on a homestead and scrip land, then returned to Kingman.

Late in Feb. 1913, a caravan of horses, oxen, cattle, cabooses and sleighs loaded with supplies and equipment was formed and left Tofield. The caravan with about 16 people travelled the Athabasca trail along rivers and lakes. The roads were so icy that the cows couldn't keep up so they were chased on foot and caught up to the rest of the group at bedtime. Valhalla was reached by Mar. 24, snow was shovelled away and wooden floors made for tents.

They farmed this land until 1946 when they moved into Valhalla Center. Chris was often called by his neighbors to treat sick animals. Dora was interested in promoting school fairs, a skilled milliner, sewed clothes for neoghbors and spoke fluently in German, English and Norwegian. Chris and Dora had no family. Chris lived at Bethany Home in Camrose for many years and passed away there in 1967. Dora predeceased him in 1952.

HORTE, Thor & Marit - Thor was the son of Anthon and Ingrid Horte. He was born in Bo Telemark, Norway in 1879. Marit was the daughter of Halvor and Gjertrude Haugen. She was born in Bardo, Norway in 1888.

Thor and marit were married in 1909 at Bardo, Alberta. Their children were Irene Hamilton of Camrose, Henry Horte (deceased 1912), Vivian Simonson of Kingman, Vernon Horte of Calgary, Ronald Horte in Bethany Nursing Home in Camrose.

Thor, Marit and baby Irene moved from Bardo to Kingman in 1911 where thor joined the company of "Anthon Horte and Sons' in the store business. When Anthon moved to Peace River, the store was sold to Thor. He operated the store for a while and then he and Hans Haugland started a livery barn business. During this time they provided transportation to outlying areas, for people who arrived in Kingman by train. These consisted of hunters, school inspectors, Insurance agents etc.

When the "Hogg and Lytle" elevator was built in kingman, Thor was the first grain buyer. The elevator was taken over by the Home Grain Co., then the Searle Grain Co. and Thor continued as buyer till 1928. Then the Thor Horte family moved to Daysland for a year.

In 1929 they moved back to Kingman and Thor became grain buyer for the Alberta wheat pool, a position he held until his death in 1939.

The Thor Horte's lived in the house which used to be the Anthon Horte's second store location, it has since burned down. The front of the house, which was the store was a creamery for a while, later a bank and then the whole house was remodeled as living quarters. A mobile teacherage now stands on this location. Marit Horte now lives in the Rose Villa Apartments in camrose and is 91 years of age.

HORTE, Vernon Lyle - I am the eldest living son of Marit and Thor Horte, (6th child), born in Kingman, July 12, 1925. I grew up in this community during the "hungry 30's". Money was scarce, but food was not. Kingman was a do it yourself community in this period and a most active and healthy place for young people to be raised in. Activities included baseball, hockey, carpetball, badminton, sports days, school Christmas concerts, Church socials and our own swimming hole, often shared with Soma's cows. The Bardo male choir with Albin Anderson leading and Mabel Simonson at the piano also flourished at this time. The ladies served coffee and lunches at every and all social functions.

Feasting and socializing took place year round, but particularly at Christmas. Lutefish, flatbro, turkey, lefse and all the trimmings were eaten in huge quantities in 6 or 7 places during the festive season, until everyone in the community had the chance to entertain and be entertained.

Centers of activity on a daily basis were Mah Him's store and restaurant with Charlie, Jim and Bingo as proprietors. Problems of the world were solved and resolved by the men as they gathered around the potbellied stove and particularly at election time.

I left Kingman at 17, working in the shipyards in Vancouver and joining the R.C.A.F. where I spent nearly 2 years. After the service I attended the University of Alberta graduating as a Chemical Engineer in 1949. I married Thelma Boness, daughter of Olaf and marie Boness in 1950. Olaf Boness was a pioneer of the Kingman Bardo district, starting as a homesteader. He later became a practicing lawyer in Edmonton. Since our marriage, Thelma and I have lived in Calgary, Dallas Texas, back to Calgary and then Toronto. In Jan. 1980 after 14 years in Toronto we are once again in Calgary. Thriyghout this period I have been engaged in various capacities in the oil and gas industry, most recently as a Consultant.

Thelma and I have 3 children, Joan, Bob and Doug. Joan is completing her last year in Law at the University of ottawa and Bob is completing his 2nd year of Law, also at Ottawa. Doug, our youngest son started farming at Kingman in 1979, after graduating from Olds Agricultural College. So the circle is complete with Doug back to the land and the place of his roots.

HOSTETLER, Amos - Amos G. and Lena M. Wideman Hostetler moved from Sheridan, Oregon to Alberta, June of 1930. We moved to the Joe Schrock place across the road north of Farmington school in 1933. We lived and farmed there and raised pigs until 1943. In mar. we had a sale and moved back to Sheridan, Oregon. One reason we moved to Alberta was Lena has a host of relatives living there and Amos wanted to try farming in the north country. Lena was born in the Calgary area and Amos was born in North Dakota. We have 3 children, 2 of them born near Kingman.

Arnold Dale was born in our home Oct. 1934 and attended Farmington school from 1940 to the spring of 1943. His teachers were Mr. Olson, Miss Sorenson and Margaret (Glasener) Wideman. His occupation at present is carpentry and he resides in Sheridan, Oregon. He is married and has 3 children.

Virginia Anne (Hostetler) Buck was born July 1938 in the Lee Roth residence. She is a homemaker and her husband Robert is a ceramic tile setter. They have 3 children and live near Albany, Oregon.

Joanne Mavis (Hostetler) Martin was born in May, 1945 in McMinnville, Oregon. She is a homemaker and her husband Leroy is a sawmill laborer. They have 3 children and live near McMinnville.

Mr. and Mrs. Amos Hostetler are partially retired and live near Albany, Oregon.

HOUGAN, John & Inger (Simonson) - Inger Margaret was born on the homestead toSimon and Lena Simonson. When she reached school age she attended the Willow Flats School. She was still a young girl when they moved to Edmonton.

In 1916 she married John Hougan. John has been a well known skier, and has taken part in many competitions in Western Canada. He is entered in the "Sports World Hail of Fame."

They have three sons, Arnold Simon of Lethbridge. Norman John of Fahsis, British Columbia and Dennis of Red Deer. Arnold and Norman are both teachers, Dennis is a civil engineer. they are all married.

John and Inger are now retired. They have spent all their married life in Edmonton.

HOVELSON History - Halvor and Ingebor Hovelson came to Canada from Minnesota in 1905 with four children: Hugo, six years old, Clara, five years old, Melvin two years old, and Ruth, six weeks old. They settled on a homestead, Section 34 48 20 4, four and one half miles southwest of Kingman. Ida Malester was born in 1909 and Hazel in 1912. Their post office at that time was Pretty Hill, at the Olaus Olson home, then Dinant and later Kingman.

The children took their schooling at Pretty Hill, three and one half miles across country, usually by foot or horseback. The highlights in those days were school picnics, Bethlehem Ladies' Aid picnics and sales, and school and church Christmas concerts.

Some mixed farming was done, but the main living was done by cutting (props) mining timber, and hauling them to the Spicer Coal Mine at Dinant. The main sources of food those days were rabbit, partridge, and other game plus Mother always had a good garden.

In the late '20's, Hugo and Melvin bought a quarter section of land NE of See 3 49 20 W4, one mile north of the homestead which bordered on first Miquelon Lake. Later, the rest of the family moved there. There were summer cottages east of the farm (about 10 cottages owned by Francoeurs, G. P. Smith, Duncan Sampson, Hiram Burgar, Douglas, Youngs, McKays, and Burgess, all of Camrose, and Pikes of Edmonton). We sold milk, .10 a quart, and cream, .20 a pint, to them.

The lake was a very popular resort at that time. People came quite a distance especially on Sundays, for picnic dinners and swimming.

Our mother often walked to Kingman, a distance of four and one half miles, to get the mail and groceries, or drove in with horse and buggy if there was a horse available, or one of us girls would ride horseback. Usually, if more people were going in, we went in the old lumber wagon or in the winter we used the bob sled.

Hugo worked on the section in Kingman for many years and also worked in a sawmill in Loos, British Columbia, for a while, He was an ardent big game hunter and seldom came home without a moose, deer, or elk, which helped out with the meat situation. Melvin was the farmer of the family and of course that was done with horses. There were four to six horses to harness and hook up in the morning.

Melvin married Ingrid Johnson in 1930 (Story elsewhere).

Ruth married Trygve Sware of Hay Lakes in 1937. They had one daughter, Faith, who married Serge Pleau. They have two children, Francine and Michael, and live at Riviere Que Barre. Ruth passed away in 1966 and Trygve in 1973.

Malester married Thor Johnson and they are now living in Vernon, British Columbia. (Story elsewhere).

Clara passed away In 1919 at the age of 19, from the flu. She was working in Camrose for the McKays at the time of her passing. Halvor passed away in 1936 and Ingebor in 1938.

After the passing of their parents Hugo and Hazel moved to Kingman in April, 1938, and bought the cafe owned by Mah Him and Mah Dong, which was then run by Bingo. They also took in boarders (school children) who had too far to go to school. They were Russell Hanson, Viola Lindberg, Irvin Fuglem, Steve Wenger, and Louis Sereda. At that time, there were dances every week at the Hall and it wasn't unusual to bake 30 pies that day. Pies were sold for .10 a slice, coffee .5, sandwiches .15, meals were .35 and up.

After Hazel was marfied to Albin Anderson in 1945, Hugo rented out the cafe to Ray Ovelson for a while and also to Marge (Brewer) Dalby.

Hugo stayed there until he took sick and spent the last of his days in the hospital, where he passed away September 29, 1977.

HOVELSON Melvin and Ingrid - Melvin and Ingrid Melvin Hovelson and Ingrid Johnson were married in 1930 and lived on NW 3-49-20 for eight years.They had two boys, Norman born in 1930 and Harvey in 1935. In 1938 they moved to NE-3-49-20-W4.

When Harvey started school his mother said she had to fill a gallon syrup pall of lunch for him and his brother. Norman had to carry it for him. Harvey would walk a few steps and Norman would have to give him a push to get him started again. Oscar Erga can vouch for this as he watched them as they went past his place.

Ingrid recalls when she and her sister-in-law, Hazel Anderson, went berry picking deep in the bush one Sunday. When they had their buckets almost full of raspberries they heard a noise in the bush that sounded like some huge animal coming. Well, they took off in the other direction, through fences and bush. By the time they got back to the road, their stockings were in shreds and they had no berries left in their buckets. They discovered it was Norman Hovelson and nephew, Arlo Johnson, that had decided to give them a scare.

Melvin passed away in 1955 and Ingrid remained on the farm until 1967, when she moved to Camrose and worked at Rosehaven for 13 years. She retired in November of 1979.

Norman worked for Albin Anderson hauling gas for a time. He also worked on the maintainer and later worked on the pipeline. In 1955 he married Marjorie Johnson and they lived on NW 3-49-20-W4 for awhile and later in Kingman until they purchased SW 2-49-20-W4 from Brith Johnson in 1965. Norman presently works with N.A.D.P. in Camrose where he started in 1969. They have three children, Barry born in 1955, Myrna in 1956 and Melvin in 1959. Barry married Lynette Welda in 1976 and is presently employed by Shamrock Drilling and living in Camrose. Myrna is at A.G.T. in Vegreville and Melvin is employed at Stelco in Camrose.

Harvey married Barbara Sware in 1960 and they live on the home place. Harvey worked on the construction of Stelco in Camrose before they were married and in 1960 started as an employee and is presently employed there, They have three children, Wendy, born in 1961, Cindy in 1962, and Terrence in 1968. Wendy is now employed at A.G.T. in Vegreville, Cindy is finishing her grade twelve including a hairdressing course in Camrose. Terry is attending school in Kingman.

HOVLAND Helen - I was born June 26. 1930 at my grandparents" Jonas and Sigrid Helgren, home in the Kingman district. They raised and cared for me along with my mother Martha, and uncles Emil, Ole, and Harold. I attended school at Brandland until April 1944 when all the family moved to Camrose.

On September 17, 1951 1 married Glen, the youngest son of the late Chris and Gunda Hovland of the Holden district. Glen was born at Altee, Alberta, near Medicine Hat, and later moved to Holden. Since August 1974, we have been living at Delburne, Alberta where we purchased a quarter section of land and built a new home. Glen is self-employed as a gas plant and oil well operator. Our eldest son Rodney works with him.

We have a family of three sons and one daughter. Rodney was born at Three Hills, December 4, 1952. He married Wendy Hogan of Red Deer on July 27, 1974, and they live in a mobile home in our yard at Delburne. Roger, born June 9, 1955 at Camrose, is living in Red Deer and employed by a Real Estate firm. Dean, born March 12, 1959 at Camrose, is living at home in Delburne, where he owns and operates R and D Trucking business in partnership with his brother Rodney. Glenice was born September 17, 1960 at Red Deer and is in her first year Nurses' Training at the Foot Hills Hospital, Calgary.

Glen and I celebrated our 25th Wedding Anniversary on September 17, 1976 at Red Deer.

HOULT, Don and Evelyn by Ev McMullen - Don and I arrived in Kingman from Viewpoint, Alberta on May 22, 1962 to take over the Searle Grain Elevator. We lived in the Searle Company house across the street from Hazel Anderson. I operated a small beauty shop in my home.

My parents were Frank and Emily Fontaine of Wetaskiwin. Don's parents were Art and Oma Huolt of New Norway.

Our son, Gordon and family, are living on an acreage at Sherwood Park. They have three children. Gordon is working for the New Homes Certification Program of Alberta.

Janet, our daughter, is Mrs. Eric Paulsen of Fort St. John. She and her husband have four children. Eric works for a construction company. Don and Evelyn Huolt, son Gordon and daughter Janet.

Don Huolt passed away on March 4, 1963. 1 moved to Camrose and am at present in my own Beauty Shop.

HUTCHINSON, Roy - Roy Hutchinson and Violet Grier were both born and raised at Ryley, Alberta. We got married in 1940 and had three children: John, Roy Jr. and Joan. We moved to Easyford, Alberta and lived there for six years, then Roy got work in Camrose so we moved there for one year then in 1949 we moved to Kingman. The children all took their schooling in Kingman, Round Hill, and Camrose. The boys all played hockey and baseball around there. Nell was born in 1955 and he played most of his hockey and baseball in Camrose. and also played with the Camrose Cubs.

John lives in Drayton Valley. He married Angela McDonald from Tomahawk and they have three children, Den, Lara and John Jr. Roy Jr. lives in Drayton Valley. He married Donna Mastre from Drayton and they have three children, Kevin, Kelly and Ken. Joan married Arnold Rook from Edmonton and they have three children, James, Dale and Tammy. They live at Ponoka, Alberta. Neil is working in the oil fields.

We left Kingman in 1973 and moved back to Drayton Valley. Roy is retired. In the winter we live in an apartment and in summer we travel.

