The plural form of the pronoun is always the singular with the addition of -l, and therefore will not be shown.
Person | Subject | Dir. Object | In. Obj/Obj. Prep. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1st | ale | dale | aule | |
2nd | teme | seme | tume | |
3rd | ne | fe | nue |
Person | Sing. | Plural |
---|---|---|
1st | (a)dec | (a)dalec |
2nd | (e)sec | (e)selec |
3rd | (i)fec | (i)filec |
Possessives may be made gender-specific to the owner of the object. This is especially reccommended with third-person referral. The vowel before the final -c is simply changed to reflect the appropriate gender.
ifec-its
ifoc-his
ifac-hers
The posessive pronouns may be used on their own, in the context "The cat is mine," or as suffixes to the posessed noun in the context "Lily is my cat." The noun should be marked for plural before the addition of the posessive suffix.
Lea mirané thes adac--The cat is mine.
Lili thes miranedec--Lily is my cat.
Lili o Sam thel miraneladec--Lily and Sam are my cats.
In the case of serial posession, each noun takes the appropriate pronoun ending:
lea eronata minthofac miranefoc hamejefec--The woman's son's cat's name (lit. The woman son-hers cat-his name-its)
It should also be noted that the possessive pronouns are always used in place of some construction like the English "'s":
Lili thes Kari miranefac--Lily is Carrie's cat.
ale lea ressod dem ale fo belut dem lea mirané terues--I gave the cat to the boy who I saw. (lit. I the boy RC I him saw RC the cat gave)
Greg lea ressod dem neo fo belut dem lea mirané terues--Greg gave the cat to the boy who he saw.
Query | This | That | Some | No | Any | Every | |
Adjective | kur (which) |
this | that | some | ivi (no) |
any | every |
Person | dwom (who) |
this | that | someone | ceriv (no one) |
anyone | everyone |
Thing | griv (what) |
this | that | something | jebiv (nothing) |
anything | everything |
Place | dwul (where) |
here | there | somewhere | regiv (nowhere) |
anywhere | everywhere |
Time | tev (when) |
now | then | sometime | mimiv (never) |
any time | always |
Way | buth (how) |
thus | in that way | in some way | ruziv (in no way) |
in any way | in every way |
Reason | sif (why) |
because | for that reason | for some reason | coviv (for no reason) |
for any reason | for every reason |
Amount | tuv (how much) |
this much | that much | some amount | zimiv (none) |
any | all there is |