| Practical Substitutions |
|---|
| FOR | USE |
| 1 tbs cornstarch for thickening | 2 tbs flour |
| 1 cup buttermilk | 1 cup milk with 1 tbs lemon juice |
| 1 tsp baking powder | 1/4 tsp soda plus 1/2 tsp cr. tarter |
| 1 cup honey | 3/4c. sugar plus 1/4c liquid |
| 1 oz( sq) baking choc. | 3 tbs unsweetened cocoa plus 1 tbs fat |
| 1 c. cake flour | 1c all-purpose flour, less 2 tbs |
| 1 qt milk | 2c evap. milk plus 2c. water |
| 1c butter | 1c veg shortening plus 1/2 tsp salt |
| 1c coffee cream ( 20%) | 3 tabs butter plus 7/8c milk |
| 1c heavy cream (40%) | 1/3c butter plus 3/4c milk |
| 1c milk | 3 tbs dry milk plus water to make 1c |
| glove garlic | 1/8 tsp. instant minced or garlic powder |
| raw onion | 1/4c. instant chopped, minced, or flaked onion |
| anchovy fillet,1 | 1 tsp. anchovy paste |
| arrowroot | 1 tbs. cornstarch |
| breadcrumbs dried ,1/4c | 1/4c. cracker crumbs, or 2/3 c. rolled oats |
| broth, beef or chicken | I boullion cube plus 1c. boiling water |
| butter | 7 tbs shortening or 3/4c. plus 2 tbs oil ( if recipe calls for melted butter) |
| chili sauce | ketchup with a dash of hot pepper sauce or chili powder |
| chilis, canned | sauteed bell pepper plus a dash of chili powder or cayenne pepper |
| coconut milk or cream | 1c milk or cream plus 1/4 tsp coconut extract |
| dark corn syrup | 3/4c. light corn syrup plus 1/4 c light molasses |
| egg yolks,2 | 1 whole egg |
| graham cracker crumbs,1c. | 22 vanilla wafers or ginger snaps or other 2"cookies crushed |
| lemon zest, grated | 1/2 tbs lemon extract |
| milk soured, or buttermilk, 1c. | 1tbs. vinegar or lemon juice plus milk to make one cup, or 1c. milk plus 13/4 tsp crm. tarter or 1c. plain yogurt |
| tomato juice | 1/2c. tomato puree or sauce plus 1/2c. water. |
