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Economics Course Outline

MICROECONOMICS & MACROECONOMICS: -

Microeconomics: -
Analysis of supply and demand in markets for goods and markets for the factors of production. Study of various market structures, price determination in perfectly competitive and imperfectly competitive markets. Optimization models of the consumer and firm are used to study competitive and noncompetitive markets. Topics in welfare economics, the theory of market failure, tax incidence, and income distribution are discussed. Empirical research based on microeconomic models is reviewed.Rigorous analysis of models of consumers and firms and their interaction in markets. Topics: optimization, uncertainty, perfect and imperfect competition, game theory.This course provides an in depth review of theories of demand, production, general equilibrium, market failures and welfare economics.This course provides a brief review of demand and production, general equilibrium and welfare economics. Topics such as core equivalence and efficient provision of public goods may be considered in depth. In addition, the course provides a substantial introduction to cooperative and non-cooperative game theory and its applications. Introduction to price theory, distribution theory, and market structure analysis. Relevance of economic theory in production and consumption decisions.

Macroeconomics: -
Examination of the institutional structure of an economic system. Analysis of aggregates economic activity, the determinants of the level, stability, and growth of national income, the role of monetary and fiscal policy.Theories of national output, employment, and prices. Analysis of policies for stabilization and growth. Empirical research and applications are reviewed .This course provides in depth coverage of current topics in microeconomic theory. Topics will be drawn from: decision making under risk and uncertainty; non-cooperative games; general equilibrium; equilibrium concepts and refinements; correlated equilibrium; repeated games; applications of game theory to principal agent models and models of screening and signaling; cooperative games, bargaining, auctions, common knowledge, implementation, evolutionary games and theories of learning. It then introduces dynamic equilibrium models: two-period models, the overlapping generations model, and the neoclassical one-sector growth model, with applications to asset-pricing, growth, business cycles, aggregate consumption, and fiscal policy. Introduction to the measurement of national income and the theories of aggregate demand and supply; theoretical analysis of growth and fluctuations in production, employment, and prices.

PUBLIC ECONOMICS: -

Public Microeconomics: -
Microeconomic analysis of the role of the public sector in resource allocation within a market economy: theory of market failures, alternative corrective measures for market failures, public choice theory, partial and general equilibrium analyses of major taxes, and welfare-based public investment criteria.

Public Economics: -
Introduction to public economics with emphasis on public expenditure. Market failure and the role of the public sector in the provision or regulation of private goods, public goods, shared goods, externalities and the redistribution of income. Collective decision making through the political process. Fiscal federalism and inter-governmental grants. Normative and positive aspects of tax theory: optimal taxation and redistribution, more on the marginal cost of public funds, the theory of tax reform, the effects of taxation on markets for goods, labour and capital, tax incidence, intergenerational transfers.Emergence of fiscal policy, scope of government intervention in the national economy, theories of fiscal policy. Economic goals of stabilization, full employment, growth, and income redistribution. Administration of fiscal policy.

The courses in this module include courses that focus on economic analysis of employment, earnings, and the labor market, and related government policies; the analysis of the impact and influence of demographic trends; and courses addressing microeconomic issues in public economics, including government spending and taxation. Also examined in more depth are a number of applications in such specific areas of microeconomic public policy as environmental economics, urban economics, and health economics.

Public Finance: -
A comprehensive survey and analysis of the principal fiscal activities of contemporary government, logic of public sector activity, taxation principles and practice, intergovernmental relations, and current fiscal problems; Urban Economics - Application of economic theory to urban problems, including slums, residential segregation, intracity location of economic activity, urban renewal, urban sprawl, transportation,and government organization; Advanced Public Finance I - A theoretical and empirical investigation of the economic behavior of the public sector, theory of social goods, problems of tax structure, incidence, and multi-unit finance;

