101.1 Discuss the basic requirements for each of the following Navy Occupational Safety and Health (NAVOSH)Programs:

a. Respiratory Protection - Many repairs performed at naval facilities generate air contaminants which can be dangerous if inhaled. Local exhaust ventilation is the best means for protecting personnel from exposure, however this may not always be feasible. In such situations, appropriate respiratory protection shall be used to ensure personnel protection shall be used to ensure personnel protection. A respiratory protection program shall be established and maintained as per OPNAVINST 5100.23D. A program manager shall be appointed in writing by the Commanding Officer or Officer in Charge. The manager is responsible for implementing program requirements. Persons requiring respiratory protection shall have it provided to them by the Navy. Persons requiring respiratory protection shall have it provided to them by the Navy. Persons who must enter an area where the use of respiratory protection is required shall be provided and use appropriate equipment. Personnel shall be fit tested and medically qualified to wear the respirator being issued.

b. Hearing Conservation - Noise exposure has been recognized as an occupational hazard related to certain tasks. Exposure to either blast noise (gunfire, rocket fire, etc.) or from continuous sounds such as aircraft engines can deteriorate the auditory fitness of Navy personnel. Personnel must be able to hear well enough for adequate communication. The goal of the Hearing Conservation Program is to prevent occupational hearing loss. The program shall identify potentially hazardous noise levels. The use of personnel hearing protection devices are used as a protective measure. Periodic hearing testing shall be conducted. Education on hazardous noise is required.

c. Sight Conservation - Navy policy requires that Navy personnel exposed to eye hazardous areas or operations are provided adequate eye protection at government expense. Some hazardous areas include welding, sand blasting, milling and drilling areas. Any persons entering a posted eye hazard area shall be required to wear eye protective equipment. Eyewash stations are located where water is not readily available.

d. Personal Protective Equipment- PPE is employed to reduce or eliminate personal exposure to hazards. Activities shall provide necessary protective equipment where there is a reasonable probability that the use of the equipment will prevent or reduce the severity of injury or illness. PPE is simply a last line of defense and any equipment breakdown failure or misuse immediately exposes the worker to the hazard. All personnel will be familiar with the use of PPE.

101.2 Define the following terms as they apply to Naval Air Training and Operating Procedures Standardization (NATOPS) and Maintenance Instruction Manuals (MIM's):

a. "Shall" - means a procedure that is mandatory.

b. "Should" - means procedure is recommended.

c. "May" - means procedure is optional.

d. "Will" - indicates futurity and never indicates any degree of requirement for application of a procedure.

101.3 Discuss the following as they apply to hangar deck safety:

a. Portable fire extinguisher - classified according to the type of fire they are designed to extinguish. They shall be located on normal paths of travel so as to be readily accessible and immediately available in the event of fire.

b. Fire Lanes - lanes suitable for firefighting equipment shall be clearly marked and kept clear.

c. Smoking/Open flame - smoking or open flames shall not be permitted within 50 feet of parked aircraft, hangars, bays, etc.

d. Aircraft ground - aircraft shall be electrically grounded during all maintenance evolutions. Tie down chains do not provide adequate ground path and shall not be used to ground aircraft.

104.4 Discuss "HERO" (Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Ordnance)conditions, and the safety precautions associated with handling "CAD's" (Cartridge Actuated Devices):

HERO is concerned with the accidential actuation of electroexplosive devices (EED's) or otherwise activating electrically initiated ordnance do to radio frequency electromagnetic fields. Equipment which produce useful internal signals, or generate, transmit, receive, store, process or utilize information in the broadest sense shall not be used during explosives loading operations. This may include communications, radar, sonar, countermeasures, navigation, computers, test equipment, etc. CAD's should be treated as explosives.

104.5 Discuss the following safety precautions for lifting an aircraft:

a. Wing and fuselage

The entire aircraft may be lifted at the wing and aft fuselage jack points. Aircraft are generally lifted for performing landing gear tests, removing and installing nose and main gears, and leveling the aircraft. Do not unlatch or latch the forward upper cargo door with the airplane on jacks. Jack on a level surface for support of each jack. The jacking site should be protected from the wind, preferably in a hangar. A tail support should be installed as a precaution as the aircraft center of gravity moves aft when jacked.

b. Nose and main

Do not jack fuselage station 218.0(forward fuselage jack point) in conjunction with fuselage station 995.0 (aft fuselage jack point). Severe structural damage will occur if the wing jacks are released while the jacks are raised at both fuselage jack points.

c. Emergency procedures:

c. Emergency procedures - An airplane that has belly-landed or has landed with one collapsed landing gear can be lifted, utilizing pneumatic bags under the wings and fuselage. When the airplane is resting on a runway of equivalent hard ground surface, there should be adequate clearance for pneumatic bag placement. When the airplane has plowed into soft ground, it will be necessary to undermine the airplane lifting areas to enable placement of pneumatic bags.

101.6 Discuss the safety precautions for handling Skydrol (hydraulic fluid).

a. Before performing any operation on the hydraulic system, personnel should read and thoroughly understand the following precautions to be observed when working with skydrol. Long exposure to Skydrol can cause skin dehydration and chapping.

b. Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water before starting work.

c. Apply barrier cream to hands, wrists, and forearms. Rub cream under the fingernails and into creases in the skin.

d. Wear goggles when pressure testing components or systems, and at any time there is possibility of Skydrol splashing into the eyes.

e. If Skydrol splashes into the eyes, treat eyes immediately by irrigating thoroughly with clear cold water, and report the incident.

f. Wash hands, wrists, and forearms with soap and hot water whenever they have been in contact with Skydrol.

g. If clothing becomes soaked with Skydrol, remove it as soon as possible, thoroughly wash the skin, and put on clean clothing.

