Bengal Tiger Info
SIZES:
Genus & Species: Panthera tigris tigris.
Height: Shoulder 36-38" in
Length: Head/Body 6.3-7.3" in
Length: Tail 32-36" in
Weight: 396-583 Ibs.
Cub Weight at Birth: 785 - 1,610 grames.
Speed: 35 - 40 mph
Sexual maturity: Female 2-4 years; Male 4-5 years.
Mating season: Winter to Spring.
Gestation: 95-112 days.
Litter size: 2-4,Cubs.
Lifespain: Up to 26 years in the wild.
Typical Diet: Sambar deer,chital der,water buffalo,wild pigs,gaur and monkeys.
Tigers hunt large mammals, such as deer, antelope, wild cattle, and wild pigs. They may even attack young rhinoceroses and elephants. They also catch such small animals as peafowl, monkeys, and frogs. At times, tigers attack porcupines, but the porcupine's quills may stick in the tiger's face and body, causing painful wounds. In many parts of Asia, tigers prey on domestic cattle and water buffalo, especially where hunters have greatly reduced the amount of wildlife.The tiger usually hunts at night, wandering along animal trails and dry stream beds. A tiger depends chiefly on its sharp vision and keen hearing, but it may also use its sense of smell. After stalking closely or waiting in cover, the tiger rushes at its prey in several bounds. Using its sharp claws, the tiger grasps the victim by the rump or upper body and pulls it down. Its large canine teeth are well suited for holding prey and for killing it.Tigers are extremely swift for short distances. However, if a tiger fails to catch its prey quickly, it usually will give up because it soon tires. As long as a week may go by without a successful hunt. After a kill, the tiger drags the carcass (dead body) to thick cover. The tiger's neck, shoulders, and forelegs are very powerful. A tiger may drag the body of a 500-pound (230-kilogram) water buffalo for 1/4 mile (0.4 kilometer). The tiger stays near the carcass until it has eaten everything except the large bones and stomach. A tiger may eat at least 50 pounds (23 kilograms) of meat in a night. A tiger often takes a long drink of water and a nap after a meal.
The Bengal tiger adapts to the enviroment,as much at home in the cold forests of the Himalayas as it is in the wam, humid mangrove samps of the Sundabans region that straddles northeastern India and Bangladesh.An excellent swimmer,the tiger is also the most water-loving of the big cats,it can often be found near slow-flowing rivers and shady pools, where it can ambush pray or simply cool off during the heat of the day.
The tiger always occupies a home rang that is dense in vegetation.Lrgest territories are held by male tigers and may cover an area uto 40sq, miles.A large range allows the tiger to find plenty of food,while good cover helps it stalk its prey unseen.
The Bengal tiger usually breeds in the spring, when the female becomes fertile for three to seven days.After mating,the male and female remain together for a few days.The male then leaves the female and plays no further part in rearing the cubs.
About 15 weeks later, two to four cubs are born.Tiger cubs are suckled for up to six months, although the mother starts to bring them small prey from age of 6 weeks.Once weaned,the cubs join their mother hunting to learn the skills they will need to survive on their own.By the age of 18 months,the cubs are able to feed themselves.
Although reputed to be fiercely solitary,the Bengal tiger simply needs a lot of space to hunt and thefore is social at a distance.In fact, a male`s territory usually overlaps those of several females.The tiger visits most of its territory within the space of a few days and marks its boundaries be shredding the bark of trees with its claws.Then it sprays these *signspots* with strong-smelling urine.The urine not only reinforces the boundry marking, but also sends highly complex chemical messages to other tigers, including the owners`s sex.size,social tatus and (for females) breeding status.These messages are esstial to tiger society; they help tigers avoid competiton for food, as well as conflicts over territory.
International Tiger Day has been held on the 29th July every year since 2010 when it was first created at the Saint Petersburg Tiger Summit.This was done to raise awareness of the decline of wild tiger numbers, leaving them on the brink of extinction and to encourage the celebration around the important work of Tiger conservation.
India was home to some 40,000 tigers a century ago but habitat loss, poaching and population pressure reduced that to fewer than 2,000 by 1970. To reverse the decline, India established wildlife sanctuaries that now include more than 600 protected areas along with 50 tiger reserves.That conservation effort has seen India's tiger population grow slightly. But numbers remain fragile: a government-estimated 2,226 tigers in 2014 representing 70 percent of the world's total.
As of 2018, An estimated 2967 individuals Bengal tigers are found living in India, Karnataka state has highest number of Bengal Tigers in India followed by Uttarakhand, Madhya Pradesh,Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra and Assam. Here is the list of top 10 National Parks with highest density of Tiger Population in India.
