|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The notion that geniuses such as Shakespeare, Mozrat and Picasso were "gifted" or possessed innate talents is a myth, according to a study by a British psychologist. After examining outstanding performances in the arts and sport, Professor Micheal Howe and colleagues at Exeter University, concluded that excellence is determined by opportunities, encouragement, training, motivation, self-confidence and most of all - practice.
The theory represents a radical break with traditional beliefs, but has been applauded by academics worldwide. It has significant implications for teachers and parents, not least because children who are not thought to be gifted are being denied the encouragement they need to succeed.
Research had shown strong correlations between the level of performance of student violinists and the number of hours they practices.
Even people who were not thought to have special talent could, after training, reach levels previously considered attainable only by gifted individuals.
The authors took as their starting point the "widespread belief that to reach high levels of ability a person must possess an innate potential called Talent".
They said it was important to establish whether the belief was correct because it had social and educational consequences affecting selection procedures and training.
Even those who were believed to be exceptionally talented, whether in music, mathematics, chess or sports, required lenghty periods of instruction and practice. Mozart produced his best work only after a long period of training. It was not until he had been immersed in music for 16 years that he first produced and acknowledged masterwork.