HVIDDING Julia - In the spring of 1912 our family moved from our homestead 16 miles south of Sedgewick, Alberta to the Bardo community.

We rented the Brocke place for one year, then my father bought 160 acres of land from John Anderson. This place adjoined the Brocke place.

My brother Berge and I started school at Farmington. That first year we had a teacher from England. I can still remember her decided British accent. Miss Clark, Miss Sherlock, and Miss Hendrickson were also our teachers. Miss Dunphy from Prince Edward Island was an outstanding teacher. Miss Wright was our last teacher before we left in 1919, to make our home in Canby, Oregon.

We also attended some vacation Bible School at Bardo. Our first teacher there was Mr. Watland, and later, Miss Anne Hendrickson.

Our cousin, John Johnson came from Minnesota the first year we lived in Bardo. He was a carpenter who helped build our house on the newly acquired land.

The Kozack, Burkholder, Henry Sutton and Joe Sutton children attended school at Farmington, also the Hoflin, Willie Simonson, Henry Simonson, Ovelson, Feroe, Skogness and Olaf Berg children, Grace Campbell, and the three Gee daughters. The Mennonite pastor's son and daughter were also pupils at that time.

INGRAM, Wes and Theresa - by Theresa Ingram- Wes Ingram was born in Ingersoll, Ontario and early in his life moved to Iowa. Here his father died leaving his mother with six sons and three daughters. Mrs. Ingram decided to come to Canada to the Bardo area. They travelled to Edmonton in one of the first trains to run over the newly laid tracks. The trip to Bardo was made in horse-drawn buggies and wagons.

Wesley Ingram Jr. settled on a farm three miles south of Tofield and married his neighbour's daughter Theresa Nordhus. They lived in Tofield a number of years where Wes had a livery barn. This business involved renting out buggies, sleighs and horses for people to use to take them to other destinations. Horses were also stabled there while people did their business in town. When cars became plentiful livery stables were not necessary so business declined.

In 1917 they moved to the Hans Bredeson farm one mile north of the Farmington school. It is now owned by Bill Ingram and his son Wesley. A small house bought in Tofield was moved out during the winter. Land had to be broken, fences built, log stables and granaries made, and a well dug. They farmed for eleven years, raising hogs, milking cows, and keeping chickens. In October 1928 they had a farm sale and moved to Victoria, British Columbia. Wes died on December 24 1969 at the age of 93. Theresa is 91 and still lives in Victoria.

Theresa Ingram tells of the difficulty in getting an education. She was past seven when she started school because she had to wait for her younger brother Raymond Nordhus. They lived less than a mile from school but her parents were afraid to let her walk alone because there might be bears or wolves along the way, In the United States she was in grade five but at Bardo she was put back two grades because of the absence of English history. She had only two years of school in Alberta and was kept out often to help on the farm when she should have been in school.

Wes Ingram often recalled his first July I celebration 1901 or 1902 held at the Hans Anderson farm where there was a store. This is the farm formerly owned by Percy Sutton, now owned by David Simonson. Events included ball games, pony races, a wheelbarrow contest, and step dancing. Mr. Kingsbury volunteered to be blindfolded and push a wheelbarrow to a stake but he ended up against a barn some distance away. Then there was step dancing in which Mr. Kingsbury wanted to take part but his boots were too heavy. Mr. Anderson told him to go wash his feet in the creek and he would lend him light boots from the store. However, he danced with his big boots and was outdone by Sam Nomeland who was well-known for step dancing and jigging. Sam won first prize which was .35, Second prize was .15 and third .50. Everyone enjoyed a barrel of free lemonade. Wes had a nickel to spend and his brother Jim had a dime. Wes said this was the best first of July he had spent in his life.

Theresa helped cook for threshers and for some of the bachelors in the district. Neighbors tell of her going to the Charlie Nashman residence when he was about to come home with his bride from Lebanon.She had the house clean, a tablecloth on the table, and new dish towels ready. She was always ready to help everyone.

The information in this story came from a letter Theresa had written on December 6, 1979. She passed away February 8th, 1980 and was buried in the Tofield cemetery.

INGRAM, William (Bill) Family - Following a quiet wedding ceremony in Edmonton on June 8, 1935, Ester Edna Mae Wiley, daughter of Chester and Ester Wiley, recent arrivals to the Tofield community, and William (Bill) Henry Ingram, son of James and Kate Ingram of Tofield. took up residence in their little log cabin on a quarter of land (section 6) on the periphery of the Kingman community.

Farming operations with a team of horses and the breaking of land were characteristic of the events of the time.

In the summer of 1940, an adopted son. Wesley, was brought into the family. He would work alongside of his father in the years to come. To complete the family circle, a daughter, Donna, was adopted in the late fall of 1941. The winters in the little log house proved to be rather cold and in view of the educational needs of the growing children, a farm one mile north of Farmington school was purchased from Bill Ingram's uncle Wesley Ingram. At the age of two years, Donna remembers the move by a team of horses and a wagon. In the fall of 1947, Donna and Wesley began school in the one-roomed school of Farmington. The teacher, Mrs. Donalda Schmidt, was not only responsible for teaching eight grades in the classroom, but also had to keep the school warm in the winter by lighting the furnace each morning. The one mile journey to and from school was made each day on foot along with the neighboring Nashman children, Eileen, Mamie, Siene, and Alec. At Christmas. 1947, the doors of Farmington school were closed forever in favor of centralization. With reluctance the children were to be taken to the Kingman school. At first there was no bus available, so each day the children were picked up and packed into a car driven by Elmer Schmidt. One cold winter blizzard the children were stranded in Kingman at the Schmidt house until the snow plow came through to clear the way.

There was a great warm community spirit in the district which was never more evident than in the spring of '53, when Bill was sick in the hospital with pneumonia during planting season. A delegation of neighbors organized by neighbor Willim Nashman arrived in a spectacular parade of tractors one sunny morning to complete the entire seeding operation in one day.

Wesley chose to leave his formal education at grade 9. in order to take up farming on a full-time basis with his father. Donna continued attending Kingman school through grade 11. With grade 12 not offered in Kingman, Donna, along with many of her lifelong classroom associates completed their high school at Camrose Lutheran College.

In order to fulfill a life-long dream, Donna entered the Royal Alexandra Hospital School of Nursing, graduating in 1962. Following several years of travelling, Donna married Lester Prokopczak of Fort Saskatchewan, and settled to live in Edmonton. Continuing with her education, Donna received a B.Sc. Nursing Degree from the University of Alberta in 1975. At present, Donna is a Unit Supervisor in the operating room of the University Hospital. Les and Donna have two sons. Todd born in November, 1969, and Jeffrey born on Mother's Day, 1979 in the International Year of the Child.

Besides an interest in farming, Wesley has been employed by Stelco Steel in Camrose. and also worked as a school bus driver. In 1972, Wesley met Doreen Forster of Killam. Following a brief courtship. they were married in July of 1972, and settled in Kingman. Their first home was previously the well-known Holte General Store. Later, they bought the house next door from Pearl Thompson, where they still live today. Wes and Doreen have two daughters, Coralee born in June of 1974, and Crystal born in October of 1977. Coralee has begun a second generation of education at the Kingman school, by attending Kindergarten in the fall of 1979.

Bill and Mae Ingram remained on the family farm until 1973, when they moved to the old Pool Elevator residence across from the community hall in Kingman. Mae was only able to enjoy a few short months sitting in the cozy sun-porch of their Kingman home between periods of hospitalization. In September, 1975, at the age of 63, Mae passed away, following life-long suffering from severe arthritis.

Bill Ingram continues to live in the same house remaining active in the community. Although retired from farming, he still offers support and assistance to Wes. He is currently President of the Kingman Silver Club. His days are highlighted by visits from his grandchildren.

JACKSON, Miss Caroline - submitted by Martin Peterson - I worked for Miss Jackson from the fall of 1936 to the spring of 1937. I started working in the fall stooking and threshing at Abe Wideman's and Miss Jackson's, and then continued to work for her the rest of the winter.

In those days, during the depression, I was paid one dollar a day for harvest, and seven dollars a month for the rest of the winter. I had to feed and water eighty head of cattle and nine horses. I was seventeen years old at the time. She didn't sell any cattle until the war years since the price was so low. Miss Jackson told me some of her long horned steers were thirteen years old. I have been told that Tom Gibson and his son Clifford hauled her cattle out during the war years when prices were better.

Miss Jackson was a very religious lady in her own way, as she would talk about going to heaven. She also believed there were witches. trolls, and such things all around-us, and would spread ashes around the yard to keep them away. She said she saw them and talked to them. although I did not see any while I worked there.

In the fall I butchered a thousand pound steer: and she sent away and got a big sack full of fish. She always cooked enough to feed four people and expected me to eat It all.

She told me things about her life. Her father had homesteaded where she lived (SW 1/4-23-49-19) and had later bought more land so she owned three quarters of land. As a young woman she went to the United States and worked as a nurse. Later when her father became ill she moved back to Alberta and looked after him until he passed away, then stayed on to farm the land. She told me she had a sister in Sweden but otherwise was pretty much alone.

I remember the winter I worked for her was very cold with lots of snow. I had to haul two and three loads of straw with the horses and sleigh every day including Christmas day.

One afternoon when I came home from Round Hill with the team and sleigh and two tons of coal it was 55 below zero. On the way home I picked up two little girls who were on their way home from school. They were so cold they were unable to walk so I took them home. I learned later that they were the Matson twins in their first year of school.

Miss Jackson liked to bake and made apple pie that I I liked very much. She baked a cake every week, but neither she nor I ate cake, so it always stayed on the table until it dried up. Then it was fed to the dogs and she would bake another one,

She always wore long wool skirts and a long coat, with a piece of rope for a belt.

The year I worked for her she hired Tom Gibson to truck her wheat to the elevator in Kingman and stored it there until I spring. Then she hired him to haul it home again as she thought the price was too low to sell. During her last few years Miss Jackson rented out her land. She remained on the farm until she passed away in Tofield Hospital in 1952. She is buried in Kingman cemetery.

JAREMCHUK, Lein - Lein Jaremchuk was born in the village of Leshniw, Ukraine, in 1889. At the age of 18 he immigrated to the United States, and settled in North Dakota. He moved to Alberta around 1910, and worked in the Holden area.

Anna Jaremchuk, nee Laskosky, was born in the Ukraine in 1895. She came to Canada with her parents and three sisters in 1903. They settled near Holden.

Lein and Anna were united in marriage in 1914 and first lived near Kinsella. Here Katherine "Jerry", Victoria, Vera, and Joseph were born. In the spring of 1928, the family moved six miles north of Camrose, buying the north half of Sec. 36-47-20-4.

Anna passed away December 7, 1952 at the age of 57 years. Lein passed away on his birthday, February 28, 1958, at the age of 69 years.

In 1940, "Jerry" moved to Vancouver where she still resides. Victoria graduated from Alberta College in 1935. She married John Yaremko in 1940. They live in Edmonton and have two children Eugene and Sylvia. Vera married John Call (see Calls). Joseph was married in 1977 and they are presently operating the Jaremchuk farm.

JOHANSON, Carl Henning (known to everyone as Henning) - Henning Johanson came from Sweden in 1927 when he was nineteen years old. He came with Sven Linder who was six years older and was a neighbor of his in Sweden. They came to the Ponoka area to work on farms there and during the winter they worked in lumber camps at Winfield, Alberta. There were long hours of work and poor wages in those years. In the evenings they played violins and guitars and cards to pass the time They had wood heaters to heat the bunkhouses and it could get very cold if nobody woke up to fill the stove with wood.

They came to the Kingman district in 1929 and bought land here. Henning bought the northeast quarter of section 26 and Sven bought the northwest quarter of section 25. There was a little two room log shack on Henning's quarter, so Sven lived with him there until he built a small log house on his land. On March 30, 1937 Henning married Gladys Gee who was born just one mile east on N.W. 30-49-19 and lived in the Kingman district all her life.

The years in the thirties were very hard. Neighbor, Robert Cuthbert said one day when he got his cream cheque, "We are darned lucky to get our cans back," as there was so little for a can of cream.

In those first years the plowing was done with horses and a walking plow. In the fall Henning would go out threshing and Gladys would milk the cows, feed the calves and pigs, and do all the other chores to be done around the home. The men worked long hours trying to get the grain in the granaries before winter and the women worked long hours too, making meals and taking lunches out to the field so the men could keep on working.

Of course there were good times too. There were ladies' aid and missionary meetings and picnics in the summer and house parties in the winter. When we went anywhere it was in a wagon in summer and a sleigh in winter. The neighbors visited each other a great deal in those days. There were whist drives, house parties and also books to read to pass the time in the evenings. Friends' birthdays were celebrated with house parties and neighbors and relatives visiting.

The house and barn on the farm were built mostly from lumber sawed from logs cut on the farm and hauled into piles and the logs were made into lumber by a small private sawmill. It didn't cost much to build a house and barn in those days as the neighbors all helped each other and the lumber came mostly from the farm itself.

Henning and Gladvs have three children Edward, June, and Sharon. Edward married Gertrude Schatzlien of Round Hill. June married Bob Kerr of Edberg and Sharon married Steve Krezanoski of Round Hill.

Henning passed away on July 10, 1979 in the Tofield Hospital just three weeks after Sven Linder passed away in Summerland, British Columbia. Henning is buried in the Kingman cemetery.

JOHANSON, Ed - Edward Johanson met Gertrude Schatzlein in Kingman. Gertrude was working for Henry Gunderson and his crippled wife Helen in Kingman. They met on a blind date and went together till they got married on September 22, 1956 in the Camrose United Church. They then came back to Round Hill where the reception was held in the Round Hill Cafe and pool hall, that was owned by Gertrude's parents. They lived in Edmonton until 1962 when they moved to Sherwood Park. They have three children. Their son Wayne was born on July 22, 1957, their eldest daughter Wanda, the second child, was born on July 21, 1958, and their third child and youngest daughter, Sherry was born on August 29, 1963.

Edward worked at the Steel Co. of Canada Mill in Edmonton from 1957 to 1976. He then worked at Atco Structures from 1976 to 1979 and is currently working as a project Superintendent for Territorial Leasing Ltd. of Edmonton. Their son Wayne was married to Sherry Cormack on June 17, 1976 and they live in Edmonton. Their daughter Wanda was just recently married to Bob Landry on February 16, 1980 and they live in Edmonton. Their youngest daughter Sherry now 16 years old is attending school and is in grade 11 and doing very well.

JOHNS, Clarence - by Mrs. Clarence Johns - In the fall of 1948, Clarence and Nellie Johns brought six and seven eighths acres of land from Mr. and Mrs. Fred Harris and son, and moved into the hamlet of Dinant with their seven year old son, Charles. During the summer of 1949, Clarence worked on the C.N.R. section for road-master Mr. Walter Hillman. Clarence then worked for the Massey Harris Company in Camrose for four years. He was then hired as a bus driver and caretaker for the Dinant school, a position he held for six years. He also served as secretary- treasurer for the Dinant Kingman Mutual Telephone company during this time.

