There is a side of Narcolepsy that many have mentioned in support
groups often. It is the odd "Memory Impairment". Or lack of either short
term or long term memory. And in some cases, both. Currently there
is no treatment (at least in the USA) "for this side of the disease".
Piracetam (a.k.a. Nootropil & a.k.a. Nootropyl) "Definition: Long version"
"...It helps boost intelligence without being toxic or addictive.
Piracetam is very similar in
chemical
structure to the amino
acid pyroglutamate, present in meat, vegetables, fruits,
and dairy products. Piracetam stimulates the cerebral
cortex and increases the rate of metabolism and energy level
of brain cells. It does not have the side effects associated with
other
stimulants. The primary clinical use is
to protect the brain from damage caused by hypoxia,
which is oxygen starvation, and to help recover from it. Brain cells can
be starved for oxygen by drinking too much alcohol, for example. Another
clinical use is stemming memory loss caused by physical injury and chemical
poisoning. Reference
And even in the case of "sleep
Apnea" where most people would normally be required to use
continuous
positive airway pressure device. (CPAP) Otherwise they would
become in a state of hypoxia. Piracetam is being studied for these and
many other possible health problems.
Piracetam is a member of the class of drugs known as nootropics. Nootropics are known commonly as cognitive enhances. Piracetam is similar in molecular structure to the amino acid pyroglutamate. Piracetam and pyroglutamate have the same base chemical structure, the 2-oxo-pyrrolidine, but they differ by a side chain. Pyroglutamate is 2-oxo-pyrrolidine carboxylic acid, and piracetam is 2-oxo-pyrrolidine acetamide.
Piracetam was created about 30 years ago by UCB
laboratories. Other trade names include: Avigilen, Cerebroforte,
Cerebrospan, Cetam, Dinagen, Encefalux, Encetrop, Euvifor, gabacet, Genogris,
Memo-Puren, Nootron, Nootrop, Nootropil, Nootropyl, Normabrain, Norzetam,
Pirroxil, Psycotron, Stimucortex, and UCB-6215. Reference
Piracetam is reported to enhance cognitive functions of the brain. It is said to enhanced memory, attention, intelligence, etc. It is commonly known as a " smart drug " for this reason. There is very little empirical evidence to support this claim in healthy individuals. However for those who do take piracetam, some report a antidepressant like feeling as well. Therefore, for some who take it for another condition and might normally take it with a SSRI for example. Piracetam alone may reduce the need for the other to be taken as well. Piracetam is believed to increase blood flow between the two hemispheres of the brain. It's also been reported to protect brain tissue from various physical and chemical abrasions such as alcohol damage. The reported experiences alone merit its investigation for other possible uses.
Currently in europe and throughout different parts of the world, piracetam is being used for the following purposes and treatments. Alzheimer, Elderly Drivers, Children with dyslexia, Parkinson, ADD, and alleviation of Cognitive Disorders an/or impairment(s). And in the USA, (yes I said USA) it is being used, (Not with the consent or endorsement of the FDA) as a complementary treatment in Down Syndrome. With a Doctors prescription there are a few "compounding companies" that will fill the prescription order in the USA. And there are sources outside the USA to provide it with or without a prescription. But this is still classified as a unproved drug since not being given another classification by the FDA. (Again, always use under a doctors supervision due to its possible interactions with other medications etc)
: Piracetam
will begin trials in the USA for its possible treatment of "myoclonic
[seizures]" (See information at end of section on piracetam below) Piracetam
has a informal study being done. For the treatment of Down
Syndrome. In the USA.
Piracetam and it's Licensed Uses in the U.K. (United Kingdom):
Mental function disorders, Mental function impairment, Cerebrovascular
disorders,
Vertigo, Alcholism, Cerebral trama, Mental function impairment
in the elderly, Cerebral infarction, and Dyslexia in children.
A.) Pharmacy
Mail Exchange BBS
B.) Instructions:
Nootropil (aka Piracetam)
C.)
Erowid:
FAQ's, Links, Info
D.) Excerpts:
Book: "Smart Drugs & Nutrients"
E.)
Hyperreal
Information: Piracetam
F.) Information
& pics: Piracetam
G.)
Piracetam
& Down’s Syndrome
H.) Nootropic
interactions with psychedelics
I.)