The Bengal Tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) is the largest cat in India followed by Gujarat Lion (Panthera leo persica). Listed Are The Top 10 Most Famous Bengal Tigers in India from different national parks and Tiger Reserve.
Machali – Ranthambore National Park
Machali Tigress was the Queen of Ranthambore National Park and also considered the world’s oldest tigress living in the wild. The Machali also known as Lady of the Lakes and Crocodile Killer is India’s most famous tigress and also the most photographed tigress in the world and featured in a number of wildlife documentaries.
Sita – Bandhavgarh National Park
Sita Tigress was second most photographed tigress in the world and featured in a wildlife documentaries with Charger.
Tigress Sita of Bandhavgarh National Park had a life span of 17 years. Collar Wali – Pench Tiger Reserve.
Collar Wali Tigress has a world record of given birth to 22 cubs in six separate litters since 2008. T-15 or Collar Wali was the daughter of famous tigress Barimada and the Queen Of Pench National Park. Wagdoh – Tadoba National Park.
Wagdoh also known as Scarface or Big Daddy is the largest male Tiger of India from Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve.The Dominant Wagdoh Tiger of Tadoba weigh around 300kg and known as King of Tadoba.
Ustad – Ranthambore National Park.
Ustad or T-24 Tiger was the largest tiger in Ranthambore National park in the Lahpur region. T-24 was the dominant tiger in the area and loved by wildlife photographers and tourist for for his unconventional behaviours.
Charger – Bandhavgarh National Park.
Charger was a dominant male tiger of Bandhavgarh National Park in Charkadhara Tala range. Sita and Charger were true lover and very compassionate for each other, they had two male cubs Bara Bachha and Langru.
Munna – Kanha National Park.
Munna was the most photographed Bengal Tiger in Kanha and has ruled over the reserve for 10 years. He was the handsome,majestic and rockstar alpha male tiger of Kanha National Park.
Zalim – Ranthambore National Park.
T-25 of Ranthambore National Park is known as Dollar and Zalim was another famous tiger in Ranthambore. Zalim was famous for his majestic appearance and aggressive behavior towards tourist vehicles.
Sitara – Ranthambore National Park
Sitara T-28 was the star male Tiger of Ranthambore National Park, noted for his fight with the Machali. The rowdy Sitara Star male tiger made his remarkable home around three lakes with T-19 Krishna, daughter of Machli’s the Lady of the Lakes.
Maya – Tadoba National Park.
Maya is a celebrity and most famous tigress at the Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve. The popular tigress of Pandharpaoni area was sighted with two male tigers of Gabbar and Matkasur.
Krishna – Ranthambore National Park.
Machli’s daughter T19 or Krishna is the current queen tigress of Ranthambore National Park, As per 2014 there are 60 Bengal Tigers are living in the Ranthambore National Park.
Mala – Ranthambore National Park.
Tigress T39 or also known as Mala or Noor is another popular tigress from Ranthambore National Park. Ustad was his partner who ruled the Ranthambore Tiger Reserve for many years and his sibling T25 or Zaalim.
Broken Tail – Ranthambore National Park.
Broken Tail was a male tiger from Ranthambore National Park who left the park area and traveled from Ranthambore to Darra.
A documentary film was made with the same name Broken Tail, features his last journey where he was killed by a train while crossing the railway tracks.
Sonam – Tadoba National Park
. Sonam is the daughter of Madhuri along with her three sibling Mona, Lara and Seeta.
They are the four tiger siblings of Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve living in the Telia Lake area. Tiger Sisters of Telia was the most famous wildlife documentaries present by Discovery Channel on the gang of four tigresses.
Amitabh – Tadoba National Park.
Amitabh is a big territorial male tiger of Tadoba range, first appeared in 2010 and become an instant star of the Jungle. Other most famous male tigers of Tadoba are Gabbar and Matkasur along with Tigresses Malika and Madhuri.
Sultan – Ranthambhore Tiger Reserve.
Sultan or T-72 Sultan is another most famous and super start male tiger of Ranthambhore Tiger Reserve, He is the son of the famous Ustad and sighted frequently in the Kailadevi Sanctuary Region.
Matkasur – Tadoba National Park
Matkasur tiger is one of the most aggressive male tiger pf Tadoba Reserve, Gabbar and Matkasur along with another tigress Maya are currently few most famous tigers of Tadoba National Park.
