Principaux acronymes utilisés en informatique
Retour au glossaire SCSI
ACID
Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability
ACL
Access Control List
ACM
Association for Computer Machinery
ACMS
Application Control and Management System (DEC Transaction manager)
ADT
Abstract Data Type
AEI
Application Enabling Interface
AES
Application Environment Specification (OSF)
AFS
Andrew File System
AI
Artificial Intelligence
AIX
Advanced Interactive eXecutive (IBM UNIX operating system)
ANDF
Architecture Neutral Distribution Format (OSF)
ANS
American National Standard
ANSI
American National Standards Institute
API
Application Programming Interface
APP
Application Portability Profile (NIST)
APPC
Advanced Program-to-Program Communications (IBM)
APPN
Advanced Peer-to-Peer Networking (IBM)
AR
Application Requester (IBM DRDA)
AS
Application Server (IBM DRDA)
AS/400
Application System/400 IBM)
ASCII
American National Standard Code for Information Interchange
ASN.1
Abstract Syntax Notation.1 (ISO Standard)
ATMI
Application Transaction Management Interface
B-TREE
Balanced Tree
BCNF
Boyce/Codd Normal Form
BER
Basic Encoding Rules
BLOB
Binary Large Object
BSC
Binary Synchronous Communication
C2
Minimum security level defined by National Computer Security
Center
CAD
Computer-Aided Design
CAE
Common Applications Environment (X/Open)
CAE
Computer-Aided Engineering
CAM
Computer-Aided Manufacturing
CASE
Computer-Aided Software Engineering
CCITT
Comite Consultatif International de Telegraphie et Telephonie
CCR
Commit Control and Recovery (OSI standard)
CCS
Common Communications Support (IBM SAA)
CDA
Compound Document Architecture
CDRA
Character Data Representation Architecture (IBM)
CDS
Cell Directory Service (OSF DCE)
CICS
Customer Control Information System (IBM transaction manager)
CIM
Computer Integrated Manufacturing
CISC
Complex Instruction Set Computing
CLI
Call-Level Interface
CM
Communications Manager
CMIP
Common Management Information Protocol
CMS
Conversational Monitor System (IBM)
CODASYL
Committee On Data System Languages
CORBA
Common Object Request Broker Architecture (OMG)
COS
Corporation for Open Systems International
COSE
Common Open Software Environment
CPI
Common Programming Interface (IBM SAA)
CPI-C
Common Programming Interface Communications (IBM SAA)
CPI-RR
Common Programming Interface Recovery (IBM SAA)
CPU
Central Processing Unit
CRC
Cyclical Redundancy Check
CSMA/CA
Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance
CSMA/CD
Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection
CUA
Common User Access (IBM SAA)
DA
Data Administrator
DAL
Data Access Language (Apple)
DARPA
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
DASD
Direct Access Storage Device
DB
Database
DB/DC
Database/Data Communications
DB2
Database 2 (IBM)
DBA
Database Administrator
DBCS
Double-Byte Character Set
DBM
Database Manager (or machine)
DBMS
Database Management System
DBS
Database System
DBTG
Database Task Group (subcommittee of COSASYL)
DC
Data Communications
DCE
Distributed Computing Environment
DCL
Data Control Language
DDBMS
Distributed Data Management System
DDCS
Distributed Data Connection Services/2 (IBM)
DDE
Distributed Data Exchange (MS Windows)
DDF
Distributed Data Facility
DDL
Data Definition Language
DDM
Distributed Data Management (IBM SNA)
DES
Data Encryption Standard
DFD
Data Flow Diagram
DFS
Distributed File System
DIA
Data Interchange Architecture
DIF
Data Interchange Format
DIS
Data Interpretation System (IBM)
DIS
Draft International Standard
DLL
Dynamic Link Library
DLR
Dynamic Link Routine
DME
Distributed Management Environment (OSF)
DML
Data Manipulation Language
DNA
Digital Network Architecture (DEC)
DNS
Domain Name Service
DOS
Disk Operating System
DP
Data Processing
DPL
Distributed Program Link (IBM CICS)
DPMA
Data Processing Management Association
DPROP
Data Propagator (IBM)
DRDA
Distributed Relational Database Architecture (IBM)
DS
Database Server
DSS
Decision Support System
DTP
Distributed Transaction Processing
DTS
Distributed Time Services (OSF DCE)
DUW
Distributed Unit of Work (IBM)
DXT
Data Extract (IBM)
EBCDIC
Extended Binary-Code Decimal Interchange Code
ECI
External Call Interface (IBM CICS)