I was the Dinant Postmistress for seven and a half years when a portion of our home was used as post office.

In the fall of 1959, we moved to Camrose. where Clarence worked for the City until his retirement. I worked for Bethany Hospital for 10 & 1/2 years and then retired.

Charles finished his grade 12 in Camrose. Then he worked as an agent for the Alberta Wheat Pool for ten years. He is now at Swan Hills, where he is affiliated with a construction company. He is married and has three children.

JOHNSON, Adelsten "Alex" - by Mrs. Alex Johnson- My husband was mining, coal at the Spicer mine during the winters of 1922 and 1923.

My brother Thorval Kjorlien staved with us a while one winter. He worked above ground. Alex's brother John. also worked as a miner. Both have since passed away. John was married to a McWhirter girl from Lake Demay.

We bought our house from Mr. Saddler, a miner who returned to the States.

In winter, 1924, Alex worked for the Canadian Dinant Coal.

We were originally from Wetaskiwin, and in 1924, we moved to the farm we had just bought near Wetaskiwin. Seven years ago we moved into Wetaskiwin. Alex passed away in 1978. My family of two daughters, both married live here. one teaches school at Gwynne, and the other farms at Bittern Lake.

JOHNSON, Alhard - Bernese Berg and Alhard Johnson were married April 29, 1951 and lived and farmed his parents' Hansel and Clara Johnson home place: NE 6-49-20-W4. They have a family of two girls and one son.

Inet married Richard Knull and they have two boys, Roger and Lloyd. They live and farm the old home place of Mannie Johnson: NW 24-49-21-W4.

Florence married Francis Gartner and they live in Bawlf. Their familv of three girls are: Noreen, Shereen and Colleen. Arnold lives in Camrose with his mother.

JOHNSON, Amandus and Anna - Thor Johnson born in Wilhelmina, Sweden, April, 1904, came to Canada with his parents, Amandus and Anna Johnson in 1905. They settled on a homestead in the Miquelon Lake area. The rest of the family were born here: one brother, Sture , and sisters Annie, Lillie, Thora, Myrtle, Alma, and Agnes. The oldest children attended Brandland School, later changed to Suletjelma School.

Sture, Thora, and Alma have passed away. Their mother passed away in 1921 and their dad in 1966, at the age of 90 years.

JOHNSON, Andrew - by Harold Johnson - My parents, Andrew and Ingeborg Johnson. my sister Astrid, and I came from Bardu, Norway in 1901. We settled on a farm in the Bardo district and lived there until 1911. At that time my father sold his farm and bought the lumberyard in Kingman from Evenson and Dale. We lived in the house where Mabel Simonson now resides. While living in Kingman my sister Astrid was married to Thor Thorson.

In 1915, I went to the Peace River country and settled in the La Glace area where I took a homestead.

In 1916, my parents sold their Kingman property and moved to La Glace, Alberta. They stayed there for two years, then returned to Kingman. My parents moved to Vancouver in the early 1940's to live with my youngest sister, Inga, and her husband, Gordon Vague. Inga and Gordon are now retired. They have two married daughters, Sandra and Irene.

Father passed away in Vancouver in 1946 and Mother in 1955. I farmed until 1962 when I retired. My wife (nee Marjorie Dimsdale) and I live in Kelowna, British Columbia.

JOHNSON, Carl H. (Charlie) - Charlie Johnson was born in Rumsele, Sweden on January 15, 1876. He came to Canada as a young man in 1906 and settled in this district where he farmed three miles south of Kingman. He worked for many years clearing land and was very adept with his broadaxe. All of his buildings including the house were built from hewn logs.

He married Hila Berge from Jackson, Minnesota, U S.A. She was born in Jackson in 1892 and moved to Canada with her father Mr. Ole Berge, two brothers and three sisters in the year 1907. Three children were born to Charlie and Hilda; Alma, John and Bernard. All attended the Pretty Hill School.

Mr. Johnson and his wife were a quiet and friendly couple, Charlie always willing to lend a helping hand to his neighbors. In the early thirties Charlie bought a 1/4 section from Charlie Sizer. Alma, (the daughter) and her husband farmed this land in 1933 and 1934.

Charlie farmed until his retirement in 1943. He then moved to Camrose where he lived until his passing in February 1966, at the age of 90 years. Hilda his wife pre-deceased him in 1942. Alma married Peter Feragen now deceased. She resides at Lake Cowichan, British Columbia. She has two daughters, Laverne and Lois.

John married Ingrid Winquist and they have two sons, Garry and Ken. John purchased the home place and farmed it for many years until moving to Camrose in 1973. Garry Marvin married Kathryn Jane These on June 14, 1968. They have one daughter Nadine. He is employed with the Neilson's Oilfield Services as a Battery Operator at Zama Lake, northern Alberta. They reside at New Norway. Ken Wayne married Jeanette Caouette. They have two sons Ryan and Darin. They reside at Sherwood Park and Ken is an Instrumentation Technician.

Bernard married Mary Selin and have one daughter, Marilyn Le Blanc. In 1943 Bernard and his wife moved to the Sizer place and farmed it for several years. They moved to Camrose in 1956. Bernard passed away in 1976. Marilyn married Mike LeBlanc and they have one son Kelly. They reside in Camrose where Marilyn, until recently, worked for Safeway and her husband, Mike, works as a driller in the oilfields.

JOHNSON, Elfert - Elfert Davidus Johnson was born on June 25, 1911 at Lundemo, Alberta. His parents were Hans and Klara (Anderson) Johnson who immigrated to this district in the earIy 1900's from northern Sweden. Elfert took all his schooling at Brandland school. At various times he was janitor of the school and also hauled wood and coal there.

In 1940 Elfert purchased SE 7-49-20-W4 from his parents. During the late 1940's he purchased NE 7-49-20-W4 from Mr. and Mrs. Elias Anderson. In 1977 he purchased SW 7-49-20-W4 from the Lund Estate.

On November 24. 1940 he was married to Anita Marjorie Pearson who was born and raised in Calgary. Alberta. After the wedding they resided on the groom's farm. There were born to this union four daughters and one son.

Eileen and her husband Paul Ortlieb live in Leduc, Alberta and have two sons and one daughter. Paul works for Leduc Construction Co. and also has a farm at New Sarepta.

Verna and her husband Sine Awid live in Edmonton, Alberta and have two daughters and one son. Mr. Awid teaches in Edmonton.

Ferne and her husband Keith Moren live in Camrose, Alberta and have two sons and one daughter. Keith works for Calgary Power Company.

Lynn and her husband Larry Flemming live in Sedgewick, Alberta and have one son. Larry works for Ace Construction Company.

Daniel has taken over the farm. Anita continues to reside on the farm with her son Dan. Elfert took an active part in the community and church affairs. He passed away peacefully at home on July 29. 1979. and was laid to rest in the Wilhelmina Lutheran Church cemetery.

JOHNSON, Frank - by Arlet Reed - Frank Johnson was born in Fredricka. Sweden, May 18, 1876. the fifth of nine children. He came to Canada in 1905 to the Lundemo district. For a few years he worked in the Cranbrook and Fort Steele. British Columbia area cutting railroad ties and lumber.

In 1911 Frank Johnson married Julia Waldum of Lunderno. Land was purchased beside Third Miquelon Lake and three of their children were born there Mildred, John and Ingrid. In 1915 they moved to S.E. 9-49-20. Four more children were born here, Carl, Raymond, Norman. and Harlan. The lake proved to be very handy for watering cattle and in winter it became a daily chore chopping holes in the ice for water.

The winters when the lake froze smooth many skating parties were held. The young people could skate for miles among the islands. At that time all three Miquelon Lakes were one big lake. One of my earliest memories on the ice on Miquelon Lake was being pushed on Hugo Hovelsons' "Spark Stott". (a chair with very long sleigh runners under it) and not daring to stop because the ice was going up and down.

At one time a number of cottages were built around Miquelon Lake and then a summer job was delivering milk. butter, and eggs to the summer residents. In 1930 a ditch was dug from Miquelon Lake to Camrose to supply Camrose with water. That ditch and the dry years of the thirties was a severe blow to the lake. To this day the lake has never recovered and now only three small lakes are left.

Frank Johnson passed away in 1947, and his wife, Julia, passed away in 1968. Mildred Johnson had two children, Gordon and Arlet. Gordon Johnson married Doris Swaren of Camrose and they had four children Brian, Linda, Wayne, and Nancy. Gordon Johnson passed away in 1961. Brian Johnson married Colleen Duggan of Camrose and they are presently living in Wembley, Alberta where Brian is a teacher. Brian and Colleen have three children: Heather, Jeff and Neil. Linda Johnson married Mark Lajunesse. They reside in Edmonton. Wayne Johnson at the present time is living in Fort McMurray and is employed by the Forestry Department. Nancy Johnson married Brian Beesley of Manitoba. They live in Bruderheim, Alberta. Brian and Nancy have two children, Charity and Scott.

Mildred worked for many years in Rosehaven in Camrose and now resides with her daughter and sonin-law west of Camrose. Arlet Johnson married Lloyd Reed of Camrose. They have four children, Arlie, Dawn. Robert. and Darcy. Arlie married Steve Cunningham of Belfast, Ireland. They have one child, Andrew, and live in Sherwood Park. Dawn married Ron Lyons of Edmonton and they live at Cardiff, Alberta. Robert married Helen Thompson of New Castle. England and they are living in Camrose. Darcy is living and working in Edmonton. Lloyd and Arlet operate Reed's Country Gardens west of Camrose.

John Johnson married Judy McClean of Edmonton and they are residing in Camrose. John has been employed for many years as a technician with the Federal Government Animal Health Department.

Ingrid Johnson married Melvin Hovelson of Kingman and they have two sons Norman and Harvey. Ingrid Hovelson story will be found under the Hovelson write up.

Carl Johnson married Brith Johnson. They farmed on the land where Norman Hovelson now lives. Carl Johnson served overseas with the South Alberta Regiment. Carl and Brith had two children, Carl and Gail. Carl lives in Calgary with his wife. the former Elizabeth Jakober of Picture Butte. They have three children. Ryan. Cameron, and Lana. Carl has a degree in Engineering and is employed by Kaiser 0il. Gail Johnson lives in Camrose and is employed at Rosehaven. Carl Johnson Sr. passed away in 1951 and his wife, Brith, passed away in 1973.

Raymond and Edith Johnson, the former Edith Sickstom of Hay Lakes, live on the home farm. Their six children are Marjorie, Lorraine, Fern, Murray, Susan, and Randy. Marjorie married Norman Hovelson. They have three children. The story of Marjorie Hovelson will be found under the Hovelson family. Lorraine married Al Green. They make their home in Vancouver, and have two children, Douglas and Wanda. Fern and her husband, Jim Russel, live in Edmonton where Fern is presently working towards a degree in Library Science. Murray and wife Debbie, the former Debbie Olson of Vauxhall, and son Dobbie, live and farm near first Miquelon Lake. Susan and husband Miles Oleson live in Camrose. They have two sons, Cole and Quinn. Randall Johnson lives at home and is employed driving a truck. Norman Johnson died as a baby in 1922.

JOHNSON, George - I left England in 1914 with my school chum Harry Taylor. I celebrated my 21st birthday on the boat on April 4th, 1914. We stopped at Moose Jaw until December 21 when we both joined the 46th Infantry Battalion, where we were lucky enough to be taken into the band.

After the war the two of us along with Fred Harris came to Edmonton and bought the Louis David farm at Dinant in June 1919. We each had a quarter section and farmed together. Mine was the SE 2-48-20-4 and had a good house, barns for horses and cows and a large sheep shed. About 60 acres were in Goose Lake and four and a half acres were owned by the Grand Trunk railway which cut the quarter in two.

My mother, Elizabeth Johnson, sister Ellen, and brother William arrived from England on March 25, 1920.

The farm had been bought through the Soldier Settlement Board, which also bought horses and cows for us. Among these cows were a couple bought from our neighbor Sam Olson, which were the foundation of our herd. One was a purebred Holstein.

At the end of the 1920 crop year Fred Harris married Tilda Olson and left the farm. The following year Harry Taylor and my sister Ellen married and went to live in Camrose. My brother came down from Edmonton to be with me and we decided that the farm would not give us a good living in grain, so we converted the sheep shed into a cow barn according to government specifications and proceeded to build an accredited herd of Holsteins. There was a good market for milk and cream at the two coal mines and we also shipped table cream to the Edmonton City Dairy. (In 1924 the milk production was 64,404 pounds. The average per herd was 7,494 pounds and we had passed the T.B. herd inspection for the third year.)

My mother's health began to fail in 1927, the mines were closing down and then Edmonton would not take cream from farms outside a 25 mile radius. We decided to turn the farm back to the Government. We had our sale in March 1929 Included in the sale were tractor, silage cutter, and stationary engine. We had built a 75 ton stavelock silo around 1923 or 1924 We found green oats were the easiest to sow and cut with the usual farm implements.

My brother and I were both sorry to leave the farm. but the Soldier Settlement Inspector from the east told me that mine was the poorest quarter section he had seen since he left Ottawa. The Field Supervisor also advised us to turn it back to the government. Twenty years after I left, I received a cheque from the government for $900.00 - the amount of my equity left over after the farm had been bought by the Hutterites.

After leaving the farm, I got a Job in J. B. Taylor's Hardware store in Camrose. I was there for one year when I was lucky enough to be the successful candidate to fill a vacancy in the Customs and Excise Department in Camrose on March 1, 1930.

In June 1930 1 married Gertrude Frances Rowsell. In 1934 1 was transferred to the office in Edmonton and remained in the Custom and Excise Department there until 1959 when I retired and came to Victoria. British Columbia.

We have two children, our daughter Elizabeth Gwendoline Black, is with the Provincial Government here. Our son Harry Rowsell Johnson, a lawyer, is presently in Ottawa as secretary and administrator of the Royal Commission investigating the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. I shall be 88 on Good Friday, April 4. Mrs. Johnson is 81 and we hope to celebrate our 50 anniversary on June 4, 1980.

My mother died in 1935. my sister in 1944, and Harry Taylor in 1962. My brother, who is 85, celebrated his 50th Anniversary last September.

JOHNSON, Ingve Isedor - Ingve Isedor Johnson (Jansson) was born in Keruna, Sweden on December 15, 1900 to mother Christina (Olsen Pahlen) Johnson.

On April 14, 1911 Ingve, his mother, and brothers Albonus and Alfred, and sisters Anna and Hildur, sailed on the Victorian for Canada. They arrived on April 23, 1911 at Halifax, then came west and homesteaded on NW 33-48-20-W4.

Ingve had an accident while threshing in the fall of 1928, which left his right arm paralyzed. In August 1932 Ingve married Katie Klien. They had three sons. Dennis was born in 1933 with Mrs. Hatfield as midwife. Harvey was born in 1935 and Floyd in 1939.

