Eden Hole :
Next longest ( of the par 3's ) would be the 'Eden' hole, fashioned after the 11th at St. Andrews (A.K.A. High Hole-In), whose severely sloping back-to- front putting surface remains one of the most fearsome in golf. Original Macdonald/Raynor/Banks versions usually present teardrop shaped greens, falling in a yardage range between 160 to 175 yards. Aesthetically, their Eden holes have some of the most picturesque greenside bunkering on the course. Pinched in front by a representation of 'Strath's' pot bunker on the right and 'Hill' bunker on the left, Macdonald always installed an 'Eden' bunker behind the green representing the shoreline of the Eden River behind St. Andrews' 11th green. Strath's bunker, of course, is named for the great Davie Strath and his many unsuccessful bouts with this pit. Greenside left we find Hill bunker, so called because its cape creates a downhill slope in the putting surface. Most renditions include a 'Shelley' (or 'Cockleshell') bunker short right of the green. There are so many fine Eden holes that its difficult to identify the best one. However, there is a strong consensus that the 11th at Fishers Island, framed by Long Island Sound in the background, may be as good as it gets. Macdonald felt there should be an intimidating hazard fronting the Eden hole because at the turn of the century golfers sometimes played short of the hole (even using putters) and chipped on to avoid disaster. In addition, a topped ball was not punished. At the National Golf Links, Macdonald placed the 13th Eden green on the far side of a stretch of water to combat this.
Basic criteria: Usually a slightly teardrop-shaped green with the "pointed" part facing the tee-box. In the strictest sense it is guarded by a bunker called "Hill" on the left, a replication of "Strath's" bunker off center in front .... this should be a pot bunker but often is not. Strath's bunker sometimes has evolved into just a mundane bunker along the right side of the green. Yes there should be a bunker behind the green representing the beach of the Eden River behind the 11th St. Andrews. Another bunker called "Shelly" or "Cockleshell" is short right of the green - this is a large bunker and is in the rough shape of a cockleshell. By the way "Hill" bunker is called that because it creates a raised area in the putting surface ( see overhead map below ).
An overhead of the 11th hole at St. Andrews. Image courtesy of Mark Huxford
The 11th hole at St. Andrews, the original Eden. Courtesy of GCA.com
The green should be tilted pretty severely from rear to front and balls above the hole at St. Andrews often roll off the front of the green and are "funneled" into the Strath pot bunker. The Eden green at St Andrews is so severe that is not uncommon when balls are putted from the rear that they often go off the green and are captured in the sloped surround of the pot bunker and roll into it.
Most architects use this strategy on their courses but they love to modify it hoping no one will notice they have copied the great "Eden"
The 11th hole at Fisher's Island, from the tee.