MATHEMATICS, STATISTICS AND ECONOMICS {ECONOMETRICS}: -

Econometrics: -
Introduction to econometrics, including the discussion of probability and distribution theory and their use in developing methods of hypothesis testing, parameter estimators, and the regression model. The single equation linear regression model in a matrix algebra context and its application to economic problems. Ordinary least squares, generalized least squares, and other extensions of the standard model. Single equation regression under special conditions and development of the multiple equation linear regression model.Advanced simultaneous equations estimation and testing procedures; models that use both cross-section and time-series data, varying parameter models; diagnostic tests, model selection and pre-test estimators; non- linear regression models; time-series and distributed lag models; introductory Bayesian methods.Topics include the method of moments, the geometry of ordinary least squares, hypothesis testing and confidence intervals, nonlinear least squares, instrumental variables, generalized least squares, the generalized method of moments, and maximum likelihood. This is a course intended for specialists in econometrics. It deals primarily with the asymptotic distribution theory of nonlinear least squares, generalized least squares, the generalized method of moments, and maximum likelihood. Other topics include specification testing, binary response models, and simultaneous equations estimators.

Review of the general linear model, identification, estimating criteria, single and simultaneous equation estimation, and econometric application. Theory and application of advanced quantitative research methods, computer application of econometric; Time Series Econometrics - Fundamental elements of time-series methods, as well as recently devel-oped techniques for the analysis of economic time series.

Applied Econometrics: -
Application of the single and multiple equation regression models to the estimation and testing of specific economic theories using both micro and macro data; advanced econometric forecasting and business cycle analysis; Application of regression to a problem chosen by the student. Some general discussion of data sources, the derivation of index numbers and other problems that might be encountered in estimating economic relations. Emphasis is on class presentation and analysis of student projects.

Mathematical Economics & Game Theory: -
Mathematical Economics I - Mathematical analysis of microeco-nomic problems, including consumer
and production theory and general equilibrium; Mathematical Economics II - Mathematical analysis of macroeco-nomic problems, including static and dynamic systems and optimal control.

Macroeconomic Modeling, Forecasting and Policy Analysis: -
Introduction to the construction and use of econometric macro models, including theoretical specification, statistical estimation and validation; the structure of large-scale macro models; forecasting and policy analysis; critiques of current macroeconomic modeling.

Quantitative Methods: -
Introduction to quantitative methods in economics. Techniques of data analysis, statistical theory, and linear regression are applied to economic problems. Econometric extensions of linear regression, forecasting, and methods of analyzing time-series and cross-section data.

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: -

Economics of Development: -
A rigorous introduction emphasizing (1) major themes and debates in the literature, (2) micro and macroeconomic modeling of development processes, and (3) review of empirical evidence. Topics include the economic theory of accumulation, growth and distribution; transformation of traditional agriculture; the microeconomics of rural development; and the role of international trade in development. focusing on recent advances in some of the following areas: models of structural change, development strategies analyzed in general terms or in the context of specific countries, agrarian organization and systems of land tenure, labor markets and human resource development, financing of development and trade policies. Historical, descriptive, and analytical approaches to the analysis of underdeveloped countries; the process of economic development; alternative theories and policies of economic growth and development.

MONEY BANKING AND FINACIAL ECONOMICS: -

Money and Banking in the macroeconomy and Financial Markets: -
The principles of money, commercial banking, and central banking; an elementary consideration of issues of monetary policy and financial markets.The courses in this module provide analysis of macroeconomic issues including money, credit, and financial intermediation; measurement and theories of business cycles; the role of monetary and fiscal policy in economic stabilization; international finance and the world monetary system; and economic forecasting. A course which uses elementary stochastic processes in the study of asset pricing under rational expectations (interest rates and inflation, volatility, bubbles, risk premiums, term structures), the demand for money, evidence on money in business cycles, the optimal quantity of money, and monetary policy (targetting, rules, credibility) in theory and practice.
Topics in microeconomic foundations of monetary theory: the role of money, transactions and precautionary theories, money in general equilibrium, portfolio choice, the capital asset pricing model, Modigliani-Miller theorems, the term structure of interest rates, financial intermediation, and overlapping generations monetary models.

International Finance : -
The foreign exchange market and international payments are described and analyzed. Emphasis is placed on analyzing the implications of price levels and employment in small and large countries. Proposals for exchange management and reform of the international monetary system are evaluated.