Other most famous celebrity tigers of Indian jungles are Bamera male from Kanha National Park, Tiger T-17 Sundari of Ranthambore National Park, Shivaji and Malika from Tadoba National Park, Agastya and Prince from Bandipur National Park and Jai from Navegaon Nagzira Tiger Reserve.
Tiger Reserves in India: The Bengal Tiger was declared a National animal of India in April 1973 under the initiative of Project Tiger. Prior to this, the Lion was considered the National animal of India. In order to conserve tigers as they were considered an Endangered species according to the IUCN Red Data book, The Tiger Reserve of India was established in 1973.
Presently, there are 53 tiger reserves in India(The Latest added tiger reserve is Guru Ghasidas National Park of Chhattisgarh is the 53rd Tiger Reserve In India as of 2022) which are governed by Project Tiger and are administered by the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA).
India is home to 80% of the tiger’s world population. According to the Tiger census Report 2018(held once every four years), the total count of tigers has risen to 2,967 in 2018 from 2,226 in 2014. So here is the list of 53 tiger reserves with their total area(in sq.km.).
Below is the list of the 53 Tiger Reserves In India. Recently, In 2022, 53rd Tiger Reserve In India has been approved by National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA), that is, Guru Ghasidas National Park Of Chhattisgarh which is also the 4th Tiger Reserve of Chhattisgarh.
1 Andhra Pradesh Nagarjunsagar Srisailam 3296.31
2 Arunachal Pradesh Namdapha 2052.82
3 Arunachal Pradesh Kamlang Tiger Reserve 783
4 Arunachal Pradesh Pakke 1198.45
5 Assam Manas 3150.92
6 Assam Nameri 344
7 Assam Orang Tiger Reserve 492.46
8 Assam Kaziranga 1173.58
9 Bihar Valmiki 899.38
10 Chattisgarh Udanti-Sitanadi 1842.54
11 Chattisgarh Achanakmar 914.01
12 Chhattisgarh Indravati 2799.07
13 Jharkhand Palamau 1129.93
14 Karnataka Bandipur 1456.3
15 Karnataka Bhadra 1064.29
16 Karnataka Dandeli-Anshi 1097.51
17 Karnataka Nagarahole 1205.76
18 Karnataka Biligiri Ranganatha Temple 574.82
19 Kerala Periyar 925
20 Kerala Parambikulam 643.66
21 Madhya Pradesh Kanha 2051.79
22 Madhya Pradesh Pench 1179.63
23 Madhya Pradesh Bandhavgarh 1598.1
24 Madhya Pradesh Panna 1578.55
25 Madhya Pradesh Satpura 2133.30
26 Madhya Pradesh Sanjay-Dubri 1674.50
27 Maharashtra Melghat 2768.52
28 Maharashtra Tadoba-Andhari 1727.59
29 Maharashtra Pench 741.22
30 Maharashtra Sahyadri 1165.57
31 Maharashtra Nawegaon-Nagzira 653.67
32 Maharashtra Bor 138.12
33 Mizoram Dampa 988
34 Odisha Similipal 2750
35 Odisha Satkosia 963.87
36 Rajasthan Ranthambore 1411.29
37 Rajasthan Sariska 1213.34
38 Rajasthan Mukandra Hills 759.99
39 Tamil Nadu Kalakad-Mundanthurai 1601.54
40 Tamil Nadu Anamalai 1479.87
41 Tamil Nadu Mudumalai 688.59
42 Tamil Nadu Sathyamangalam 1408.4
43 Telangana Kawal 2019.12
44 Telangana Amrabad 2611.39
45 Uttar Pradesh Dudhwa 2201.77
46 Uttar Pradesh Pilibhit 730.24
47 Uttar Pradesh Amangarh (buffer of Corbett TR) 80.6
Uttarakhand Corbett 1288.31
48 Uttarakhand Rajaji TR 1075.17
49 West Bengal Sunderbans 2584.89
50 West Bengal Buxa 757.90
51 Tamil Nadu Srivilliputhur Megamalai 1016.57
52. Rajasthan Ramgarh Vishdhari Wildlife Sanctuary 252
53. Chhattisgarh Guru Ghasidas National Park(Sanjay National Park) 466.67
1. Nagarjunsagar Srisailam (3296.31 sq.km.)
This tiger reserve is one of the largest tiger reserves in India. Nagarjunsagar Tiger reserve is spread over 5 districts in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. The area consists mostly of the Nallamala Hills. The multipurpose reservoirs- Srisailam and Nagarjunasagar are located in the reserve. This is home to a variety of wild animals such as the Bengal tiger, leopard, pangolin, Indian rock python, etc.
