What is it about
Asian martial arts training philosophy that elevates Taekwondo, Karate-do,
Kung Fu and others to the status of martial "art" while boxing,
wrestling, fencing, etc., are considered to be only sports and skills?
During belt testing some time ago, the examiners asked how Taekwondo
training—as well as training in other Asian martial arts—differs from
that of western combative sports like boxing or wrestling, and why the
distinction is important. Unfortunately, many students found it difficult to
formulate an answer. The following might shed a bit of light on the
subject...
Asian martial arts
and western combative sports share many similarities and their participants
train with many of the same goals in mind. However, it must be noted that
Asian martial arts training and western combative sports training differ in
one extremely important respect: the number one goal of martial arts
training is to make better people. In time, fighting skills, self
defense, sport, etc., all become secondary to the cultivation of the
individual martial arts practitioner. For this reason Taekwondo is taught
within a moral framework—in accordance to the "Tenets of Taekwondo"—which
is why Taekwondo as well as other "do" or "way" martial
arts seem so different when compared to their western counterparts.
Boxing, wrestling,
and even kick-boxing (which only superficially resembles Taekwondo
and Karate-Do) are typically taught with only the development of fighting
skills in mind. The cultivation and improvement of the individual’s
personal qualities generally aren’t a consideration, only the development
of technical expertise. Sometimes a cruel or vicious demeanor and general
disregard for others is even looked upon as an asset. This might help
explain why some of the most skilled and famous boxers of our time—Mike
Tyson for one—could hardly be looked upon as good role models (actually,
the same could be said about many professional western athletes as well).
When traditional
Asian martial arts skills are taught, it is generally with an emphasis on
the belief that with those skills comes a social and moral responsibility to
use them wisely. Often it is said that, "...with great knowledge comes
great responsibility." In Taekwondo this responsibility is conveyed to
the student by teaching and observing the tenets—modesty, perseverance,
self-control, indomitable spirit, and etiquette—in every aspect of
training. It is hoped that eventually the tenets will come to be applied to
every aspect of the students’ lives.
Many other Asian
martial arts share this philosophy in common with Taekwondo, along with the
belief that developing a good work ethic, learning respect for others, and
having respect for and confidence in oneself, ultimately will lead the
student to a fuller and more harmonious life. This is the "do" or
"way" to which we refer in martial arts training, and it is a
harmonious and full life that we are all ultimately working toward.
Certainly, Taekwondo
skills can be taught outside of the moral framework within which a
traditional martial art functions. They often are since there really isn’t
anything mysterious about learning the mechanics of a roundhouse kick.
However, if a departure is to be taken from this fundamental aspect of a
traditional martial art like Taekwondo, you must also accept the fact that
you lose the "do," usually in exchange for many of the worst
aspects of western sport and competition.
Then, which approach
produces the best fighters—the "do" approach or the western
approach? This question has long been the subject of heated debate, and
there are many martial arts coaches who advocate abandoning traditional
teaching in favor of a more western sport-like approach. However, at the
elite level just how physically skilled a competitor becomes is ultimately
determined by coaching, talent, and individual effort. Most Taekwondo
practitioners will never attain such high levels of ability, which is why it
hardly makes sense to exchange a system that is accessible to everyone for
life, and encourages moral and social responsibility, for one that focuses
merely on winning.
Ultimately, the
value of anything comes down to what it contributes to society. Western
combative sports are fine if you remember to consider them in the correct
context. They are fun to participate in, exciting to watch, and they
generate a lot of money for a select few fantastically gifted athletes who
are able to participate in them at the elite level. However, they don’t
really contribute much to our society beyond entertainment and their value
as exercise.
Traditional Asian
martial arts strive to be more than that. For many people, the training
philosophies of Taekwondo, Karate-Do and Kung Fu seem alien and are often
difficult to grasp. However, unlike western sports like boxing, they offer
something more than a set of combat skills: a philosophy, a code of ethics,
a "way" of life that can enhance far more than an individual’s
ability to fight.