Dennis married Alfrieda Majeski of Camrose in September, 1954. They have five children Linda, Alan, Karen, Arlene and Delores. Linda married Leonard Petrowski and lives in Edmonton. Alan married Catherine Beaven and has a son David. They live in Edmonton where Alan is a pressure welder. Karen married Dennis Darby Lewis and lives in Port Alberni, British Columbia. Arlene lives at home and attends Camrose Lutheran College and Delores attends Camrose Composite High School. Dennis worked 12 years for Bradley Sheet Metal in Camrose before doing pressure welding in Edmonton. fie has helped build refineries in Edmonton and Swan Hills, the Forestburg Power plant, Joffre gas plant and now works at the Fort McMurray Tar Sands field.

Harvey Les Johnson married Kathrine McGilvery of Manning, Alberta in April, 1959. Harvey is a pressure welder living in Edmonton. They have a son Terry who works in Edmonton.

Floyd Nolan Johnson married Carol Godfrey at Strathmore in March, 1962. They have two sons, Greg and Dale. Floyd lived on the home farm a few years before moving to Strathmore where he operates the Gulf Service Center.

In 1968 Ingve moved to Creston, British Columbia where he lived until 1979. It was decided he could no longer live alone so he moved back to Camrose to the Bethany Nursing Home.

JOHNSON, Johannes - by Russ Hanson - Johannes Johnson, usually called John, was born January 16th, 1876 in Han, near Sveg, in the province of Harjedalen, Sweden. After serving a term in the Swedish army, he came to Canada in 1904, accompanied by his mother, Merrit Johnson, and a Mrs. Matson. At that time, John took a homestead in the Earling district, located about six miles east of Round Hill.

The Johnson and the Hoflin families were old friends in Sweden, and their associations continued in Canada. At the age of 16, John was confirmed in the Vemdalen church. which had long been the home church of both families.

Gertrude Johnson. a sister, married Eric Hoflin in Sweden. John's mother was born in 1834, and upon her arrival in Canada, she lived with the Eric Hoflin family. She was a grandmother to the children and a help to her daughter during her time of illness. Grandma Johnson spent her time spinning wool, and she is fondly remembered for smoking her small pipe. She died in 1918, and lies in the Kingman cemetery.

Olaf Johnson, an older brother, left Sweden early, and settled in Browns Valley, Minnesota. He came to the Round Hill district in 1900 with his wife and four children, Mary, Selma, John, and Emma.

Another sister, Kristina, married Ole Olson, who emigrated from Sweden with their three children Margaret, Martha, and Oscar. They settled about six miles east of Round Hill. A cousin, Paulus Paulson, arrived from Sweden with his wife and three boys, Valentine, Alfred, and Martin. They also settled six miles east of Round Hill.

Johannes Johnson next appeared in Lake Demay, where he worked for Andrew Hoflin, Anton Holm, and others. He also helped Peter Selin to make some improvements on his homestead at Miquelon Lake.

About 1928, John moved to the Selin homestead at SW 28, located near the third Miquelon Lake. In addition to growing the usual crops, he pastured a large herd of Hereford cattle, and sheep for marketing. He also farmed NW 27 next to the Lewis Hoflin farm. Anna Hoflin moved with her son, Lewis Hoflin and family, to the farm located along the north shore of the second Miquelon Lake. She lived with her son's family for a while, but since she owned the Selin homestead, she lived there with John in her later years. John retired from farming about 1945, and both he and Mrs. Hoflin moved to the old place at Lake Demay.

Johannes Johnson was a long-time friend and neighbor of the Gustav Hanson family, who farmed the adjoining NW 28, where the Miquelon Hills golf course is now located. Johannes Johnson passed away on November 17, 1959. and he is remembered as a quiet, soft-spoken, and modest person.

JOHNSON, Lars - by Richard Johnson - We left the farm at Bardo in the fall of 1911, as father had bought the Kingman store from Mr. Evenson. We also rented a cafe on the south side of main street for a while. This building was later used as a schoolhouse with Dr. Emmett as the first teacher. Later on this building was made into a home by my Uncle, Andrew Johnson.

We then had the cafe and rooms adjoining the post office. Thomas Rogness was the Postmaster and also our Sunday School teacher. The pupils were the (smed jenter). blacksmith girls, as they were called then, Ruth and Helen Blyckert, the Bjorgum children and the Johnson kids.

We had a good friend, Mr. Dahlberg, whom we used to visit. He would make us eggnogs to drink. We were not too fond of the mixture but we would drink it anyway. He resembled Santa Claus with his nice white hair and beard.

The highlight of the town from both young and old was to meet the train when it came from the big city of Edmonton. We can still see Rickard Blyckert, the village blacksmith, coming to meet the train with a big smile on his friendly face. They were a very nice family.

In 1913, father sold the store and left for the Peace River country where he obtained land for himself and the three oldest sons. In 1914 we left Kingman and moved to the La Glace district where most of us are still residing.

Amanda Haugen is in a home in Grande Prairie. Alma Wekved is deceased. Selmer Johnson is in a home in Westlock. John Johnson is deceased. Olaf Johnson is deceased. Laura Nergaard lives in Grande Prairie. Hilda Bakstad lives in La Glace. Ralph Johnson lives in La Glace. Richard Johnson lives in La Glace.

JOHNSON, Levina Ann (Simonson) - Levina Ann third child of Christine and Clarence Simonson, was born and raised at Kingman, Alberta.

In 1944 she married Carl Astner and moved to the Astner home farm at Gwynne. To this union was born Sharylene Ann (1946), Daniel Ewald (1950) and Marjorie Lynn (1952). Later the family returned to live at Kingman. In 1954 Carl passed away from injuries received in a car accident. In 1960, Levina and Conrad Johnson of Camrose were united in marriage. Since then they have made their home in Camrose. Conrad had two children, Jean and Robert, from his previous marriage.

After graduating from high school in Camrose, Sharylene continued her education in Calgary, after which she was employed by the Holy Cross Hospital.

She later moved to Edmonton where she resides and is employed in the oil industry. Dan continued on with his education at the University of Manitoba in Winnipeg. During this time he became actively involved with the Manitoba Department of Social Services in juvenile corrections. In August, 1971, he married Darlene Johnson of Kerkhoven, Minnesota. They resided in Winnipeg where they both continued their university education. Dan graduated in Agriculture in 1973, after which they moved to Edmonton where he was employed by United Grain Growers. Their first child Julie Marie was born in April, 1977 followed by Mark Daniel, in July 1979. In the summer of 1978, the Astners moved into the Ferintosh district (NE 17-44-21-W4) where they are farming while Dan continues his employment with the company.

Marjorie graduated from Camrose Composite High School in 1970. She and Bob Walde of Neilburg, Saskatchewan were married in April 1971. They resided in Calgary, then moved to Salt Spring Island, off the coast from Victoria, British Columbia, where Bob is employed by British Columbia Ferries. In June, 1974, Candice Lynn was born and Kevin Robert was born in October 1976. They are now putting the final touches on the new home they have built on a beautiful hillside on the island.

JOHNSON, Marina (Simonson) - Marina Simonson - Clifford Johnson married 1943. Together they began farming north of Gwynne, enjoying the field work with a new tractor, dairying, and gardening. In 1946, a son Myrl David brightened the home, followed by a chubby playmate Caroline Mae in 1948. Philip Andrew arrived in 1952, a big bundle of joy.

Myrl's enthusiasm for animals was evident from babyhood when he was always seen with a cat or dog under his arm. Later, he tended and defended his flock of sheep with Caroline's and Philip's help. Many spring nights were spent in the haystacks in hopes of catching those cunning predators, the coyotes.

Myrl married Kay Marie Wilson of Portland, Oregon in 1967. Because of his continued interest in agriculture, they returned to Alberta in 1968 after completing their bachelor degrees, MyrI in Biology and Kay in Education. A daughter, Rachelle Lynn, was born in 1971 and a son, Nathan David in 1976. They are currently raising dairy cattle and grain farming near St. Paul, Alberta. Caroline married Ken D. Taylor of Kelowna, B.C. in 197 1. They spent five years studying at Walla Walla, Washington, Ken finishing in Electrical Engineering and Caroline in Social Work. The nearby Washington State Penitentiary offered practical experience for Caroline. Ken had been raised on a farm near Sedgewick and his loyalties remained in Alberta. Consequently, in 1975 they bought acreage land on what was locally known as the Walden Hill at Gwynne. Ken self employed as a general contractor (Walden Hill Construction Ltd.) and Caroline is a probation officer with Community Corrections in Wetaskiwin.

Philip completed his first year university at Canadian Union College, Lacombe, Alberta, as did Myrl and Caroline. He then spent some time at Walla Walla College studying music and touring with the school orchestra. His compulsion for country living, however, brought him back to Alberta and dairying with his brother in St. Paul. It was here he met the answer to his dreams, Loretta Polishuk. They were married in 1978 and continued to live on an acreage near St. Paul. Loretta completed her degree in social work and is employed as Administrator of the Alberta Alcohol & Drug Abuse Commission. Phil is employed as Assistant Administrator for the St. Paul Habitat Enterprises, a sheltered workshop for mentally handicapped adults.

Music lessons were a weekly occurrence as the children grew older. Myrl sang songs for community events, causing tears with his favorite song "Old Shep" and sheer entertainment with the "Auctioneer's Song." More seriously he practiced his accordion and guitar. Caroline the piano, and Philip following his dad on the violin. Philip was fortunate to study violin under the same teacher as his dad, Mrs. C. Condie, in Wetaskiwin.

JOHNSON, Nels - by Ruth Agnes Anderson - Mr. and Mrs. Nels Johnson and six children, Oscar, Ellen, Olga, Hildor, Ruth Agnes, and Henry, left Minnesota, in the middle of June 1901. They arrived in Wetaskiwin, Alberta one and a half weeks later in search of land in which to raise their family. Travel by train was slow in the early days, stopping at every place along the way to pick up and let off passengers. When we reached Wetaskiwin we needed a place to stay. A tent was our first abode till my father erected a temporary shack where we lived for a while.

After getting Mother and the children settled, Father and Oscar, who was 16, went to look for a homestead. A land guide took them out to the Miquelon Lake district where homestead land was plentiful. Looking over the countryside the decision was made to file on land east of Miquelon lake. This quarter section was near the lake so good fishing was anticipated. We were told there was fish but this proved to be false.

My father found out there was some mix-up with the homestead section after he had filed on the land and built a small shack. The surveying had not been done correctly. Due to this mistake the shack or small house had to be moved to the original land near by, which was to be our right homestead. Here father built a two room log house.

Times were hard, little of the world's goods did we have. My father bought a team of horses, a cow, and implements in Wetaskiwin and with household effects brought from Minnesota we settled in our new home. Father made tables and benches which were substantial furniture in our home.

Money was scarce. To make a living for his family he did carpenter work for others. Oscar, at age 16, had to make his own living by working on the railroad. Sister Ellen at age 14 worked as a hired girl in Wetaskiwin.

Our first team of horses died of swamp fever. This was the only time I recall my mother crying. Father bought another team and one of those horses died leaving one horse and an ox to do the work on our homestead. The ox, old and stubborn as those creatures can be, decided to lay down on the job while harnessed together with the one and only horse we had. No way would the ox budge until he decided to do so. The horse patiently waited.

Hildor, being the oldest of the children at home, had the responsibility of doing the work on the farm which was not easy for a young lad. With Mother's determination and the help of the younger children, we all did our best.

There is one incident I remember. We were outside playing when a large black animal came rambling through our yard, in my excitement to tell Mother, I thought one of our black sows had got out of her pen. It turned out to be a black bear which disappeared and was never seen again.

There was no school near by so the younger children did not get any education until the spring of 1903 when they started at Pretty Hill School. We only attended four months that term with Miss Sofia Throndson as teacher. I went to school till the age of 15. My parent's home was always open for visiting ministers. Since there was no church in the community the meetings were held in our home. My Mother passed away in April, 1932 at the age of 69, my Father passed away in July, 1932 at the age of 73.

JOHNSON, Nils & Anna - Nils Johnson, his wife Anna, and two children Kjell Alfans born in 1918, and Emmy Ingbritt, born in 1922, came to Canada, from Sweden, in 1925, arriving in Kingman. They settled on a quarter of land near Armena, known as the Hans Palm farm which has now been purchased by Theodore Matson. NW 25-48-21-W4. In 1929, another daughter was born Ruth Anna Dorotea.

Very little is remembered by the Johnson family of their father's life, as he died when they were very young. Those who knew him never fail to recall his pleasantness and remarkable strength. He had a mass of red hair and a handle bar moustache. Nils Johnson died as a result of double pneumonia. This left Mrs. Johnson with three children and the mammoth task of raising them and running a farm.

Those were the grim years as it was the depression. After our father's death, Mother could no longer manage the farm, and went to live with her brother Axel Dahlin. She lived there until she found employment, keeping house for various people.

Our Mother, like most pioneers was not afraid of hard work. Warm and affectionate with her family, she was a very busy individual with a fair amount of ambition. She seemed to be continually involved with any number of projects and ventures, all at the same time. She enjoyed making pieced quilts. Her fancy work - crocheting, knitting, spinning, and weaving filled in time. She worked for John Albonus Johnson for many years prior to her marriage to him in later life. Life on a farm has many happy moments, it was a memorable day, the day a new cabinet radio was brought home - purchased from John U. Erickson.

The soap-making was intriguing. First Mother rendered the fat, then built a fire under the huge iron kettle, and filled it with the resin tallow, borax, lye, and water and cooked and stirred it the whole day long. It was then ladled into cloth lined boxes to cool and later cut into bars of beautiful white soap.

It was quite customary, on a mild winter evening for a man to walk across the field and have a game of cards and a cup of coffee with his neighbor. We had company regularly. In the earlier years there were many bachelors from nearby farms. Among these we recall David Olson, Pete Peterson, John Oberg, Mr. Moberg, Mr. Bredeson, John Hanson, Frank Anderson. Coal oil lamps or gasoline lanterns provided lights. The tempo of living was slower, but with a touch of nostalgia. Many of us remember that by gone era when it seemed there was more time to enjoy community activities and visiting each other.

We always looked forward to the confusion of the threshing outfits in the fall. The first crew that threshed for our step father were the Selin Brothers with their steam driven thresher. The crew consisted of 20 men with hearty appetites. So while the men worked from 7 a.m. to 7 p.m., mother worked from 5 a.m. until late at night preparing food for the following day.

In the winter, neighbors would get together and put up big blocks of ice from Miquelon Lake. These were brought home via bobsleigh and stored in a log house insulated with sawdust. Big freezers of ice cream were made and perishables in the icebox kept quite cool.

Albonus and Anna retired to Camrose in 1961 when they sold their farm to their son-in-law Gordon Simonson. Albonus passed away April 23, 1968, and was predeceased by his wife Anna, June 4, 1967.

In one life-span, men have progressed from horse to automobiles and planes. From slow-moving big steam outfits to self-propelled cabbed combines, and who can dream, what another life span will bring to agriculture and to the Rural Scene!

Children: In 1941, Kjell married Signe, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. John Palm of Hay Lakes and farms in the Dinant district. They have one daughter Eleanor Elvira. She married Forest (Woody) Carbury. They reside in Los Angeles and have one son, Darren.