Public Finance: -
Introduction to the financial problems of governments: public expenditures, basic kinds of taxes and tax systems, grants-in-aid, public borrowing, debt management, and fiscal policy. Problems of financing state and local government within the context of a federal system. Relevance and limits of fiscal theory for state and local government tax and expenditure policy. Metropolitan economics: taxes, fees, bonds, cash management, and state and federal revenue sharing. Delivery of education, housing, and welfare services. Industrial development. Market failures and the collective decisions that must be made in their wake, public goods, Tiebout hypothesis, externalities, and income distribution. Theory and practice of taxation, tax incidence, optimal taxation, theory of regulated firms and decision rules for government investment.

Financial Economics : -
Financial markets, efficient-market theory, financial panics, choice under uncertainty, risk aversion, portfolio choice, capital-asset pricing model, futures, options, flow of funds, saving and investment, financing economic development, government debt, international debt, term structure of interest rates, interest rate forecasting. A study of theories of decision-making within corporations, with empirical evidence as background. Topics include capital budgeting, risk securities issuance, capital structure, dividend policy, compensation policy, mergers and acquisitions, options and financial engineering.Presents the results of recent research emphasizing the fragility of financial markets and its impact on the macro-economy. Topics include speculative attacks on fixed exchange rates and interest rate pegging, bubbles in asset markets, pricing of multiple currency contracts, money and clearing systems

Financial Derivatives: -
Using the binomial-pricing model, this course shows that in a market characterized by the absence of arbitrage, there exists an equivalent martingale probability such that normalized prices are a martingale. This result forms the basis for the majority of models used to price and hedge derivative securities. Given this result, the course will examine the pricing and hedging of derivatives in equity, foreign exchange, indices, interest rates, and credit, as well as swaps and non-standard instruments.

INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS & WORLD ECONOMICS: -

Theory of International Economics: -
Advanced analysis of the pure theories of trade, commercial policy and resource transfers, and the theories of balance of payments adjustment and policy. Students are expected to be able to employ the tools of calculus and linear algebra in economic analysis.

Advanced Microeconomic Trade Theory - Advanced non-monetary international trade theory, analysis of the effect of trade and commercial policies on the allocation of resources, income distribution, and growth; Advanced Macroeconomic Trade Theory - Advanced monetary international trade theory, open economy macroeconom-ics, and foreign exchange rates; Economic Growth and International Trade - Topics concerning the evolution of the world economy from both theoretical an empirical perspectives, including Solow growth models, optimal economic growth with heterogeneous agents, models of overlapping generations, and endogenous economic growth.

International Monetary Economics & Foreign exchange markets:-
This course surveys modern open economy macroeconomic models, including the Mundell-Fleming model, the monetary and asset market approaches, and modern models grounded in microfoundations. It also covers special topics of current interest, such as purchasing power parity, interest rate parity, international policy coordination, and collapsing exchange rate systems. Description and analysis of currency markets, emphasizing their roles in the business environment. Topics include spot forward, futures, and options markets, currency, and interest rate swaps, models of exchange rate determination, the operation and relative merits of fixed and flexible exchange rate systems, and the management of exchange rate risk by business. Foreign exchange markets, emphasizing theoretical and empirical issues and their relation to the business environments. Topics include exchange rate regimes, efficiency, forecast measurement and management of foreign exchange risk forward and futures markets, options, swaps, and multi-currency bonds.

International Trade Theory & Policies: -
Theoretical, institutional, and empirical characteristics of trade and capital movements between nations. Review of the pure theories of comparative advantage, gains from trade, commercial policy, and resource transfers. Brief review of modern balance of payments theory and policy question.Theory of comparative advantage, trade, and income distribution. Welfare analysis of trade: gains from trade, evaluation of the effects of trade policy instruments--tariffs, quotas, and subsidies. Trade under imperfect competition. Strategic trade policy. Analysis of specific policy issues: the analytics of trade policy reform, trade, labor markets and wages, preferential trade agreements, and the world trading systems. International trade theory and policy including a brief history of foreign trade, development of basic international trade theory, examination of the instruments of international trade policy and their economic effects, recent tendencies in commercial policy, the theory and practice of regional economic integration arrangements, the purpose and functioning of international economic organizations, and examination of trade problems of less developed countries.

