What do the scholars say?

From "A History of Macedonia"
by Malcom Errington (Philipps-Universitat in Marburg, Germany)

Page 3
"That the Macedonians and their kings did in fact speak a dialect of Greek and bore Greek names may be regarded nowadays as certain."

(Malcom Errington "A History of Macedonia", University of California Press, 1993)


From "Alexander's empire"
by John Pentland Mahaffy (University of Dublin, UK)

Page 8
"... for with Alexander the stage of Greek influence spread across the world. "

(John Pentland Mahaffy, Alexander's empire, G Putnam's sons, London, 1881)


From "Alexander the Great"
by Peter Green

Page 20
"Macedonia as a whole was tended to remain in isolation from the rest of Greece."

Page 24
"For the first time he (Philip II) started to understan how Macedonia's outdated insitutions of feudalism and autocratic monarchy, so despised by the rest of Greece, might prove a source of strength when dealing with such opponents."

Page 29
"In less tha four years he (Philip II) had transformed Macedonia from a backward and primitive kingdom to one of the most powerfull states in Greece."

Page 37
"It was now that the veteran Athenian pamphleteer Isokratis published his Adress to Philip calling for a Panhelleinc crusade against Persia under Philip's leadership."

Page 40
"Like most intelectuals with a racialst axe to grind, Aristotle, drew facts from geopolitics or 'natural law' in support of his thesis. In a celebrated frangment he counselled Alexander 'to be a hegemon [leader] to the Greeks and a depot to the barbarians to look after the former as after frinds and relatives and to deal to the latter as with beasts and plants'."

(Peter Green, "Alexander the Great", Weidenfield and Nicholson, 1971)


From "The Western Experience"
by Mortimer Chambers (University of California),
Raymond Grew (University of Michigan),
David Herlihy (Harvard University),
Theodore Rabb (Princeton University)
and Isser Woloch (Columbia University),

Page 79
"THE MONARCHS OF MACEDONIA:
Macedonia (or Macedon) was an ancient, somewhat backward kingdom in northen Greece. Its emergence as a hellenic power was due to a resourceful king, Philip II (359-336), whose career has been unjustly overshadowed by the deeds of his son, Alexander the Great".

("The Western Experience" (Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 2nd edition , 1997)