In 1944, Brith married Carl, son of Mr. and Mrs. Frank Johnson. They have two children, Carl Derald and Gail Julianne. Carl married Liz Jacobar from Picture Butte. They have three children, Ryan, Cameron and Lana. Carl is an engineer and Liz is a teacher. They reside in Calgary. Gail is single and works at Rosehaven Nursing Home.

Brith passed away in 1973. She was predeceased by her husband in 1951.

In 1947, Ruth married Gordon, son of Mr. and Mrs. Oscar Simonson. They have three children, Bryan, Brenda, and Robin.

Bryan married Linda, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Tom Campbell of Round Hill. They have two girls: Karl and Kelly. Bryan is an engineer with B.C. Hydro and Linda is a Registered Nurse. They reside in Vancouver.

Brenda married Blaine, son of Mr. and Mrs. Ole Rosland of Camrose. Blaine is a farmer and also works for Stelco Steele Co. Brenda works at Rosehaven Nursing Home.

Robin is single and lives at home. He is in his second year, apprenticing as an electrician, and works for Dar-West Oil Services.

JOHNSON, Olof - by Emma (Johnson) Reger - Olof and Annie Johnson, with 4 children, Mary, Selma, John, and Emma emigrated from South Dakota, in 1902. They came as far as Wetaskiwin, where they loaded their belongings into a wagon. Dad drove the team and Mother followed with the four children in a single buggy. When they came to Pipestone Hill at present-day Gwynne, Mother didn't dare drive down. Dad anchored his wagon and team at the bottom of the hill, walked back up, and drove down.

It was a very rainy season that year so things weren't very pleasant. They settled on a homestead three miles north of Round Hill and five miles east of Kingman. Eight more children were born to them from 1902 till 1920.

When it was decided to build the Swedish Lutheran Church in Kingman, Mother and Dad helped to canvass for it. Some of the children were baptized and also confirmed there. Mother and Dad were very faithful in attending church, and also attending the early candle lighting service every Christmas morning.

Mother passed away at forty-six years in 1923. Dad passed away at ninety-one years in 1961.

JOHNSON, Oscar - Oscar Isador Johnson was born on March 24, 1885, in Dassel, Minnesota and came to Canada in 1901, along with his mother, father, two brothers and three sisters. In 1904, he took out a homestead on the S.E. 2-49-20-W4, which turned out to be his home for 31 years.

In 1914, he married Mary Mickelson and started farming after brushing and breaking the land.

All their eight children were born in this home, six boys and two girls. They farmed until 1945 when they moved to Camrose, Alberta and were semiretired. Their son, Wilfred, took over the farm and still lives in the same location.

In 1954 Oscar and Mary moved to Surrey, British Columbia. In October of 1958 Oscar passed away at the age of 73 years after having had surgery on his heart.

Mary Mickelson was born in Sweden on December 21, 1893 and came to Canada in 1907, along with her parents, 2 sisters, and 3 brothers. She gained employment that summer as a babysitter with the Alfred Fossen family, in the Brandland district. During the fall and early winter she stayed with Mr. and Mrs. Willie Simonson and attended English classes at the Farmington School. In the meantime her Father had built a log cabin, in which they all enjoyed their first Christmas in Canada.

After Oscar passed away in 1958, Mary lived at Surrey, B.C, where her brother, Mannie Mickelson, lived until he passed away in 1968. She then moved to Bashaw, Alberta, where she took up residence at the Senior Citizens' home. In May of 1977 she moved to the Red Deer Nursing Home. She passed away February 3, 1980 at the age of 86.

Their eldest son, Bernard, married Mary Syrnyk, of Camrose, and they live on a farm north of Rimbey. He also owns and operates the Rimbey and District Tire Shop. They have four children, two sons, Norman and Leslie and two daughters, Loma and Sheila. Wilfred married Kathleen Barlund of Tofield. They purchased the home farm and are presently residing there. They have two sons Donald and Alan and twin daughters Kathy and Karen. Donald married Lois, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. William Simonson of Tofield. They have two daughters, Kjristen and Kerri. Donald is employed at Pacifac Western Airlines as Crew Chief. They live in Fort Saskatchewan. Alan married Birgith Jensen, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Niels Jensen of New Norway. Alan is part owner at Sherrex Systems where he works as a Computer Systems Designer. They live in Edmonton.

Kathy is employed at the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce in Edmonton. Karen is attending the University of Alberta working on her Bachelor of Science degree in Nursing. Ruby married Ted Marfleet of Vermilion and have two sons, Keith and Kenneth, and three daughters, Betty, Phyllis, and Janet. Ruby passed away December 19, 1970 and her husband lives in Maple Ridge, British Columbia.

Evelyn married Laurence Schlender of Hay Lakes. They have four daughters, Joyce, Judy, Lois and Lynn. They live on their farm south of Valleyview, Alberta. They also operate the Bus depot there. Victor married Evelyn Prior of Irma, Alberta and raised a family of two daughters, Cheryl and Myrna and two sons Warren and Laughn. Vic is employed with Northwestern Utilities and lives in Irma, Alberta.

Harold married Bernice Hoflin of Kingman, daughter of Louis and Mary Hoflin. They own and operate a trucking company for the oil industry. They reside at Alder Flats and have a ranch on homestead land. They have three sons, Gerald, Dexter and Blayne, and two daughters, Debbie and Denice.

Ronald married Mavis Marlow of Lougheed, Alberta. He is employed with the Provincial Government and resides in Red Deer, Alberta. They have two sons, Ricky and Bradley, and three daughters, Patsy, Norma and Pamela. Wallace married Emily Martin of New York, U.S.A. They reside at Denver, Colorado. He is employed with a Geophysical firm. They have two sons, Kevin and Derek.

JOHNSON, Thor - Halvor Hovelson and Ingebar Fuglem Hovelson came from Minnesota to homestead in the Kingman district in 1905. They had four children.

Ida Malester Hovelson was born in 1909 on the homestead in the Kingman district. Their post office at that time was Pretty Hill. Ida attended Pretty Hill school and Bethlehem Lutheran Church. She married Thor Johnson, a farmer and they resided six years in the Hay Lakes district, seven years in the Armena district and thirty years on N.W. 5-49-20 in the Brandland district (later called Wilhelmina). In 1976 they sold their farm and moved to Vernon, British Columbia. Thor and Ida had four children. Arlo married Donna McLean and works for "Downtown Realty" in Vernon. They have three children. Carol married Chester Woiden who also works in Vernon at "Coral Floors". Carol and Chester have four children. Warren, born in 1940 resided at N.W. 5-49-20 until 1973 when he moved to Vernon, British Columbia. He passed away in 1973. Opal married Jack Hiller and resides at Hay Lakes. Thor and Ida's children attended Armena, Brandland, and Hay Lakes schools. Carol attended Camrose Lutheran College.

JOHNSTON, Vineola Mae (Christenson) - daughter of the late William and Tilda Christenson - I was born in Kingman and attended Farmington Public School and Kingman High School. I was baptized and confirmed in the Salem Lutheran Church.

While living at home I was actively involved in sports, eg. softball, skating, carpet ball, gymnastics, and table tennis. I played on the Kingman Softball Team the year we defeated Camrose at the Camrose Fair.

I was also involved in several plays put on by the Kingman Community Association. I took the two in one course in Home Economics at the Olds Agricultural College and my roommate was Gladys Skalin (Grahn). Having graduated from a secretarial training course in Camrose I went to Edmonton and worked as a secretary for various companies for 12 years. In 1954 1 underwent major heart surgery (mitral commisuratomy) at the Royal Alex in Edmonton. I was married to Douglas M. Johnston in 1948 at Central Lutheran Church in Edmonton. We have two daughters Karen and Rhonda, born in 1955 and 1958 respectively who are both living with us and doing secretarial work in Calgary.

We lived in Edmonton for 16 years after our marriage and then moved to Ontario and resided in Burlington and Toronto for 12 years where our daughters grew up and got their education. In 1967, 1 again had open-heart surgery at Cleveland Clinic Hospital in Cleveland, Ohio. We have been living in Calgary, Alberta for the past three years where my husband, Doug is Mortgage Manager for Imperial Life Assurance Company.

KARCHUT, Fred & Anna - In 1920, from Daysland, Alberta, Fred and Anna Karchut, with their two small children, Peter and Mary, arrived in the district. They settled on a farm two miles south and one mile east of Dinant. Four more children were born here, John, Joseph, Tilda, and Olga. They all attended the Dinant school.

Peter continued his education in Edmonton for three years at Victoria Composite High. He is now farming one mile east of the original home place, while he lives in Camrose. Mrs. Karchut, who is now 83, lives with him.

Mary, (Mrs. John Dasko) lives in Edmonton. She has a daughter Elaine, who is a rehabilitation counsellor-supervisor at the Youth Development Centre.

John Karchut served overseas during the war as sergeant-major in the Perth Regiment. He and his wife reside in Emdonton, where he has been employed by Edmonton Telephones for the past thirty years.

Joe served as sergeant- instructor in the R.C.A.S.C. at Red Deer. He later operated his own service station in Vancouver. He currently lives in San Jose, California, where he is employed by General Motors. His son, Robert, is a chemical research engineer in Vancouver, his daughter Joan and her husband operate a service station in Lacombe.

After graduation from Camrose High School, Tilda was employed by the Provincial Attorney-General's department. She later moved to Ottawa, where she married Emmett Rennick. She is now a secretary at the office of the Secretary of State.

Olga also attended Camrose High, and was later employed at various jobs as clerk-typist in Edmonton. She and her husband, Victor Stirling, subsequently moved to San Jose, California. Olga passed away suddenly at the age of 45, in 1974. Her two daughters, Lynn and Shirley still reside there.

KEECH, Jack - by Winifred Hartschen On January 18, 1942, Jack Keech Sr. came to Kingman to manage the lumber yard. He boarded with Mrs. Petra Simonson and Mabel. The teachers Kathleen Macleod and Margorie Pinsent made their home there as well.

While he was courting Betty Hartschen he would walk three miles to the farm and the snow banks would be so high you could not see over them. They were married Christmas Eve, 1943. Their son, Jackie Jr., was born June 3, 1945. He lives in Edmonton, Alberta.

World War II was in progress so Jack enlisted and was sent to England. It was during this time Betty was killed in a car accident at the railroad crossing two miles north of Camrose. Jack Keech Sr. makes his home in Burnaby, British Columbia.

KELM. Joy (Cornelius) - I'm the former Viola (Joy) Cornelius, who was born June 25, 1932 at Dinant, Alberta. I was raised in the Dinant, Miquelon, Spilstead, and Kingman districts. I started school at Dinant and finished most of my schooling in the Miquelon and Spilstead Schools.

My parents Bert and Florence Cornelius lived on the farm northwest of the Miquelon School. I have one brother, Harvey, and three sisters, Eileen, Gwen and Marilyn.

I worked in Camrose for nearly six years, then I met and married Leo Kelm of Bruce, Alberta, July 24, 1954. We have lived here for the past 25 years. We live northwest of the hamlet of Bruce on the E V2-33-49-14-4. Leo bought the land in 1948. We own six quarters altogether.

We raised three children, one boy and two girls. Lonny is married and has two boys and works on the oil rigs and lives two miles east of our home on an acreage. Debbie married also, and lives in Vegreville. Gail lives in Edmonton and works for the Department of Education.

KERR, Bob - On November 28, 1958 June Johanson and Bob Kerr were married in the United Church in Camrose. They lived in Camrose until October of 1959 when they moved into a trailer on the Melvin Olstad farm at Edberg for the winter. In the spring of 1960 they moved back to Camrose until 1965. Bob then worked for Boden Bros. Construction of Edberg. Shelly was born in July 1962. From Camrose they moved to the Lassie Ovelson home in Kingman until about November when they moved to the Henry Gunderson house. From there they moved to the Allen Olsen farm west of Kingman. Later they bought a house from Bob Hardy which they moved to the Johanson farm.

Bob worked for Norman Wideman hauling milk in cans to Camrose. In 1967 Bob bought the milk truck from Norman. At this time a son, Daniel was born.

Bob operated a large milk route for about four years until people went into larger dairy operations and bulk tanks. The business of hauling milk cans lessened to the point where it had to be dropped. He then went into general trucking in the area and still operates this business. In 1973 the Kerr family bought the Peter Rindahl farm and in 1977 they moved their home over to the Rindahl quarter and started farming along with the trucking business. June now works part-time for Asp Draperies. In May Shelly graduates in hairdressing. She also works part-time at Bethany Nursing Home in Camrose. Daniel is in grade eight in Kingman school.

KNUDSON, Dorothy Eleanor (Heiner) - Parents - Leonard Heiner and Signe Magnusson Father was the Lutheran Pastor at Fridhem, Wilhelmina, and Kingman churches.

My father passed away November 18, 1918, leaving my mother alone with three children Margaret, Edward, and myself. In 1920 Mother married Oscar Bard. To this marriage 3 children were born. Florence (Mrs. Leonard Niehaus) of Daysland, Verner and Raymond in Edmonton. I lived on the Bard farm from 1920 to sometime in the 1930's taking my schooling at Pretty Hill and Kingman High. When I was about 18 years old I went to work in Camrose and also attended the Canadian Lutheran Bible Institute, graduating in 1942.

On June 17, 1942 1 married Lars Knudson who had just completed his seminary training and was ordained in May.

On call to serve three congregations in the Hanley, Saskatchewan Parish, we moved into what used to be a cottage school. Due to the housing shortage, this school had been partitioned into four rooms with walls to about three feet from the ceiling. It had been used as a teacherage. We were young and happy in spite of many inconveniences in our first home.

Two of our children Marion and David were born during the five years spent at Hanley. Daniel arrived while we were in our second Parish at Marge, Saskatchewan. Other parishes served have been Sedgewick and Claresholm. Alberta. Elbow, Saskatchewan, and finally at Pass Lake, Ontario. where Lars due to ill health, retired.

In April, 1977 we moved back to Camrose, Alberta. We were comfortably settled in an apartment but Lars is now residing in a nursing home where his physical needs are well taken care of'. Our children are Marion who is a registered nurse, married to Dennis Eberle. They have four children, David has his B.A. from Concordia College, Moorhead, Minnesota. He taught music in schools in Thunderbay, Ontario and did social work for 2 years. He is now completing his Seminary training in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan and will be ordained into the Holy Ministry. He married Joan Pearson and has 2 children. Daniel also has his B.A. from Lakehead University and is doing social work.

KNUTSVIG, Sophie (Rindahl) - Sophie, the eldest daughter of Carl and Gyda Rindahl, helped on the farm until the fall of 1929, then came to Camrose to work for Mr. and Mrs. C. A. Killam at their variety store, and also for C. J. Duggan and Miss J. Sharon.

In 1933 I married Gustave Knutsvig of Camrose. We still live in Camrose. We have one son Orlin, who married Arlene Hopkins of Sedgewick, Alberta. They have 3 children.