International Economic Relations: -
The development of international trade and trade theory since mercantilism; international financial institutions, the foreign exchange market, and the problems of international balance of payments and international liquidity

International Marketing: -
A study of the international dimensions of American enterprise and the background of the international environment. Includes international trade concepts, cultural dynamics, business customs, multinational markets, development markets, and influence of political, legal, and geographic factors on international marketing.

The Global Majority: -
Introduction to the plight of less-developed countries, to alternative paths of development, and to the relationships between the more-developed and less-developed countries. The central theme of economic development is based on elementary economic theory. Equally important, human dimensions of development are emphasized through the use of novels and films from less-developed countries. Usually offered every term.

Global Economic Integration and Entrepreneurship: -
Several areas around the globe are undergoing a process of economic integration involving the creation of free trade areas, custom unions and currency unions. This process has crucial implications not only for the macro performance of global and national economies, but also for entrepreneurial businesses working within this dynamic environment. The course is divided into two parts. The first part examines the factors that motivate the process of economic and monetary integration, with special attention devoted to the study of integration within particular regions, namely Europe, North America and Asia. The course explores the benefits of trade and monetary integration and analyzes the conditions that need to be satisfied for countries to enjoy these benefits. The second part of the course studies several aspects of entrepreneurship with particular attention to the opportunities and challenges that larger and more integrated markets create for entrepreneurial initiatives. Special attention is devoted to the financing of new and small enterprises and the development of the venture capital market. The ways in which entrepreneurship affects the economic growth of the country and the factors that stimulate entrepreneurship are additional areas of focus.

Gender Roles in the Economy : -
Explores the gender dimensions of economic life. For economics majors, an in-depth look at the different roles of men and women in the community, the market, and within the household, and how these are affected by economic and social change. For women’s studies and other social sciences majors, the discipline of economics is brought to bear on the study of women’s and men’s well-being and status in society. Usually offered every fall

Comparative Economic Systems: -
Analysis of capitalism, the mixed economy, socialism, and communism: the ways in which economic activities are organized; the role of monetary and financial institutions; the organization of industry, of agriculture, and of trade; the allocation of resources among competing goals, consumer sovereignty with economic planning. The organization, structure, and performance of the economy of the People's Republic of China. 'Transition to socialism'; industrial strategy; the commune system; ideology and economics; and the post-Mao economic reforms in agriculture and industry. Both analytical and descriptive methods used.

BUSINESS ECONOMICS: -

Managerial Economics: -
Application of economic concepts to the decision making of the firm. Topics may include market and demand analysis, risk and uncertainty, pricing, production, investment decisions, and capital budgeting.

Business Cycles and Forecasting: -
Examines basic causes of fluctuation in business activity. Topics include an examination of exogenous and endogenous influences on Gross National Product and other measures of economic activity, and the relationshipbetween cycles in Gross National Product and cycles in particular industries and companies. The course emphasizes methods and techniques currently in use by business forecasters.

Contemporary Government and Business Relations: -
The impact of government on market outcomes and business decision-making. Topics covered include the historical development of business and public policy, the current state of antitrust enforcement; issues involving multinational corporations; the basis for regulated markets and forces favoring deregulation; the impact of consumer protection laws, environmental protection policies, occupational and safety enforcement; and affirmative action policies on business; and the outlook for government and business relations in the future. Not open to students who have had PSC 4380.

Economics for Business Decisions and Resource Valuations: -
Applications of economic theory in the measurement and valuation of resources, including study of cost-benefit analysis in public and private investment decisions. Other topics include externalities, anti-trust, regulation, property rights, and uncertainty.