Some
other information (unsorted)
J.) Piracetam
Research: by Dr. Leshin MD
K.) Piracetam
& References
L.) Abstract
Medical Studies
M.) Chemical
Makeup & Info
N.) Misc
Posts on News Groups
O.) Effects,
uses, & info
P.) F.A.Q's
on Piracetam
Q.) CERI's
web site for Piracetam & Downsyndrome
Myoclonus
is a condition that has merit when speaking about
the disease of narcolepsy.
Although most doctors don't make the connection. The connection,
though listening to
the patient is required here, may be apparent. Myoclonus, has a
strange and similar action
to what some people with narcolepsy have mentioned over the years.
That of a strange,
electric shock type of jerking. Usually in their arms or legs
right before falling asleep.
Not exactly like restless
leg syndrome which normally happens while the person is
asleep.
This disorder happens before the person falls asleep. The disorder
is usually more sever then just a quick "jolt". But some mild cases it
is just that. A short couple or just one jolt. Then they can fall asleep.
Recent treatments, even in the USA by physicians has also included
piracetam filled by a prescription and sent to a compounding
pharmacy. Piracetam as mentioned has been given
a grant under the FDA's
Orphan Drug testing program for its possible treatment of
Myoclonus. So further further hope for its possible commercial release
may finally be realized. (This
is not intended as a medical diagnosis.)
PRAMIRACETAM, also known as CI-879, is another chemical relative
to
piracetam, and has a similar effect in improving the operations
of the neurotransmitter
acetylcholine.
Like oxiracetam,
pramiracetam
appears to be more potent than piracetam. Although
pramiracetam
seems more potent and effective, it is less common than piracetam.
Pramiracetam
is newer, less tested, and less available. Parke-Davis
is working through the maze of FDA approval of pramiracetam to treat
Alzheimer's
disease. (Reference
click here)
A.) Piracetam
and other structurally related nootropics
B.) Kynurenic
acid & 5,7-dichlorokynurenic acids improve social & object recognition...
C.) Systemic
administration; Pramiracetam increases nitric oxide synthase activity in
cerebral cortex of the rat
D.) Elevated
corticosteroid levels block the memory-improving effects of nootropics
& cholinomimetics
E.) Pramiracetam
in young males w/ memory & cognitive problems from head injury and
anoxia
F.) Protective
effect; a novel pyrrolidone derivative, against experimental cerebral anoxia
G.) Involvement
of a steroidal component in the mechanism action of piracetam-like nootropics
H.) The
effects of nootropics on memory: new aspects for basic research
I.) Reversal
of scopolamine-induced alterations of choline transport across the blood-brain
barrier by the nootropics piracetam and pramiracetam
J.) Memory-enhancing
effects piracetam-like nootropics dependent on experimental parameters
K.) Nootropic
drugs and brain cholinergic mechanisms
L.) [Cholinergic
effects of nootropics]
M.) Effects
of nootropic drugs on brain cholinergic and dopaminergic transmission
N.) Amnesia
produced by intracerebroventricular injections of hemicholinium-3 in mice
was prevented by pretreatment with piracetam-like compounds
O.) Cholinergic
drugs support avoidance learning hypothesis, brief footshock induced analgesia
P.) The
effect of pramiracetam (CI-879) on the acquisition of a radial arm maze
task
Q.) Arousal
deficit in aged rat's quantitative EEG & ameliorative action of pramiracetam
compared to piracetam
R.) Pharmacokinetics
of oral pramiracetam in normal volunteers
S.) Amnesia-reversal
activity of a series of N-[(disubstituted-amino)alkyl] -2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetamides,
including pramiracetam
A.) Posts
MBox
B.) Faxnotes:
Childrens Med Cntr of Dallas Tx
C.) Nat'l
DSC; Position Statement
D.) Piracetam
Discussion Group
E.)
MegaBrain
Report
F.) "Piracetam
Research"
G.) "a
brief guide"
A.) "Cochrane
Injuries Group" *lists pramiracetam as possible treatment in
the U.K..
B.) "ALZHEIMER'S
DISEASE: PATHOLOGY AND TREATMENT" *treatment in the U.K..
C.) "Listed
(Pramiracetam) here as a Antidepressant used in the U.K.."
D.) "List
of research projects at Duke University. Pramiracetam had two Projects
done on it"
E.) "Dementia
of The Alzheimer Type; Research & Treatment (Pramiracetam)"