On July 8, 1978 their eldest daughter Shelley married Rodney Rosland of Camrose. They now live in Lethbridge where Shelley works as a dental assistant and Rodney works for Calgary Power.

Sherry Knutsvig is taking her second year of university at Camrose Lutheran College. She enjoys sports and in 1979 was on a fastball team (Imperials) which won the Canadian championship. Shan Knutsvig is attending Composite High School taking grade 10. He enjoys sports and was a Boy Scout.

KOBZA, Natalka Maria (Nettie) - My parents were Pete and Rosie Mackowosky. I attended the Coal Hill School. I was married to Edward Kobza in 1951. He is employed as a Superintendent at Dome Petroleum in Calgary. We have four children: Larry, the eldest is Manager of Black Gold Electric in Red Deer. He is married to Debbie Kanten. Carol is secretary for Target Well Service also in Red Deer. She married, Ken Storoz and they reside in Sylvan Lake. Debbie, who is receptionist and secretary for Comrie Coughlan Real Estate in Edmonton, is married to Gordon Madsen and they live in Devon. Brenda, secretary for Territorial Leasing in Edmonton, lives in Devon.

KOZAK, Andrew - by Kari Krogen - Andrew Kozack was born in old Austria on September 6, 1900. He immigrated to Canada in 1901 with his parents Jacob and Caroline Kozack (nee Butchinski) They settled in the Rabbit Hill area until obtaining a homestead in Kingman in 1902. Andrew was brought up and went to school in the Kingman area. He helped on his father's farm until the age of 16, when he left and went to Drumheller to work in the coal mines. There he worked from 1916 to 1930. Andrew married Olga Kutchuk on November 19, 1927. OIga immigrated to Canada from the Ukraine in 1926. She lived with her Uncle Fred and Aunt Katie Ewanchiw until her marriage.

Andrew and Olga resided in Drumheller for three years during which time their first child was born in 1929 named Karl, and followed by a son, Ernest William, in 1930.

Andrew, Olga and family then moved to the Kingman area (NW-36-49-20-W4) where they lived approximately six and a half years. During these years of depression many hard times were encountered. Three more children were born, Gladys Margaret in 1932, Elmer Louis In 1933 and Elsie Florence in 1935.

In 1939 the family moved to Tofield for one year. During this time Andrew served in the Canadian Armed Forces. He was discharged due to poor health I n 1940.

After Andrew was discharged from the army the family moved back to the Kingman area. They rented the Ole Bjorgum farm and did some mixed farming on it. Andrew worked for the Canadian National Railways at the time for approximately seven years. Moving next to Ryley in 1947, he worked in Dodds Coal Mine for about seven years.

At this time Gladys was married to Edwin Klawitter in 1948. They have two children, Sandra Elaine, born in 1952. and Neil Edwin born in 1954. Edwin and Gladys lived on a farm in the Ryley area from 1948 to 1971. They now reside in Edmonton and Edwin worked for the University of Alberta. Their daughter Sandra was married to Barry Seniuk In July of 1971. They have one son, Bradley Colin, born January 27, 1980. They reside in Calgary.

Neil was married to Sylvia Schmidt in July of 1979. They reside in Edmonton. Karl was married to Lester Krogen in 1950. They lived in Edmonton until 1952. Their first child, Craig Douglas, was born in 1951. In 1952 they moved to Camrose where their 2nd child, Denise Rae, was born in 1955. Lester has been working for the past 28 years for Esso Resources. They now reside in Calgary. Their son Craig was married to Sonja McBride in June, 1973. They have one daughter, Melissa Ann, born July 7, 1977. They live in Millet. Alberta. Denise was married to Jim Lall in January 1975. They have two sons. Curtis Scott, born June 17, 1977, and Travis Reid, born May 8, 1979. They presently reside in Edmonton.

Ernest was married to Susan Hrabec in 1952. They have resided in Edmonton all their married life. They have three children: Elwood Bryan (August, 1953), now residing in Edmonton. Kevin Douglas (May 1961) and Lorna Faye (June, 1962) are both still living at home. Ernest is presently employed at Palm Dairies.

Elsie was married to Edward Rudy in 1961. They have a son, Jason Scott. born August 1971. Edward is employed with the University of Alberta and they have lived in Edmonton since their marriage.

After finishing school Elmer left home and went to Edmonton where he worked for the New Method Dry Cleaning for a few years. From 1956 to 1961 he worked for the Department of Transport, then for the City of Edmonton and is now employed at the University of Alberta. Andrew and Olga moved to Camrose in 1954. There Andrew worked for the town of Camrose as a labourer until semi-retirement. He retired in Kingman for about 15 years, then moved to Bethany Senior Citizens' Home in Camrose for 3 & 1/2 years. He is now residing at Clover Bar Senior Citizens' Lodge in Sherwood Park. Olga lives with her daughter Elsie and family in Edmonton. Andrew and Olga have eight grandchildren and four great-grandchildren.

KOZAK, Jacob & Caroline - Jack and Caroline Kozack and two children, Annie four years, and Andrew one year old, arrived in Canada in 1901. They came from Kolenden in the district of Chortkiew in the Ukraine, at that time under the Austrian government. After arriving in Winnipeg they rested a few days before continuing on to Strathcona. Here they were met by their friends the Wesolawskis of Rabbit Hill. They stayed there for ten months helping with farm work.

Early in 1902 Jacob filed on a homestead NE 18-49-19-W4 in the Corn Hill District, later known as the Beaver Municipality. Their land was solid bush. There was a small sod shack the four stayed in until a better house was made of logs, and a thatched roof was made of straw, provided by another farmer.

The first cows were purchased from Pete Welsh. Oxen were used to break land for the first garden and a small field of grain. Branches of trees were used to harrow it. A few years later a mare was purchased from Thor Ovelson. This horse raised many colts and was used for all the farmwork. Later more horses were purchased. Mail came to Bardo area and a few groceries were purchased at the store there. The trip was made on horseback going cross-country. Major items had to be purchased in Wetaskiwin, a round trip taking four days.

Life in those early pioneer days was extremely difficult. Differences in language caused a communication problem with the few neighbors who were mostly Scandinavian. At first conversations were mostly hand gestures. Some of the early neighbors were Ovelsons, Fletcher Brothers, Simonsons, Scramstads and Stirretts.

To support his family Jacob walked to Calgary to earn a few dollars working on the railroad. While walking he became lost many times but he usually came upon a rancher who was kind, giving him milk and bread and letting him rest a day or two. He stayed away for months at a time. The family increased and a new house was built in 1905. Ignus Kalawsky helped build this house which still stands in the Joe Kozack yard. Jacob helped build the first Ukrainian Catholic Church in Round Hill. He supplied many of the logs which he hauled to the church with horses. Caroline helped with the clay plastering and the whitewashing of the church.

A sawmill was built by Jacob so he could cut lumber that was used to build barns and sheds. Firewood was hauled to Camrose with horses and sleigh and sold for $2.00 a load. The first tractor was a 1918 Fordson purchased in 1924 from Ole Rosendahl. A Woods Brother threshing machine was purchased some months later. Before this outfit was purchased Wm. Wideman and William Boettger threshed with a steam outfit. The first car owned was a Model T touring bought from Ole Rosendahl. The well water was pumped by horse power. The family bread was baked in a clay oven. Rabbit and partridge were the main meat supply. Bacon and hams were cured at home. Cream was churned to butter and used for eating, frying and baking. Any surplus cream was sold to the Woodland Dairy in Kingman. In later years when there was a daily train it was shipped to Edmonton. In the spring, jackfish were plentiful in the creek on neighboring farms This fish was fried, boiled, and also pickled in wooden barrels. It kept all summer when pickled. Farmers came from other areas with wagon boxes to load fish for food for themselves and for their dogs, cats and pigs.

Jacob and Caroline raised a family of nine children: Annie, Andrew, Emelia, Mike, Louis, John, Alice, Joe and Steve.

Annie, the eldest didn't attend school because she had to help her mother care for the younger children and do farm chores. She learned to read and write from her younger brothers and sisters who did attend school. In 1915 she married Walter Babin and they lived on the NW 1/4 of 36-49-20-W4. They had one daughter Karen who passed away when 14 months old from polio. Walter died of influenza in 1918. Later Annie married Sam Cherry and they had a daughter Elsie who attended Kingman school for a time. In 1948 Elsie married Alec Shawley. They have two daughters, Janice Bailey and Karen O'Donnell. Janice has two boys, Duffy and Morgan. Karen has one boy Jared. Elsie Shawley passed away in January 1975. Anne Cherry resides in Belvedere Lodge in Edmonton.

Andrew and wife Olga resided in Miquelon and Kingman district for many years. They have five children Kari Krogen, Ernest, Gladys Klawitter, Elmer, and Elsie Ruddy. They have eight grandchildren and three great-grandchildren.

In 1918 Emelia married Frank Zarski and they resided in Drumheller. Their only child Morley served in the R.C.A.F. Morley married Beatrice Robinson. They have four children, Bonnie Granger, Merle Inglis, David and Lorne. Emelia passed away in 1947, Frank in 1976 and Morley in 1977.

Michael Cussik (Kozack) worked in the Dinant mine. In 1925 he married June Kohutch. Their only child Eileen Dale served in the R.C.W.A.F. during World War II. They have two grandchildren Penny and Richard and two great- grandchildren. Mike worked for the C.P.R. in Saskatchewan and Alberta for over thirty years. Now retired they live in Birtle, Manitoba. Louie married Julia and resided in the Kingman district until 1953. Their twins Dennis and Delores attended school in Kingman until they moved to Camrose. Louie passed away in 1959. Dennis and wife Jean live in Sherwood Park where he is an electrician. Delores is a nurse and lives in Edmonton with her mother Julia.

John married Nellie Romanisson and resides on the NE 1/4, 19-49-19-W4 near Kingman. They have two children, Sharon Soady and Larry and one grandson Richard Soady. Alice married William Nazer of Calgary. They have one daughter Patricia Burnham. Their grandson Shannon was accidentally drowned in the North Saskatchewan River in 1975. Joe and Rosie reside on the original farm. They have three children. Robert, Audrey Thomas and William.

Steve is married to Barbara Ogrodnick of Ryley. The children Rennie, Maxine, and Linda were born while they lived in Kingman. Rennie and Maxine attended school in Kingman. In 1952 they moved to the Haight district where Jack and Morley were born. Steve played saxophone with many orchestras. Rennie works for Municipal Affairs and lives in Leduc. They have six children. Maxine Baron lives in Tofield and has two children, Richard and Deanna. Linda lives in Victoria, B.C. Jack and Morley reside at home.

Jacob was born in 1870 and passed away in 1948. Caroline was born in 1874 and died in 1964. She spent her last years with her son Steve of the Haight district.

KOZAK, John & Clara - In 1912 John was born to Thomas and Mary Kozack. He was raised and worked in the Kingman district till 1938 when he moved to the Haight area. In October 1939 he married Clara Klawitter, whose parents Walter and Bertha Klawitter were pioneers of Ryley and Thule, where he worked.

John farmed at Haight for three years, then bought land four miles north of Ryley in the Bathgate School District where he farmed for 31 years. He was also employed part-time, by the County of Beaver for 20 years. He retired from farming and moved to the village of Ryley. He still works with the Parks and Recreation for the county at Camp Lake, Beaverhill Lake, and Nugget Lake.

Their 2 daughters, Geraldine and Evelyn graduated from Ryley High School. They took part in the 4-H Cooking and Sewing Clubs, and school activities such as softball, basketball, and drama. Geraldine married Garry Keohane from Round Hill and resides in Ryley. They have two children Trevor and Michelle. Evelyn lives and works in Edmonton.

KOZAK, John - John Kozack, son of Jacob and Carolyn Kozack was born July 12, 1909. He was born on the original Homestead, N.E. 18-49-19.

John attended the old Kingman school with some of his teachers being Peterson and Manson. At the age of 11 years John had a bad accident. He was sent on a saddle horse to get the milk cows on the pasture quarter where he presently lives. The horse shied, the saddle turned and John's leg was caught in the stirrup. The horse dragged him for 1/4 of a mile over brush and stumps till the stirrup broke. It crushed his right leg and scalped his head. When he became conscious he called for help. Olive (Nomeland) Sutton heard him call. She ran and notified the family of the accident. No doctors were present so T. J. Rogness took him to Mundare in his Model T car to have his leg set and tended to. It took John many months to recover.

Years later as a young man John did a lot of hunting and trapping sometimes walking many miles. He also played hockey and softball with the Kingman teams. John enjoys music and was part of a family orchestra playing his guitar and violin. He also enjoys fishing.

John purchased the west 1/2 of N.E. 1/4 - 19-49-19W4th in 1945. He met Nellie, daughter of Katie and Paul Romanisson. She was one of 11 children born in Daysland. At an early age Nellie, along with the family moved to a farm southwest of Holden. She walked two and one-half miles southwest of the farm to attend a country school named Talbot. They later moved to a farm in the Woodlawn area. Nellie assisted the Doctor with childbirth and took care of the children in their homes. The doctors she assisted were Dr. Law, Dr. Cauldwell and Dr. Sorenson. She played softball with the Kingman Ladies' Team.

On November 15, 1946 John and Nellie were married and resided on his parents' farm, where Sharon was born. Later they moved to their own farm where Larry was born. Having no electricity, coal oil lamps and lanterns were used. The well that was dug was used for watering stock, but household water had to be hauled in. In winter the snow plied up so high on the roads that sometimes the only way John could get to Kingman for supplies and mail was to go on foot. Later a better road was built.

In 1962 John and Nellie purchased the E 1/2 of N.E. 1/4 19-49-19 from Julia Kozak. The house was renovated and electricity was installed.

Sharon attended Kingman and Round Hill High School. In 1965 Sharon married Richard Soady. They have one son Ricky and reside in Kingman.

Larry also attended Kingman and Round Hill High School, graduating in 1970. Larry's interests were hunting, trapping, mechanical work and rebuilding his own cars. He is presently employed in gasoline construction with Miles Industries at Wabamun, Alberta. He is engaged to Miss Ann Hancock of Wabamun with the wedding date set for July 12, 1980.

KOZAK, Joseph & Rosalia - Joseph Kozack is the son of Jacob and Caroline Kozack. He played baseball and softball with the Kingman teams. Joe, with his brothers, John, and Steve played clarinet and saxophone for many socials, house dances, and wedding dances. In those days it was 25 cents to 75 cents a night or sometimes just for fun and your lunch. Joe served in the army in World War II and after his discharge he worked in Vancouver, British Columbia.

In 1952 Joe married Rosalia (Rosie) Sereda and they reside on the original Jacob and Caroline Kozack homestead. For 12 years they lived in the log house that was built in 1905. This house still stands but a new house was built in 1963. In 1967 they retired from farming. Joe joined the Rythym Kings Orchestra and played with them for I I years.