LABOR ECONOMICS: -

Labor Economics: -
Theoretical and empirical analysis of the supply and demand for labor, human capital and the education-income nexus, wage differentials, discrimination, job search, unemployment, and other problems. Study of wage theories and wage structures; wage-cost-price interaction; and wage, supply, and employment relationships.This course provides an overview of current topics in labor economics. Particular emphasis is placed on equilibrium search and matching models, with applications to labor and marriage markets. Other topics may include the analysis of welfare programs, fertility and human capital theory. Neoclassical approach to labor market analysis. Special attention is paid to the study of labor market phenomena from a microeconomic perspective, including the theory of wage rate determination, the concept of investment in human capital, the problems of race and sex discrimination, unemployment, and the impact of unionization on the structure of wages.

Advanced Labor Economics - Economic theory and empirical evidence relating to labor allocation and wage determination; Advanced Economics of the Labor Market - Static and dynamic labor supply life-cycle models, participation and selection bias, unemployment, duration models and labor market histories, and evaluation of training programs.Upon completion of this course a student will have a general working knowledge of the state of the art in labor market analysis and research.

INDUSTRIAL ECONOMICS: -

Industrial Organization: -
This course focuses on the analysis of market structure and market conduct. Topics include oligopoly theory, dynamic competition, price discrimination, auctions and industry dynamics. Topics include: i)regulation: the theory of the firm, pricing policy, distortions, political economy; ii)competition policy: analysis of policy in light of behavioural models of specific practices; and iii)quantitative studies: emphasis on integration of analytic framework and empirical investigation. Theory of the public interest, market failure, equity, and other justification for government expenditure and tax policy. Comparison of political and economic rationale for decision making.

URBAN ECONOMICS: -

Urban Economics: -
Analysis of the city-metropolis and the economic forces which condition its growth pattern and allocation of scarce resources. The public sector, especially local government, is examined in its role of solving the problems of inadequate jobs, housing, education, and other services.Analysis of the growth of metropolitan areas with special emphasis on the spatial distribution of population and employment within such areas. Urban problems and associated policy issues: congestion, pollution, poverty, housing, governmental structure, and the fiscal crisis of local governmentFocuses on the use of economic tools to analyze the key intraregional markets-land and housing, transportation, labor and public services-and examines their public policy implications. Also examines interregional relationships, the growth and decline of cities, and the economics ofurbanization.

Designed for either economics or urban studies concentrators. Examines urbanization processes and urban public policy in developing countries, including Korea, Indonesia, India, and China. Also draws on historical and recent experience in the U.S. Policy areas include policies affecting urbanization, migration, and industrial location; policies affecting housing, land use, and urban form; and policies affecting fiscal decentralization and infrastructure investments such as transportation.

HEALTH ECONOMICS: -

Economic Analysis for Health Policy and Management and Evaluation: -
This course introduces students to policy analysis and management by examining issues in the health sector. It fosters an appreciation of the complexity of policy problems and provides the basic tools used in policy design, implementation and evaluation.Major issues in health and medicine using the theoretical and empirical tools of economics. We assess economic models of health behaviors and market structures inclusive of insurance, physician and hospital services, and consider the implications of these models for the formation of policy. Examples from both developed and developing countries are considered This course introduces students to the basic concepts of economic theory as they are applied to issues in the health sector. Topics include: the supply and demand of health services; resource allocation; the demand for health, health care and health insurance; and the role of government intervention and regulation in the health care market.

Current issues and research in health policy are analyzed using a political economy Policy topics include: Controlling risk and uncertainty in insurance and health care markets, Incentives for profit and non-profit status, Health care quality and cost-containment in fee-for-service and managed care regimes, Rules vs. Incentives for health care delivery, Graduate medical education and malpractice reforms, Industry incentives in technology acquisition, and Equity and ethical dilemmas in efficiency evaluations.Economics concepts are used to explain the nature of demand and supply in the health care field. The behavior of consumers and health care providers is examined from an economic perspective. Areas of market failures and the rationale for government intervention are also described.