2. Manas National Park (3150.92 sq.km.)
Manas National Park is located in the Himalayan foothills in Assam. The park is known for its rare and endangered endemic wildlife. Manas National Park is more than a National Park, it has been listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Tiger Reserve, Elephant Reserve, Biosphere Reserve, and National Park. It is home to a variety of species of fauna such as One-horned Rhinoceros, Asiatic Elephants, Indian Tigers, Clouded leopards, Hoolock Gibbons, and Barking Deer, etc.
3. Melghat Tiger Reserve (2768.52 sq.km.)
Melghat Tiger Reserve is located on the southern offshoot of the Satpura Hill Range in Central India, called Gavilgarh hill in the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the prime habitat of the tiger and the prime biodiversity repository of the state. This tiger reserve is a catchment area of five major rivers.
4. Similipal National Park (2750 sq.km.)
/Simlipal National Park is a national park and a tiger reserve in the Mayurbhanj district in the Indian state of Odisha. The area of Simlipal reserve is gifted with great bio-diversity and ultimate varieties of faunas in the ranges with the ambience of cool breeze emerging out of the dense forests. There are many small waterfalls that add character to the Royal Bengal Tiger in the reserve.
5. Amrabad Tiger Reserve (2611.39 sq.km.)
Amrabad Tiger Reserve lies in the Nallamala hills of Telangana. It has a large presence of the Chenchu tribe. It harbours great biodiversity, consisting of around 70 species of mammals, more than 300 hundred avian varieties, 60 species of reptiles, and thousands of insects, all supported and nourished by more than 600 different plant species. The fauna in this tiger reserve are Bengal Tiger, leopard, rusty-spotted cat, pangolin, Mugger Crocodiles, Indian Rock Python, and innumerable varieties of birds are found here.
6. Sunderbans Tiger Reserve (2584.89 sq.km.)
Sundarban the world’s largest delta is located in India and Bangladesh. Sundarbans National Park is located in the southern part of West Bengal. Sundari trees can be found in abundance in this forest. The Royal Bengal tigers are well-known in Sundarban. Also, this national park is designated by UNESCO as World Heritage Site. It is well known for the conservation of Tiger under Project Tiger.
7. Dudhwa Tiger Reserve (2201.7748 sq.km.)
The Dudhwa Tiger Reserve is a protected area in Uttar Pradesh located on the India-Nepal border. It stretches mainly across the Lakhimpur Kheri and Bahraich districts. The Dudhwa National Park has a number of species of birds, reptiles, wild elephants, aquatic animals, one-horned rhinos, and wild elephants besides its enriched flora and fauna. Its undisturbed natural forest cover, vast spans of grasslands, and wetlands. It is the only place in U.P. where both Tigers and Rhinos can be spotted together.
8. Satpura Tiger Reserve(2133.30 sq.km.)
Satpura Tiger reserve is located in the south of River Narmada in the district of Madhya Pradesh. Satpura National Park is rich in biodiversity. The animals here include leopard, sambar, chital, Indian muntjac, nilgai, four-horned antelope, Chinkara, wild boar, bear, black buck, fox, porcupine, flying squirrel, mouse deer, and Indian giant squirrel.
9. Namdapha Tiger Reserve(2052.82 sq.km.)
Namdapha Tiger Reserve is located in the Changlang district in Andhra Pradesh. It is the only park in the World to have the four Feline species of big cat namely the Tiger, Leopard, Snow Leopard, Clouded Leopard, and the number of Lesser cats.
10. Kanha Tiger Reserve (2051.79 Sq.km.)
Kanha National Park was created on 1 June 1955 and in 1973 was made the Kanha Tiger Reserve. It stretches over an area of in the two districts Mandla and Balaghat. The park has a significant population of the Royal Bengal tiger, Indian leopards, the sloth bear, barasingha, and Indian wild dog .
Melanistic tigers/Black tigers are found exclusively in the Similipal Tiger Reserve in Odisha.
They are a rare colour variant of the Bengal tiger.
Unlike the typical orange coat with dark stripes, melanistic tigers have a dark black or nearly black coat with faint or almost invisible stripes. This dark colouration is due to a genetic condition known as melanism, where there is an excessive development of dark pigmentation (melanin) in the skin and fur.
A single mutation in the gene Transmembrane Aminopeptidase Q (Taqpep) causes the black tigers to develop broadened stripes.
Odisha is setting up an exclusive Melanistic Tiger Safari near Similipal Tiger Reserve.
The Odisha Tiger Estimation conducted recently found that out of the total 24 adult tigers in Similipal, 13 are pseudo-melanistic. Of the 24, 10 are males while 14 are females.
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