Joe and Rosie have three children: Robert, Audrey and William. They all attended Kingman and Camrose Composite High School. Robert is an apprentice heavy duty mechanic in Edmonton. Audrey does secretarial work and is married to John Thomas of Lindsay, Ontario. They reside in Camrose. William lives in Edmonton and works for Air Canada at the International Airport.

KOZAK, Tom and Marie - contributed by Bill and Gladys Douglas - Tom and Marie came to Canada from a village called Kolenden and Chortkiew, Austria. in 1901. They came by boat to Eastern Canada, then by rail to Strathcona, which later became part of Edmonton. They lived with a family by the name of Maudiko, at Rabbit Hill. The women would pick berries, which the men sold in Strathcona, and bought groceries.

The men would travel by horse and wagon in search of homestead land. Tom found homestead land in the Kingman area, and settled there. The land description was N.W.1/4-18-49-19-4. A small log house with a sod roof was built in 1903. It was built close to the property line on the east side of the quarter. This house had a dirt floor, and when Marie would clean house for Sunday, she would first dampen the ground with water, then sweep it with a broom made from willows A bed was made by pounding four pegs Into the ground and a box built on them. A large sack filled with hay was used as a mattress.

This homestead land was very heavily treed. Tom and Marie would clear small patches of land to grow grain and vegetables, each year enlarging them by clearing more bush away. They did their seeding by hand and used a homemade rake to cover the seed. The wheat was cut with a scythe and threshed with a homemade flail (the Ukrainians called a flail a "cheepe"). A stone grinder was used to make flour for baking and cooking.

Marie was very handy with a single barrel gun, she would hunt rabbits, prairie chickens and partridge. Quite often she would shoot a bird right from her window as they wandered by, and she would have fresh bird for dinner.

Tom and his brother, Jack, worked on the railroad in southern Alberta the first two summers he was on the homestead. They walked home, cross country from Wetaskiwin, carrying groceries on their backs. At that time the railroad went as far as Wetaskiwin only.

As years went by Tom bought some horses to do the farming, some were broncos, so there were many runaways. The horses were used to thresh the grain by driving them in a circle over the stooks, this would shell the kernels out of the heads. Wheat was hauled to Mundare by team to be ground into flour. Large quantities of flour would be brought back. The horses were their means of travel to towns, to church and to visit friends.

Logs were cut on the homestead, then hauled to Mundare and sold to build houses in that town. They also provided logs for the first Ukrainian Church at Round Hill.

Firewood and butter were taken to Camrose and sold to buy groceries and clothing.

As things progressed Tom purchased more farm animals and two more quarters of land. His first house and buildings were moved to a new location, approximately 400 feet from the west line of the same quarter. They lived in the small house while Tom and Jack built a second house. It was a larger house and was also built from logs, and was used right up to the time it burnt down in February 1960.

His first car was a Model T Ford, purchased in 1920. The second car was a 1926 Dodge. Once Tom drove his Dodge right in and through the back garage wall, hollering "Whoa-Whoa", thinking it would stop like the horses did. He drove out into the field, made a big circle and drove back into the garage again.

An Allis-Chalmers steel wheeled tractor was bought at a sale in 1940. It was the one and only tractor Tom had In his days of farming.

Tom and Marie had a large family consisting of seven boys and eight girls, Annie of Camrose, Alberta was born in 1901. She married Joe Partrick (deceased 1976). She has one daughter and three sons, Gladys, Rudy, Elmer, and Ernie.

Martin, of Camrose, Alberta was born in 1904. He married Elizabeth Skorochid. They have five daughters, Rachail, Gloria, Teresa, Marjorie and Beverly.

Ludic of Round Hill was born in 1905. He married Annie Patrick. They have two daughters, Marie and Joyce, two sons, Myron and Joe.

Mary of Drumheller, Alberta was born in 1907. She married Bill Bosovich (deceased 1972). She has one son, Sandy.

Lena was born in 1908 and died in infancy.

Amy of Dodds, Alberta was born in 1909. She married John Patrick. They have two sons, Bernie and Dennis.

Johnny of Ryley, Alberta was born in 1912. He married Clara Klawitter. They have two daughters, Geraldine and Evelyn.

Josie of Vancouver, B.C., was born in 1913. She married Percy Fitzpatrick.

Emily of Arlington, Wash. U.S.A., was born in 1915. She married Ito Soma. They have one son and two daughters, Lyle, Irene and Darlene.

Ellen of Clearbrook, British Columbia was born in 1918. She married Val Daigneault.

Julie of Vancouver, British Columbia was born in 1919. She married Clem Petrie. They have one daughter, Joanne.

Myron of Tsawwassen, British Columbia was born in 1922. He married Pearl Taylor. They have two daughters, Arlene and Marilyn.

Eddie and Tony (twins) of Camrose, Alberta were born in 1925. Tony married Gwen Kozack. Eddie is a confirmed bachelor.

Rudy (deceased) was born in 1927. He married Gwen Cornelius. She has three daughters and one son, Brenda, Valarie, Colleen and Eldon.

The older children attended school in the home of a doctor in Kingman for a short period, then went to Farmington school until a school was built in Kingman. Most of the children participated in various sports such as ladies' ball teams and men's ball teams, particularly on sports days. The boys played hockey in the winter. In the earlier days the children along with their cousins, had names for all the sloughs and lakes in the area. This was their way of knowing just where to meet to hunt or fish.

Tom resided on the farm until he passed away in 1949, at the age of 72. At this time Eddie and Tony took over the farming. Marie resided on the farm until she took up residence at Rosehaven in Camrose, Alberta. She passed away in 1967 at the age of 87 years.The farms were sold to Vernon Horte in 1968.

The family of the late Tom and Marie Kozack held a reunion on the weekend of July 14th and 15th, 1979 at Camrose, Alberta. Over eighty people were in attendance for the occasion, the oldest member being 77 years and the youngest member only two weeks old. Much of the time was spent recalling old times and becoming acquainted with new members of the family.

KOZAK, John Iwan - by Annie C. Kozak - John Kozak, born 1868 in Kolenden. Chortkiew, Austria, was the oldest son of Theodore (Teodore) Kozak (1837-1909). The other members of the family were Pete (Dmetro) Jack (Jacob), a half-brother Toni (Mathew) and half sister Barbara (Varvara). The country was known as Galicia, but was under Austrian rule so John had to do military service in the Austrian Cavalry. About 1888 he married Palahna Zabiaka, daughter of Kolenden's policeman. They lived on a small piece of land and earned their living by weaving cloth and working in the fields of the large landowner ("pans"). To own a "morg" of land was equivalent to our four acres and was considered good.

About this time the Canadian Government, through agents, was looking for settlers. Some villagers had immigrated to what was then known as the Northwest Territories. So in 1900 John and Palahna and 5 children came to Edmonton. It had been recorded that about 1200 Ukrainians (Galicians) came to Canada that year. Some settled around Winnipeg, Regina, Saskatoon, but most came to Edmonton.

John's brother Pete and his wife Mandy (Malania) accompanied the family on their journey. The 2 families were welcomed at Strathcona House till they moved to Rabbit Hill. In 1901 they were joined by brothers Jack and Tom and their families. They stayed with family friends, helping with farm work and looking for suitable land. The 4 brothers filed on adjoining homesteads in the Kingman area.

John built a log house on the southeast corner of his quarter, Section 18-49-19 W4. But because of lack of water, he moved the buildings to a site in the centre of the south side, along the road, where the present yard is situated. Here he built a mud-plastered log house with a huge clay oven ("peech") in one room. This oven was built in such a manner that it was used for baking inside and for sleeping on top.

This was a land of plenty. There were trees for building and firewood - something that was highly prized and scarce in the old country. Rabbits, ducks, prairie chickens, berries and fish from the creek running through the farm gave them food. About this time John's father Theodore and halfsister Barbara came to live with Pete and Mandy on the SW quarter of Section 18-49-19 W4, just half a mile west of John's home. Barbara married Joseph Scabar and made her home in Round Hill.

John and Palahna were very religious and kind, sharing their food and home with anyone in need. The doors of the house were never locked. Many people came to be treated by John's "Rheumatism machine" and Palahna's herb remedies.

During the next few years John bought from the CPR the NW quarter of Section 19-49-19 W4, now owned by Bill Stirrett and the SE quarter of Section 25-29-19 W4, now owned by Robert Peterson. He and his family raised horses, cattle, pigs and grain as well as poultry. They always had a large garden and it was not unusual to harvest a wagon box of potatoes and turnips and have it all gone by spring. Potatoes cooked in a huge iron pot, outside, was a daily chore in feeding pigs.

In the days of sugar rationing John had honey bees. I recall one Sunday morning he was ready to drive to church, but first checked his bees. Rarely was he ever stung by the bees, but this time they attacked him. His nose swelled up almost closing his eyes, forcing him to miss Mass at the Greek Catholic Church in Round Hill. Such pain!

Palahna and John spent all their lives on the homestead and lived to see farming by tractors, travelling by cars and airplanes as well as the wonders of gas lights, electricity and radio. Their first radio was a Marconi powered by batteries and aerial.

Fifteen children were born to them, 3 dying in infancy. Steve (Jim Gorman) born 1888 in Kolenden, Chortkiew, was a boxer and a bachelor and died September 27, 1968, in Vancouver, British Columbia. Sophie, born September 21, 1891, in Kolenden, Chortkiew, died August 1956. She married Harry Mostowich, and had 10 children, namely, Steve, John, Sam, Annie, Art, Victor, Joe, Anton and Carrie. Anton's twin sister died in infancy. Myrtle, born 1895, in Kolenden, Chortkiew, died January 1963. She married Art Raham and had 5 children: Elmer, Orville, Lorne and Vern. A daughter died in infancy. Vern became a movie actor under the name "Vern Gray". One of his movies was "With Love to Paris." Mary, born 1898, in Kolenden, Chortkiew, died January 1964. She married Joseph Zarski and had 4 children, Edward, Olga, Julie, and Gladys. Michael, born in Kolenden, Chortkiew, 1899, died January 31, 1959, married Josephine Cassidy, who lives in Vancouver.

Annie was the first Canadian, born in 1903 at Rabbit Hill, died December 31, 1954. She married Nick Sweryda and had one son Frank. Nick, born 1904 in Rabbit Hill, died in 1961. He was married in California and had one son Bill, who lives in California. Ludwig was born in 1905 in Rabbit Hill and died November 28, 1970. He married Annie Holowatiuk and had 2 children, Theodore Laurence and Yvonne Janice. Ted and I live on the homestead in Kingman. Yvonne, Al and family live in Edmonton, Alberta. Mildred born February 5, 1907, in Kingman, married Gorman Griffin and lives in Red Deer. Margaret born 1908, died June 2, 1966. She married Bill Alderson and had 2 daughters, Thelma and Cheryl, who live in Vancouver, B.C, and the United States. Sam (Simeon), born 1910, in Kingman, Alberta, died August 10, 1978. He married Eileen McPhee and had 1 son David who lives in Vancouver. Julia, born December 30, 1912, in Kingman, married Louis Kozak and has twins Dolores and Dennis and lives in Edmonton. Palahna left 27 grandchildren and 42 greatgrandchildren when she died at home October 24, 1941. John retired from farming in 1942 and Ludwig took over. After spending some time with daughter Mary in Drumheller and Annie in Vancouver, he lived his last days in Kingman. He passed away in St. Mary's Hospital, Camrose, Alberta, December 26, 1944. Grandfather Theodore died in Kingman, October 25, 1909. All are buried at the Round Hill Greek Catholic Cemetery.

KOZAK, Ludwig - by Annie C. Kozak - Ludwig, son of John and Palahna Kozak, born at Rabbit Hill, Alberta May 2nd, 1905 attended the Kingman school. He helped build the Kingman Hall and took an active part in local affairs. At an early age he earned his living by working in the coal mine at Dinant, on the railroads in Alberta and Saskatchewan and as a farm laborer. In the early twenties he moved to Newcastle Mine, Alberta where his sisters Mary, Annie and Mildred lived. He went to work for his brother-in-law Gorman Griffin who had a taxi and bus service in Drumheller, (Red Deer Valley Bus and Griff's Taxi). About 1929 Louie (as he was then known) worked in the coal mines of the Drumheller Valley: Western Gem Mine, Midland Mine, Nacmine, and others. This was seasonal work with lay-offs in the spring. So for a few years during the "Hungry 30's" Louie traveled coast to coast by way of the rails, seeing Canada and seeking employment.

In 1936 Ludwig married Annie Catherine only daughter of Fred (Teodore) and Tatiana (Miskevich) Holowatiuk. My parents came to Canada in 1911 from Mekolayiw, Radohob, Lveew, Ukraine under Austrian rule.

I was born March 9th, 1913 at Round Hill, Alberta and baptized in the Round Hill Greek Catholic Church. In 1918 my parents, brothers John and William (who was only eight months old) moved to Port Arthur, Ontario (now Thunder Bay). Here we all became ill with the 'flu except father, who took care of us.

I received my early education in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario in a Catholic School operated by Nuns. We lived near the Sault Sainte Marie Canal as well as near Pulp and Paper Mills and Steel Mills. Father suffered the loss of a toe in an accident at the steel mill, when a huge container of hot liquid steel landed on his foot. In 1920 we moved to Camrose, Alberta, where I attended the John Russell School. Seeking employment father moved us first to Big Valley, Alberta for six years, finally to Drumheller. Here I completed my High School for entrance to the Calgary Normal School. After graduating in 1932 and many frustrating applications, I taught in the Guay School in the Peace River area.

This was an era of "hard times" for municipalities that had little money to pay teachers. There were many teachers unemployed and if lucky working at any occupation they could find. It was not unusual to work at fifteen dollars a month as a maid.

In October 1935 1 taught at Millerfield, north of East Coulee, Alberta - nine children, grades one to nine. Due to no living facilities, I terminated this venture. On February 16, 1936 1 married Ludwig Kozak.

We built a house in the village of Newcastle Mine. Alberta (west of Drumheller city) but divided our time by living the winter at home and the summer on the farm in Kingman. On February 3. 1939, a son, Theodore Laurence was born in the Drumheller Hospital.

In 1940 1 attended Summer School in Calgary, Alberta, and returned to teaching for the Drumheller School Division. Each day I walked 10 miles to the school north of the Midland Mine, till in the fall we bought our first car-a 1939 Plymouth Sedan-and I learned to drive It. The next year we moved to the farm to live with Ludwig's father, who was now alone.

In 1944 I became substitute teacher at Farmington School, taking 5 year-old Theordore with me each day. Ted enjoyed himself but proved to be too much of a distraction to the school children. When Ludwig's father passed away on December 26, 1944. that ended my teaching career.

After the funeral Ludwig's brother Michael. who lived at home with us, suffered a mild heart seizure. Ted suffered a severe case of the flu with hemorrhaging, so both Mike and Ted were hospitalized at the St. Mary's Hospital in Camrose. On the advice of his doctor, Mike moved to Vancouver, B.C, to regain his health.

