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Urbanization and the Future World

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History of Migration and Urbanization - 4,50,000-2,00,000 years - Human history of migration is since the time of Homo sapiens. They developed behavior to shift places to places in search of food and security. African origins migrated to other parts of the world for access to living. Even during this age tools and jewelry of bones, shells were exchanged for food or tools. Materials used for jewelry became valuable for barter system. 10000 - 8000 BC - Human beings began to grow crops in Mesopotamian and Indus valley civilization. During 7500 - 7000 BC - People developed clay pots for storing food and drinks. 6000 BC - Clothes were prepared from Linen from plant fibers and sheep   fleece. Bricks were produced to build houses. Commercial use of land began right from 7000-6000 BC. 5,000 BC - Mesopotamian Civilization advanced commercialization of the produce. People from areas gathered at one place for exchange of commodities. Barter system was popular during this time. Value of ornaments was the base for commodity value. Demand and supply began the basis for value of the commodity. During this age Mesopotamians developed science such as astronomy and mathematics. Initially selection of place was on the occasion community celebrations where they gathered with surplus produce for exchange against needed or valuables. During 4000 - 3500 BC - People began learning to use scientific tools as Wooden ploughs to dig soil for cultivation.  Science and technology advanced further when solid wooden wheels were built to pull carts and learnt to use as mode of transport. Helped producers to produce more, this helped people to carry more produces in social gatherings. During 3000 - 2500 BC full fledged animal pulled wagons were developed to carry goods and people. This era was also known as copper age, by this time inhabitants began excavation of mines and minerals. Moderate production and easy mode of carriage encouraged them to store and trade their produce at gathering place. Mass production invited labour force to work and get reward as share of the produce; this was the beginning of labor economy. Mass production Initiated trade exchanges between communities, villages that helped to establish central market place for more varieties and quantities became an important network for communities, villages and so on, exchanged Gold, silver, bronze, brass or other valuable products against the produced goods. Because of this market place many developments took place such as transportation, godowns, shops, motels, and entertaining centers facilitated generation of jobs. During this era Egyptians and Greek International trade flourished for spices, pottery, silk, metals, jewelry, food and breweries and so on, through sea and land routes advanced further for easy trade. These factors accounted to expand urbanization and migration world over.

Industrial Revolution  - The ground was prepared by the voyages of discovery from Western Europe in the 15th and 16th cent., which led to a vast influx of precious metals from the New World, raising prices, stimulating industry, and fostering a money economy. Expansion of trade and the money economy stimulated the development of new institutions of finance and credit. Great Britain was first for Industrial Revolution in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Many changes took place in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, and transport. The nature of socioeconomic and cultural conditions changed the country and now it was known for industrialization. The changes subsequently widened throughout Europe North America, and finally the world. "Industrial Revolution: The Industrial Revolution in Great Britain." The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia. © 1994, 2000-2006, on Infoplease.© 2000–2007 Pearson Education, publishing as Infoplease. 15 Sep. 2009 .
Easy finance and capitalism stimulated industrialization, and urbanization. Agricultural economy was now disappearing trend failed to retain labor force. Labor force found easy jobs in cities and migrated. Since then urban economy turned into resourceful to job creation and improved living condition of citizens. People preferred urban jobs than to rural jobs was the major factor to populate urban cities. Farmers and rural workers declined rapidly following the urban life pattern.

Trade invasion and war - Rising demand from other European countries helped England to throng production and supply. That made country prosperous and powerful economy. Keeping pace with booming British industrialization was now a challenge for other European and other industrial world. Especially Germany, Italy and France enormously invested in modernizing machineries and production units. In due course, England lagged behind with its old system of production and machineries contemplating them to rework on improvisation to modern automation to go parallel with other countries. Booming output created enormous pressure by competitiveness among European nations, to sell off their products and import raw material from other courtiers. Trade invasion began by Europeans in Asia, Africa, Arab,  and America and Eastern Europe, systematically colonized them for the interest involved. However, immense pressure to retain their control over colonies and pressure from within disturbed political systems and economy dragged them into regional conflicts and then world war.

