| Introduction History of
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History
of Autism:
Kanner (1943) first added the diagnosis of autism to the
psychiatric literature almost fifty years ago. Since that
time a large literature has developed which catalogues
literally thousands of clinical and experimental studies
of the syndrome. It is only recently, however that
clinicians and researchers throughout the world have
reached a consensus concerning the nature and the
essential diagnostic criteria for autism. The
multi-disciplinary professional advisory board of the
Autism Society of America led the way in 1977 with the
publication of the definition of the syndrome of autism
(Ritvo and Freeman, 1977) followed in 1980 by the
American Psychiatric Association's publication of the 3rd
edition of the Diagnostic Statistical Manual (DSM-III),
which subsequently has been revised in 1984 and 1992.
These definitions typically follow a standard medical
model.
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