ECMA
European Computer Manufacturers Association
EDI
Electronic Data Interchange
EDIF
Electronic Design Interchange Form
EHLLAPI
Emulator High-Level Language Application Programming Interface
EIS
Executive Information System
EMA
Enterprise Management Architecture
(DEC)
ER
Entity/Relationship
ESA
Enterprise Systems Architecture (IBM)
ETIS
European Telecommunications Information Service
FAP
Formats and Protocols
FAQ
Frequently Asked Questions
FD:OCA
Formatted Data Object Content Architecture (IBM)
FDBMS
Federated Database Management System
FDDI
Fiber Distributed Data Interface
FIFO
First In First Out
FIPS
Federal Information Processing Standards
FLOPS
Floating Point Operations Per Second
FMH
Function Management Header
FSM
Finite-State Machine
FTP
File Transfer Protocol
GDS
General Data Stream
GDS
Global Directory Service (OSF DCE)
GIF
Graphic Interchange Format, pronounced "jiff"
GIS
Geographic Information System
GOSIP
Government Open Systems Interconnection Profile
GUI
Graphical User Interface
HDLC
High-level Data Link Control
HPFS
High Performance File System (IBM OS/2)
HTML
HyperText Markup Language
HTTP servers
HyperText Transport Protocol
I/O
Input/Output
ID
Identifier
IDAPI
Integrated Database Application Programming Interface
IDL
Interface Definition Language
IDMS
Integrated Database Management System (Computer Associates)
IEC
International Electrotechnical Commission
IEEE
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
IGFOS
International Government Forum for Open Systems
IMS/TM
Information Management System/Transaction Manager (IBM transaction
manager)
IP
Internet Protocol
IPC
Inter-Process Communication
IPX
Internet Packet eXchange (Novell)
IRDS
Information Resource Dictionary System
IRM
Information Resource Management
IS
Information System
ISAM
Indexed Sequential Access Method
ISC
Inter-System Communication (IBM)
ISDN
Integrated Services Digital Network
ISO
International Organization for Standardization
ISV
Independent Software Vendor
IT
Information Technology
IXF
Integration Exchange Format (IBM)
JAD
Joint Application Development
JCL
Job Control Language (IBM)
JCT1
Joint Technical Committee 1 (ISO/IEC information technology committee)
JPEG
Joint Photographic Experts Group
Kerberos
Security system developed by MIT
LAN
Local Area Network
LIFO
Last In Last Out
LR
Logical Record
LSN
Log Sequence Number
LU
Logical Unit
LU2
Logical Unit Type 2
(IBM SNA host to 3270)
LU6.2
Logical Unit Type 6.2
(IBM SNA program to program)
LUW
Logical Unit of Work
MACH
UNIX operating system developed by Carnegie-Mellon
MAN
Metropolitan Area Network
MAP
Manufacturing Automation Protocol
MAPI
Mail API (Microsoft)
MIPS
Millions of Instructions Per Second
MIS
Management Information System
MLFLOPS
Millions of Floating Point Instructions Per Second
Motif
User interface developed by OSF
MP
Multi-Processor
MPE
Multi-Programming Executive (HP)
MPEG
Moving Pictures Expert Group
MPP
Massively Parallel Processing
MQI
Message Queuing Interface (IBM)
MRO
Multi-Region Operation (IBM CICS)
MSA
SNA Management Services Architecture (IBM)
MSDOS
Microsoft Disk Operating System
MTTF
Mean Time to Failure
MUMPS
Massachusetts General Hospital Utility Multi-Programming System
MVS
Multiple Virtual Storage (IBM)
NAS
Network Application Support (DEC)
NCP
Network Control Program
NCS
Network Computing System (HP/Apollo RPC mechanism)
NCSA
National Center for Supercomputing Applications
NCSC
National Computer Security Center
NDL
Network Database Language
NFS
Network File System
NIDL
Network Interface Definition Language
NIST
National Institute of Standards and Technology
NLM
NetWare Loadable Module (Novell)
NLS
National Language Support
NOS
Network Operating System
NPL
Non-procedural language
NPT
Non-Programmable Terminal
NSTL
National Software Testing Laboratory
OCR
Optical Character Recognition
ODBC
Open Database Connectivity (Microsoft)
OEM
Original Equipment Manufacturer
OLCP
On-Line Complex Processing
OLE
Object Linking and Embedding (MS Windows)
OLTP
On-Line Transaction Processing
OMG
Object Management Group
OMI
Open Messaging Interface (Lotus)
ONC
Open Network Computing (Sun)
OO
Object-Oriented
OOA
Object-Oriented Analysis
OODBMS