THEORITICAL ECONOMICS : -

Contract Theory: -
Recent developments in contract theory. Includes hidden action and hidden information models, dynamic agency issues, incomplete contracts, and applications of contract theory to theories of the firm and corporate financial structure

Static Optimization and General Equilibrium Theory: -
The first part of the course covers the basic optimization techniques used in static economic analysis and their application to a number of problems in economic theory. The second part of the course is devoted to static general equilibrium theory. The major emphasis is placed on the proof of the existence of a competitive equilibrium and the proof of the classical optimality properties of competitive equilibrium. Other topics which may be covered include the computation of equilibrium, non-Walrasian equilibrium theory, n-person game theory and its applications to economic models, monopolistic competition, the Leontief economy, the two-sector general equilibrium model, duality theory, index numbers and aggregation.

Dynamic Economic Theory: -
Covers the mathematics used in dynamic economic theory and its application to a number of topics. These may include the stability of Walrasian and non-Walrasian economies, capital and growth theory, planning in developed and underdeveloped economies, comparative dynamics, regulation and decentralization in mixed economies, the harvesting and extraction of reproducible and non-reproducible resources.

Experiments and Game Theory: -
The course will focus on the intersection of research in experimental economics and game theory. The dialogue between these fields has had an important influence on research topics for game theorists and on topics and methodology for experimentalists. There will be approximately equal weight on game theory and experimental methods and evidence. Game theory topics include evolutionary game theory, learning models, and the logic based models of knowledge and belief revision. The experimental topics will include design considerations and data analysis in the context of providing feedback for the development of the theory.

International Macroeconomic Policy: Theory and Evidence from Recent Financial Crisis: -
Introduction to international macroeconomics and review and analysis of current international macroeconomic and financial issues, policies and events, including: interest rates, exchange rates and asset prices in the global economy; causes and consequences of trade deficits an external imbalances; the Asian and the global financial crisis of 1997-99 and the policy response to it; causes of currency, banking and financial crises; short and long-term effects of monetary and fiscal policy; the drive to reform the international financial architecture; the debate on IMF and World Bank reform; emerging markets external debt and attempts to restructure it (the "bail-in / "burden sharing" debate); and the globalization of financial markets. These topics are integrated into a theoretical framework that stresses international factors from the start. Examples from the US, Europe, Japan and emerging market economies are used to enhance knowledge of the world economy

ENIVRONMENTAL ECONOMICS: -

Energy Economics, Resources, and the Environment : -
A systematic introduction to the policy issues associated with the changing role of energy and other resources in modern economics. Specifically, a microanalytic approach is used to evaluate complex policy problems associated with economic growth, energy development, and environmental externalities. For graduate students and advanced undergraduate economics majors. Usually offered every fall.Environmental pollution, social costs, population control, zoning, economics of public health, conservation of endangered species, natural wonders and artifacts, natural resource exhaustion, and end of progress hypotheses are examined and analyzed.

ECONOMICS HISTORY: -

History of Economic Thought : -
The evolution of modern economics with emphasis on the contributions of such writers as Smith, Malthus, Ricardo, Mill, Marx, Marshall and Keynes. The turn of events that motivated the construction of the main body of economic knowledge is also examined.Historical and analytical study of economic thought, beginning with Mercantilism and including the following schools of thought: Physiocratic, Classical, Marxian, Austrian, Neoclassical, Institutional, Keynesian, and Post-Keynesian. Development of economic thought in relation to its economic and institutional background from the ancient philosophers to Alfred Marshall and neoclassical economists. Emphasis is placed on the contributions to economic thought of the founders.

The Third World Economies: An Interdisciplinary Profile:
An interdisciplinary study of economic disparities among nations. Focus on Third World Countries: underdevelopment and poverty, problems in agricultural and industrial development. Population growth and unemployment. Global interdependence and role of the United States. Some global issues facing the Third World: debt crisis; privatization and deregulation; relationship with developed countries including the United States.

SOCAIL JUSTICE,LAW AND ANTI-TRUST ECONOMICS: -

Economics of Law: -
The application of economic concepts such as efficiency, externalities, and trade-offs to the analysis of common law, crime and punishment, product safety laws, and other legal interventions in market and nonmarket behavior. Examination of the behavior of firms in different market environments, industrial concentration, size and efficiency of business firms, market structure and performance, decision making and strategic behavior, anti-trust and regulation issues, analysis of property rights, contractual arrangements, illegal behavior, and the effect of liability rules on business behavior.