101.7 Discuss the safety precautions associated with Liquid Oxygen (LOX).

a. Do not service LOX converters in an unsheltered area during inclement weather (rain, snow, etc.). Moisture can easily enter the vent port of the fill buildup vent valve and supply manifold. Moisture will freeze immediately on contact with LOX rendering pressure closing and relief valve or both inoperative. This situation, if undetected, will lead to critical over pressurization and explosion of the LOX converter. LOX converters shall be drained in a well ventilated, clean area with limited access and protection from inclement weather so designated by the type commander. A drip/drain pan with sides at least 6 inches high and free from dirt, grease, oil, fuel, hydraulic fluid, and other hydrocarbons, shall be used when draining LOX converters. Two qualified persons shall be present when draining the LOX converters, one of which will be designated safety observer. A maximum of two LOX converters can be drained at one time.

b. Do not operate LOX equipment unless qualified or are working under the supervision of qualified personnel.

c. Use only MIL-O-27210 Type II LOX.

d. Wear goggles or a face shield.

e. Do not handle with bare hands any tubing or fittings through which LOX is flowing. Wear clean, dry gloves when handling parts of equipment cooled by LOX.

f. Wear a rubber coated, cotton duck, impermeable apron when working with LOX. The apron shall be tied or secured in a fashion that would make it easy to remove in an emergency.

g. Wear cuffless coveralls. The coverall shall be worn over the gloves and the top of the shoes, so that in the event of LOX spillage, the LOX will roll off the clothing and not become trapped in the gloves or boots.

h. Approved type LOX boots shall be worn.

i. In the event of accidential contact with LOX, quickly thaw the expoxed area, preferably by immersion or by bathing the area with large amounts of water. After the rapid thaw, wrap the exposed area loosely with clean dry dressing and report to a doctor immediately.

j. Do not permit smoking, open flames, or sparks in the LOX handling area.

k. Do not carry matches in LOX handling areas.

l. Ensure all LOX equipment left outdoors is sheltered from the elements.

m. Keep work area and equipment free of oil, grease or any other combustible material.

n. Keep tools and clothing free of oil and grease.

o. Avoid spilling LOX on the floor or deck areas. In case of accidential spillage, ventilate the area.

p. Always call LOX by its proper name, not to confuse it with compressed air. Never use oxygen in place of compressed air for any reason.

q. Handle converters, storage tanks and transfer hoses with care to avoid damage to the insulating space.

r. Prior to filling the converter, check safety wire and relief valve and pressure closing valve for security.

101.8 Discuss the safety precautions associated with gaseous oxygen.

a. Gaseous oxygen is extremely hazardous when used in the presence of readily combustible materials. Do not permit oil, grease, gasoline, kerosene, aviation fuel or any other readily combustible material to come in contact with oxygen.

b. Only oxygen conforming to MIL-27210, Type I shall be used in aircraft gaseous oxygen systems.

c. Exercise care that compressed oxygen does not become contaminated in anyway with hydrogen, hydrocarbon gases, or oil base liquids as a serious explosion can occurr.

d. Oil or grease must never be allowed to come into contact with or be used in the presence of open cylinders, valves, regulators, gages or fittings. Fire or explosion can result.

e. Never lubricate oxygen valves, regulators, gages or fittings with oil or any substance except an approved oxygen compatible lubricant such as Type III Krytox or Type III Tribolube 16.

f. Hands should be clean and free from oil. Do not wear greasy gloves or clothes.

g. A spark is not necessary to cause a fire or explosion. The chemical reaction of having fuel gases and oils combine with oxygen is sufficent to develop spontaneous combustion, and could cause a fire or explosion.

h. Never permit oxygen cylinders to come in contact with electrical welding circuits or apparatus.

i. Never use oxygen from a cylinder without reducing the pressure through a pressure reducing regulator.

j. Never mix other gases or compressed air in an oxygen cylinder.

k. Never test for pipe line leaks or blow-out pipe lines with oxygen unless the lines are specifically made for that.

101.9 Discuss the safety precautions that must be observed during fueling operations.

a. Do not operate radio, radar, or any other electrical or electronics equipment on the aircraft except as specified.

b. Ground the fuel supply unit and aircraft.

c. Make certain the fueling source contains the proper fuel grade as specified by the engine manufacturer.

d. No smoking around the aircraft while fueling.

e. Check that the main gear inboard doors are closed before fueling.

101.10 Discuss the safety precautions observed for an open fuel cell.

a. Have area approval and identify the area as an open fuel cell area. The area must be approved by the Maintenance Officer, Fire Marshall and Safety Officer. An additional 50 foot requirement may apply if exhaust purge is used. Warning signs will read "DANGER, OPEN FUEL TANKS, UNAUTHORIZED PERSONNEL KEEP OUT."

b. All portable electrical equipment and connections shall meet the requirements of the National Electrical Code for Class I, Division I, Group D Hazardous Locations. All areas shall have 2 approved, fully-charged fire extinguishers. Additional extinguishers shall be provided as required by the station Fire Marshal.

c. Adjacent aircraft shall not be allowed to operate under their own power within 100 feet of the repair area.

101.11 Discuss Operational Risk Management (ORM).

Operational Risk Management is a systematic, decisionmaking process used to identify and manage hazards that endanger naval resources. ORM is a tool used to make informed decisions by providing the best baseline of knowledge and experience available. Its purpose is to increase operational readiness by anticipating hazards and increasing the potential for success to gain the competitive advantage in combat. ORM is not just related to naval aviation; it applies across the warfighting spectrum.

ORM employs 5 steps:

1. Identify hazards

2. Assess hazards

3. Make risk decisions

4. Implement controls

5. Supervise