Object-Oriented Database Management System
OOPS
Object-Oriented Programming System
OS
Operating System
OS/2
Operating system/2 (IBM)
OSE
Open Systems Environment (POSIX)
OSF
Open Software Foundation
OSI
Open Systems Interconnection
OU
OpenLook User interface developed by Sun
PAD
Packet Assembler/Disassembler
PC
Personal Computer
PIU
Path Information Unit
PL/1
Programming Language/1 (IBM)
PLU
Primary Logical Unit
PM
OS/2 Presentation Manager (IBM)
POSC
Petrotechnical Open Software Corporation
POSIX
Portable Operating System Interface
PS
LU6.2 Presentation Services
PSDN
Packet-Switched Data Network
PTP
Peer-to-Peer
PU
Physical Unit
PWS
Programmable Workstation
QBE
Query by Example
QMF
Query Management Facility (IBM)
RAD
Rapid Application Development
RAID
Redundant (or Reliable) Array of Inexpensive Disks
RAM
Random Access Memory
RAMP
Risk Analysis and Management Program
RAS
Reliability, Availability, and Serviceability
RBA
Relative Byte Address
RDA
Remote Data Access (ISO standard)
RDB
Relational Database
RDBMS
Relational Database Management System
RDS
Remote Data Services (IBM OS/2)
RH
Request/Response Header
RID
Record Identifier
RISC
Reduced Instruction Set Computing
RM
LU6.2 Resource Manager
RMID
Resource Manager Identifier
RMS
Record Management Services (DEC)
ROSE
Remote Operations Services (ISO standard)
RPC
Remote Procedure Call
RPL
Remote Program Link
RRDF
Remote Recovery Data Facility (IBM)
RRN
Related Record Number
RRU
Request/ Response Unit
RUW
Remote Unit of Work (IBM)
SAA
System Application Architecture (IBM)
SAG
SQL Access Group
SAM
Sequential Access Method
SC21
ISO/IEC JTC1 Sub-Committee for OSI, data management and DTP
SCSI
Small Computer System Interface
SDK
Software Developer's Kit
SDLC
Synchronous Data Link Control
SDM
Semantic Data Model
SLIP Connection
Serial Line Internet Protocol
SLU
Secondary Logical Unit
SMP
Symmetric Multiprocessing
SMS
System Managed Storage (IBM)
SNA
Systems Network Architecture (IBM)
SNADS
Systems Network Architecture Distributed Services (IBM)
SNMP
Simple Network Management Protocol
SPARC
Scalable Processor Architecture
SPI
System Programming Interface
SPX
Sequenced Packet eXchange (Novell)
SQL
Structured Query Language
SRPI
Server-Requester Programming Interface (IBM)
SSCP
System Services Control Point
SVID
UNIX System V Interface Definitions
SVR4
UNIX System V Release 4
TC
Transmission Control layer
TCP/IP
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
TDS
Tabular Data Stream (Sybase)
TH
Transmission Header
TIFF
Tagged Image File Format
TLI
Transport Level Interface
TM
Transaction Manager (Tandem transaction manager)
TMF
Transaction Monitoring Facility
TOP
Technical and Office Protocol
TP
Transaction Program
TPC
Transaction Processing Council
TPCP
Two Phase Commit Protocol
TPF
Transaction Processing Facility (IBM transaction manager)
TPM
Transaction Processing Manager
TPOS
Transaction Processing Operating System
TPS
Transactions Per Second
TRN
Token Ring Network
TRPC
Transactional Remote Procedure Call
TSO
Time Sharing Option (IBM)
TX
Transaction
UDF
User-Defined function
ULTRIX
DEC UNIX operating system
UOW
Unit of Work
URL
Uniform Resource Locator
USL
UNIX System Laboratories
VAR
Value Added Reseller
VAX
Virtual Address eXtension (DEC)
VCS
Version Control System
VINES
Virtual Networking System (Banyan)
VM
Virtual Machine (IBM)
VMS
Virtual Memory System (DEC)
VSAM
Virtual Storage Access Method (IBM)
VTAM
Virtual Telecommunications Access Method (IBM)
WAIS
Wide Area Information Service
WAL
Write Ahead Log
WAN
Wide Area Network
WIMPS
Windows, Icons, Menus, Pointers, and Scroll Bars
WWW
World Wide Web
WYSIWYG
What You See Is What You Get
X
Window. A windowing API developed by MIT
X.25
A CCITT standard for packet switched networks
X.400
A CCITT mail and messaging standard
X.500
A CCITT directory services standard
X/Open
An international consortium of computer vendors
X/Open DTP
X/Open Distributed Transaction Processing
X/Open XA
X/Open API between resource managers (part of X/Open DTP)
X11.3
X Windows Release 3
X3H2
ANSI database committee
XPG
X/Open Portability Guide
XRF
Extended Recovery Facility (IBM)
XTI
X/Open Transport Interface
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