World war shattered economy of Industrial world. Urban unemployment soared to its height by 15 - 20%. Urban cities were hard hit by economic depression to head layoffs and closures. Heavy industries were the main affected international trade to raise unemployment world over. During 1930 – 1931 unemployment being main concern Governments pumped finance eased borrowing to increase spending helped some what to recover unemployment problem. Besides, World War II helped improve employment through heavy recruitments of soldiers and manicuring war heads and ancillaries.

Unemployment Climbing As World Approaches 6 Billion (worldwatch.org) - In the world's 50 poorest nations, the work force will surge some 235 percent by 2050.
Population, migration, and globalization. - The trend toward globalization (free trade, free capital mobility) is not usually associated with migration or demography.
Grass - grass, any plant of the family Gramineae, an important and widely distributed group of vascular plants, having an extraordinary range of adaptation. Sprouts, Grass and Greens are among the Most Nutritious foods on this Planet!
Unemployment rate (cia.gov): Country Comparison to the World
Unemployment Threatens World Cities; Jobs are Needed to Check Growth in Urban Poverty, Says ILO
Worldwide, about 506 million people had topped the 65-year mark as of mid-2008. By 2040, older people will double from 7 percent to 14 percent to 1.3 billion. (Senior population growing all over the world - examiner.com)

Human Impact 2050 - The human population has grown in about 100 years from 1700 to over 6000 million people (see map over population density)

Negative/Positive Factors and WE
Negative/Positive Factors and WE

Globalzation and Urbanization
Globalzation and Urbanization

Major factors for civilization to end were, trade war, urbanization affecting natural resources and environmental disaster, modern growth neglecting basic human needs, population growth and human degradation, rivalries and aggression, excessive regime expenditure and economic failure. Extinction of any civilization is gradual, prolonging survival depends on strength of the country’ social pattern and resources. Strong countries prolong until they commit mistakes to become weak. It is because of natural law “nothing is immortal”. All civilizations when reaching to its peak, the regime’s overconfidence on modern materialistic growth and neglecting approach towards natural resources became the root cause to their extinction.

Mesopotamian’s civilization with multi cities having finest cultural and literature achievements crumbled during 2300BC due to high toxic land unfit to agriculture. Between 1500-1000BC Indus valley civilization comprising two cities Harappa and Mohenjo-daro with more than 100 cities and villages were highly civilized knowing scripts of more than 250 characters. Rivalries and devastation by flood weakened this civilization; later invaded by Ancient Aryans.  Ancient Mayan’s civilization was the first to introduce accurate calendar, mathematics and astronomy. This developed society gradually ended due to rivalries, converting crop lands to inspiring temples, complexes, and homes, diseases and viruses. The  Plagues of Egypt (absolute astronomy.com) Archeology and natural explanation - The Egyptian Ipuwer Papyrus is a single surviving papyrus holding an ancient Egyptian poem, called The Admonitions of Ipuweror The Dialogue of Ipuwer and the Lord of All.... describes a series of calamities befalling Egypt, including a river turned to blood, men behaving as wild ibises, and the land generally turned upside down. However, this is usually thought to describe a general and long term ecological disaster lasting for a period of decades, such as that which destroyed the old kingdom.

Disrupted natural resources accounted falling of major civilizations. Major factor of each civilization’s disintegration was devastating agriculture land and ecological disaster. Most civilizations neglected the role of rivers when reached to modern growth. The situation applies to our modern world too as most of world river water unused end up in sea. Forests are converted to agricultural land, and agricultural land to urban cities, rising population and consumption of fuel, industrial commodities mounting up pollution for species. Anarchy formed by heavy urbanization and urban industrialization and so on.

Learning and understanding mistakes of ancient civilizations is the solution to global warming and spreading new diseases and viruses. Natural law needs modification in systems to suit circumstances. Following one system for all circumstances is blunder. We must study nature and its behavior in order to implement in social culture and economical life. Understanding nature and its laws will be the definite solution to our present world.


   

Our action is by reaction, thus we don’t act rather we react