Social Choice and Economic Justice: -
Conservative, liberal, and radical normative theories. Conflicts between efficiency, equity, and liberty. Major contemporary writers on the "just economy." Institutional constraints, the role of the market, voting paradoxes, and the nature of social choice. Concepts of economic rationality. Economic justice and contemporary policy

Economics of Regulation and Antitrust: -
Analysis of various methods by which the government attempts to control the economic performance of the private sector. Economic analysis of government policies affecting business behavior, with focus on the U.S. economy. In addition to antitrust (or competition) policy and traditional public utility regulation, price and entry regulation in transportation and service sectors, and social (health, safety, and environmental) regulations are also evaluated.

OTHERS: -

Engineering Economic Analysis: -
Designed to provide an economic foundation for engineering decisions. The course stresses methods for making optimum choices among engineering alternatives. Topics include cash flow and present value analysis; break-even analysis; the impact of taxes and inflation on investment decisions; methods for assigning costs; the treatment of risk in decision making; and capital budgeting.

Economics of Poverty and Discrimination: -
Market and nonmarket issues in income determination. Emphasis on the supply and demand model and its application to the analysis of poverty and the poverty population. The effects of labor incomes and demographic and institutional factors of living standards, achievements, and shortcoming of income maintenance (welfare), equal opportunity and employment programs will be analyzed.

Economic Reasoning and Policy Analysis: -
An integrative capstone course for economics majors in which the technique of economic analysis are applied to a wide range of issues. Emphasis on the application of basic and advanced economic theoretical and empirical techniques to the analysis of issues relevant to the student’s undergraduate degree program and career goals. Basic concepts emphasized throughout the course includes the effect of incentives on behavior, the role of markets as resource allocation mechanisms, and the use of optimization analysis as a standard for comparing outcomes.

Economics of Aging: -
Business only with consent of the Associate Dean for Graduate Programs. For the non-economist, an examination of the economic implications of the changing age structure of the population, the economic status of the elderly, labor force participation and retirement decisions, pension issues, and other macroeconomic implications. The course will provide an agenda for both the present and future challenges facing policy makers, planners,program administrators, and researchers in the field.

Energy Economics: -
Origins of the energy crisis, the effect of oil prices on inflation and the international monetary system, the origins and nature of OPEC, the economic feasibility of alternative energy sources, U.S. energy policy alternatives, and other current issues in the field of Energy Economics. A portion of the course is devoted to examining the energy industry in Texas
and the Southwest.

Cost-Benefit Analysis: -
A course covering the techniques and applications of cost-benefit analysis including project and policy evaluation in the context of both developed and developing economies. Topics include: the welfare-economic foundations of cost-benefit analysis, investment decision rules, the choice of a social discount rate, risk and uncertainty, shadow pricing of inputs with and without distortions, and special problems of evaluation of policies and projects involving non-market goods, environmental impacts and other social objectives. In-depth coverage of social benefit/cost analysis of investment projects in LDCs with particular coverage of identification of national benefits and costs as well as alternative shadow pricing techniques. Hands-on analysis of several investment projects with use of PC-based computational aides.

The Pricing of Derivative Securities: -
Explores the theory and applications of derivative security pricing and, in particular, the interaction between an elegant mathematical theory and real-world application. Topics include binomial option pricing model, Black-Scholes option pricing formula, no-arbitrage and equivalent martingale measures, Ito's lemma, term-structure models, mortgage-backed securities.

Network Economics: -
Introduction to network economics, information economics, and electronic commerce. Markets such as publishing, telecommunications, electricity, and electronic commerce will be examined.

The Distribution of Income and Wealth: -
Theoretical, empirical, and institutional analysis of the distribution of income and wealth, including policies and programs designed to affect these distributions.

Computer Applications in Economics: -
Introduction to computer use and applications in economics, econometrics, and data analysis. Applications may include spreadsheet software such as Excel and statistical software such as SAS.k

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