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YUZOVKA`S JEWS

Vladimir V. Goncharov

Donetsk National University

It was published in: “У истоков города Донецка”. Мат-лы научно-практ. конференции.-Донецк, 1997.-С.44-45. (Materials of scientific - practical сonference.-Donetsk, 1997.-P. 44-45. (in Russian)).


The towns, as places of the concentration of trade and Industry, attracted Jews most, as the laws of the Russian Empire prohibited them to live in rural areas. Among the city population (i.e. the population of towns and townships) of Ekaterinoslav province by the end of the XIX-th century, Jews have amounted to 33.3%, while the Jewish community has amounted only to 4.8% of the whole population of the province. The increase of Jewish population in the province was equal to 112.9% in 1910.

Yuzovka was not granted an official status of a town or a township at this time. In other words it was the place where the Jews were not allowed to have permanent residence; But, the Jewish population was increasing considerably. In the a working settlement of Yuzovka in 1897 the Jewish population amounted to 11% of whole population and by 1910 it had achieved 24%.

Of course, this uncertainty of Yuzovka`s status could have been the reason of transforming it into a village. It was only the appeal of the Jewish community to Alexander III that prevented this process and saved about 300 families from expulsion.

Yuzovka was an important center of mining industry. But practically Jews did not work in the mines as blacksmiths, locksmiths and machinists. For example, at the metallurgical plant of the Novorossiysk joint-stock company Jewish workers amounted to 1% only. They often occupied leading positions working as managers and salesmen in the mines.

The Jews of Yuzovka were predominant in trade as well as at the cottage industry and craftsmanship. They succeeded in producing strong drinks and in keeping brasseries.

Being wine-merchants, Jews invested a considerable amount of money in building the Orthodox Church in Yuzovka. Jews were predominant in trading there. There they contacted with other ethnic groups. But, these contacts were not always positive. In 1875 and 1891 the employees and miners of Yuzovka went on strike which caused many material damages and physical injuries to the members of the Jewish community.

Every nation has its own history in the multi-national environment. Each nation can not develop separately. The above mentioned material makes it possible to show the active exchange of national cultures, which in turn, lead to the understanding of history, culture of different peoples living in the Donbass region.

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