On March 23. 1946, Yvonne Janice was born at St. Mary's Hospital Camrose to complete our family. The next few years were busy ones. Ludwig bought his first tractor.,an Oliver Hart-Parr skeleton wheeled, bringing it from Morrin. Alberta. by rail road box-car. Horses were still used but for minor work and chores. Ludwig was active in the farmers' Union. Wheat Pool, Rural Electrical Association and all current events. He died in the Misericordia Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, on November 28. 1970.

Theodore (Ted) attended Kingman school, finishing Grade 11. He enjoyed school sports and was on the Kingman High School ball team. Leaving school, he took on various jobs such as carpentry, assistant park warden, seismograph work, service station attendant, steel mill labour, travelling from southern Alberta to Inuvik and Dawson City in the Northwest Territories and Yukon Territory. He obtained a Class "B" Hunting Guide License in 1972 and held it for three years, However, farming demanded full-time, so hunting and fishing became leisure time excursion. Ted is a bachelor, farming the homestead.

Yvonne took her schooling in Kingman and Round Hill, where she graduated from High School. She attended Vermillion Agricultural College, taking a commercial course of studies, and became a clerktypist. After working at the Camrose Booster, the Bank of Montreal and Northwestern Utilities, she married Albert (Al Krezanoski). They live in Edmonton, Alberta, and have 3 children: Jeffrey Tod, aged 6, Kristie Luan, 5, and Lyndsey Erin, 18 months.

KOZAK, Peter - Peter Kozak (2nd son of Theodore Kozak) and his wife Mandy (Melanie) came to Canada in 1900 from the village of Kolenden; Chortkiew which was under Austria at that time. They spent 2 years in the Rabbit Hill area then filed on a homestead in Kingman in 1902, along with his brothers John, Jack and Tom and their families. There they farmed and took an active part in the Round Hill Greek Catholic parish as there was no church in Kingman. They lived there until 1919, then sold their homestead to Ed Thompson.

They bought a farm at Haight, Alberta which is north of Ryley. There they took part in community affairs and the Borschiw church parish events. They helped with the building of the new church there.

Peter liked the young people very much and was known as "Uncle" by all. He would entertain them with his sense of humor and tell stories as though he read them out of a book. Peter and Mandy had one adopted daughter, Mildred. She married Peter Josey of Edmonton. They have 3 children and 1 foster son. They lived on the Kozak farm until 1960 when they moved to Holden. She is widowed now and still living in Holden.

KOZAK, Steve - (Jim Gorman) - by Annie Kozak -Steve Kozak born 1888 was the oldest child of John (Iwan) and Palahna Kozak, coming with his parents from Kolenden. Chortkiew in 1900 to Edmonton, Alberta.

At an early age he started boxing and often could be seen running along the road In Camrose, Alberta. He took the name "Gorman" when he was asked by the original owner of that name to take his fight and name. In Drumheller one of his sparring partners was George Lepard.

After boxing in the United States of America and Canada, he went to work at logging camps. Here he was involved in a serious accident having his hips crushed by logs. This crippled him for life, resulting in the use of a crutch and a special built-up boot. After several operations, his right leg was made rigid and he suffered much discomfort.

His last years he spent in a nursing home Vancouver, B.C, becoming very religious and enjoying poetry. He died in 1968, a bachelor and is buried in Vancouver, B.C.

KOZAK, Theodore - Theodore Kozak, the father of Pete, John. Jacob, Tom and Barbara (Kozak) Scabar was born in 1837 and died in 1909. Theodore and daughter Barbara immigrated to Canada from the Ukraine in 1901. He resided with his son Pete on the homestead S.W. 1/4 18-49-19-W4 near Kingman. This land is now owned by V. Horte. Theodore Kozak is buried in the Ukrainian Catholic Cemetery in Round Hill.

Pete and Mandy moved to the Haight district in 1918. They have one daughter Mildred Josey who lives in Holden. She has 3 children and 2 grandchildren.

KRAWIEC, Stan and Marlene - We came to Kingman in November of 1969. Stan became the manager of the United Grain Growers' elevator. Stan took an active interest in community affairs, and became a member of the Recreation Board. He was Scout leader and enjoyed the winter campouts. The Pee Wee hockey team was coached by Stan, to the finals in the 1470-71 season. He coached the bantam hockey, midget baseball, and also had a gymnastic class. Becoming involved with Centennial Raceways in Camrose, he raced cars until 1974.

Our first experience with local customs was when hundreds of people came to savor the traditional Scandinavian foods of lutefisk and lefsa. I recall being told if I could get the first past my nose, it was good.

Our son Stanley Jr. began skating at the local skating parties at the age of 3. The 5 years we spent in Kingman were memorable. In 1974 we returned to the area where we were raised. Stan and his brother took over the family farm at Warburg, Alberta. In May of 1978 our daughter Karolyn Anne joined the family.

KREZANOSKI, Steve & Sharon - Sharon Johanson and Steve Krezanoski were married in 1961 at the Camrose United Church. Steve worked for the Department of Highways as a surveyor and they moved to various locations in the next years. Cheryl Lynn was born December 12, 1962 in Camrose. When Cheryl was 8 months old they moved to Kingman where they rented the teacherage from the County. Dale was born August 17, 1964, while the parents were at Fort Macleod for the summer. They rented the teacherage until they purchased it from the County in 1965. Several improvements were made to the home during the time they owned it.

Steve started apprenticing for a mechanic under the direction of his father William in 1966, at the Roadside garage, on the Round Hill road. In 1967, they bought the old garage in Kingman and ran this as Kingman Motors for 2 years. This was purchased by Vernon (Bud) Myers. They purchased the garage property again to tear the building down in 1974. In 1978 this property was sold to Roy Larson, who with his son Calvin, built a house there. It was sold to Roy's daughter and husband, Cheryl and Phil Bentson, who added the store, "Cheryl's Confectionery.

Sharon and Steve during this time, spent a lot of time stock car racing at the Camrose and Wetaskiwin race tracks. On Saturdays during the summer months, one could hear hammering and car motors being tuned up all night long. There are a lot of trophies to be seen at their house from this sport.

Cory Lee arrived January 27, 1975 and the Krezanoski's decided to build a new house, with material from the old garage. So, on property where the old Beaver Lumber building stood until torn down and moved by Lloyd Bjorgum, they began building in the spring of 1976. With the whole family doing all the work and with some extra help, they moved in in May of 1978. Their old home was purchased by Lyle Day of Edmonton, who resides there now. Sharon took over as postmistress from Joan Myers in July of 1971, and is still there. Steve works at Battle River Dodge in Camrose. Cheryl is in Grade 12 and Dale, grade 10 at the Camrose Composite High School. Cory is in Kindergarten in Kingman.

KRINGENS - by Amy & Clarence - Our parents came to the Armena district in 1901. Dad came from Dell Rapids, South Dakota and mother from Sheldon, North Dakota.

In 1903 when dad was 18 years old he filed on a homestead S.E. 1/4 34-48-20-4. Here he worked at clearing and improving the land a little at a time. He cut logs to be sawed into lumber by the Grue's Saw Mill. He often worked for them.

The first pile of logs he cut was destroyed by fire. However, more logs were cut, sawed and he built a house and a small barn of slabs with a straw roof. Christine Broen and Albert Kringen were married at the Scandia Lutheran Church Oct. 15, 1910. Mother told us it was a beautiful warm sunny day. She needed only a white sheet draped over her wedding dress when she rode in the buggy two miles to the church. Dad spent some time at clearing away a large willow thicket in the centre of the yard. He used a walking plow and a team of oxen to break it. He bought the S.W. 1/4 34-48-20-4 from Per A. Grundberg in 1918. Eight horses and a Van Slyke Breaking Plow was used for breaking most of the land.

The only year we had a hailstorm which caused a total loss of our crops was In July 1923. We were returning from a program at the Scandia Lutheran Church about 11 o'clock in the evening, and Myrtle Erickson (Melsness) and Melvin Hovelson were riding with us in the democrat, when we saw a storm coming from the northwest and we were afraid of hail. Melvin and dad wondered if they should unhook the horses when they decided to try to make it home which we did. They quickly unhooked the team in front of the house and Melvin ran to the barn with the horses. We rushed into the house, mother had just enough time to light the lamp before the hail struck. The hail lasted 5 to 7 minutes. Melvin said the horses made one leap into their stall when the hail hit. What had started out as a laughing fun time on the way home became tense and quiet the last few miles.

The next morning the crops on Dick Olson's quarter by Bethlehem Church looked like summerfallow. There were dents in the siding on the west side of our house. Olaf Skalin's had many windows on their house broken. Dad said the only year he ever insured was the year after the hailstorm.

Dad was elected Councillor for Division five of the Lloyd George Municipality in 1928. He was reelected by acclamation each term and was Reeve for 8 years until he retired in February 1942. It was important in those years that the landowners be given equal work time on the road to be applied to their taxes.

Mother loved to piece quilts. Over the years she made many for the Ladies' Aid, Girls' Aid and Red Cross. In her later years quilt making became her hobby. She entered many at the Camrose Fair and this was interesting to her.

Our sister, Orpha attended Pretty Hill and Kingman Schools finishing her High School in Camrose. After working at the Telephone Office in Camrose and General Films in Vancouver she taught music for several years. She helped with music and singing groups and served as organist at the church.

Orpha passed away in November 1969. A sister Elsie died of diphtheria in 1921 when she was 6 years old. Dad died in October 1960 and mother passed away in 1974 at the age of 89 years.

We attended Pretty Hill School where all the pupils learned to ski, play baseball, dodge ball, basketball, fox and geese, duck stone, and not to smoke. We thought it was a pretty nice school as we so proudly sang...We're boys and girls of Pretty Hill School .We're very fond of learning. So many seats are in the room, there's scarcely place for turning. Don't you think we're getting smart to know our lessons all by heart. etc.

KRISTOFFERSON, Anders & Katherina (Kajsa) - Anders Kristofferson was born 1854 in Vasterbotten, Sweden. In 1880 he married Katherina Erikson born in Sweden in 1858. They had 10 children all born while they lived there. They lived at Fjelboberg. In those times this part of the country was very poor and no conveniences, so it meant a lot of hard work to provide for a family. Except for the 2 youngest, when they grew up and were able, they went to more wealthy families to work. They had heard about Canada and its wealth, so in 1906 Anders left for a strange country to look for a place to make a new home for his family. He came to Alberta and found a homestead on N.E. 18-49-20W4 near Miquelon Lake. Coming from a poor part of Sweden, this looked good to him, so he went to work cutting logs by hand, hewed them down and built a log house. In those days all buildings were built this way. The cracks were plastered with clay and if they could get calcimine they used that. Later years if they could afford it they were covered with boards of different kinds both inside and outside and painted. In those years it was considered comfortable even if they had to have a stove in each room to keep them warm in the winter. With no running water they kept water in the house in pails. It was not uncommon to get up in the morning and find ice in the water pail. At that time there was no coal to fill the stoves in the evenings. It was a big job in the winter to cut trees and have it sawed into lengths so it would fit into the stoves. The bigger pieces had to be split. That was how a lot of children got their exercise when they came home from school.

In 1907 Anders arranged for his wife, Katherina, with their 2 youngest children to come to Alberta to live with him. It was a long journey for them so their oldest daughter Kristina, born 1880, accompanied her mother.

After a few years Kristina married Jonas Anderson who had been left a widower with 2 children, Freda and Adrian. Jonas built a small house in Ander's yard for Anders and Katherina to live in and they lived in the log house. In 1923 Jonas and Kristina with their family moved to reside on their own farm just on the quarter east: N. W. 17-49-20-W4 and Katherina then sold their little house and went to live with their son Frank on S.E. 18-49-20-W4, who was batching. Albert Berg bought the homestead.

Art Kjernberg bought their little house and moved it to N.E. 17-49-20-W4. Here he lived until he sold it to Charlie Holdsworth and moved to Valleyview. The Kristoffersons lived with Frank for some years. Then they moved into another little home in the yard with their daughter Mina and her husband, John Nordin. Here they lived until their passing. Katherina passed away in January 1946. Anders felt very lonely and quickly failed in health. In April 1946 he passed away.

In Sweden it was the custom for the children to add son to their father's name for their surname e.g. Anders to Anderson. This, all Anders children did except Frank, who registered as Kristofferson.

A first son John was born in 1884. In 1910 he came to Canada with his brother Elis. John married Freda Anderson, daughter of Jonas and stepdaughter of his sister Kristina. Freda passed away in 1932 and John in 1943. They lived on a small farm on N.E. 20-49-20-W4, on the shore of Miquelon Lake. This farm is now part of Miquelon Lake Park.

Maria born 1882 passed away in 1975. She came to Canada with her sister Mina in 1903 and was married to Linus Selin. Elis born 1880, was married to Petra. Mina born 1891 passed away 1974. She was married to John A. Nordin.

Frank born 1893 came to Canada with his brother August in 1912. He was called to train in the Army during WW1 and was stationed in Quebec ready to go overseas, when they received word that the war was ended. The boys joyfully returned to their respective homes. After services he farmed for many years. Later he sold his farm to Les Coykendall and spent much of his time working in the lumber mills in the Buck Lake area. His final years were spent in the Bethany Sunset Home and he passed away in July of 1979.

Victoria, born 1895 came to Canada in 1911 and was married to Albert Berg. She passed away 1969.

August, born in 1898 passed away in 1977. He was married to Ethel TeIning and farmed in the Edberg district. Ethel TeIning taught Brandland School 1924-1925 term.

Henning, born 1901 and at present is the only one surviving of this family. After coming to Canada, he spent many years with his sister Maria and her family. He then decided to start farming on his own N.W. 31-48-20-W4 for a few years. Then he moved to Buck Lake and has resided there since, working at Saw Mills until his retirement.

Freda born 1903, passed away in 1964. She married Victor Renman and resided in the Meeting Creek district. Freda and Henning attended Brandland School.

KWOCK, Susan - (MAH) Sleigh rides! Hay rides! Ice Skating Parties! PingPong! Track Meets! Triple decker chocolate ice cream cones! Sunflower seeds and beef jerky! Hanging out at the old International General Store and just plain having a good time! Oh yes, and believe it or not, I even managed to squeeze in some learning!

These are glimpses of my past that I remember and associate with Kingman. Kingman was definitely a very small town and, like many small towns, had a great sense of community. I think my only claim to fame in that community is that my family was the only Asian family in town. Nevertheless, I'd like to think that we helped enrich the cultural experience of everyone by our interactions with the people of the community.

School in Kingman was pretty typical of the "little red schoolhouse" concept. Although the curriculum didn't offer the wide range of options that a large system could, it was adequate in helping me prepare for a higher education anywhere. I don't remember engaging in many philsophical exchanges in any of my classes but I do remember learning the basic 3 R's in a very traditional way. School was a focal point for many of us - it was a place to learn and to have fun!

Although the time period I'm referring to is a Master's Degree, 9 years of teaching in San Francisco, marriage and 2 children later, I frequently reflect back to the "good old carefree days" and wonder what's happened to this and that or what's become of so and so. Kingman will always be that part of my life that I remember with fondness.

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