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A series of potential plans
for the construction campaign at Albrook was submitted by the Department
Engineers in early 1928, and by May Plan D was adopted. A dispute
immediately began between the Engineering office and members of the Air
Corps planning staff over the siting of the hangars along the flight line.
The Air Corps officials insisted that the southern three hangars of the
plan be removed to the south to allow for the longest possible east-west
approach to the flying field. By early 1929, the dispute had been resolved
and Plan J was adopted and approved by the Engineers. This plan called for
six double-hangars, the southern three of which were to be separated from
the northern three to allow for the desired approach path. The number of
hangars was later amended to four for reasons of economy. Four large
barracks were laid out in a shallow crescent plan to the west of the
flight line, with space left for the addition of a fifth barracks when
funding allowed. Married Officer and NCO quarters were divided into two
general sections, with the officers' quarters situated along what are now
Dargue, Hazelhurst, and Canfield Avenues, and NCO quarters situated along
what are now Hall and Hanson Streets and Sempsey Circle (Figure 7). In
1929, a contract was let to the Panama Canal Company for the hydraulic and
dry fill operations necessary for the resurfacing of the flying field, and
work began immediately. Original bids from a great number of American
contractors for the building construction projects were opened in October
1930, but all exceeded the Congressional appropriation, and were rejected.
The construction plan was then revised to allow for less expensive
construction materials, although no reductions in the scope of
construction were approved. New bids were submitted by November 1930, and
the resulting contracts divided the work between three different
companies. The J. A. Jones Construction Co., of Charlotte, NC received the
contract for the construction of all barracks, quarters, utilities, and
the hangar and shop foundations. J. W. Patience received the contract for
the erection of the hangars and shops. Tucker T. McClure was selected for
the construction of aprons, roads, and ramps.90
A series of potential plans
for the construction campaign at Albrook was submitted by the
Department Engineers in early 1928, and by May Plan D was adopted.
A dispute immediately began between the Engineering office and
members of the Air Corps planning staff over the siting of the
hangars along the flight line. The Air Corps officials insisted
that the southern three hangars of the plan be removed to the
south to allow for the longest possible east-west approach to the
flying field. By early 1929, the dispute had been resolved and
Plan J was adopted and approved by the Engineers. This plan called
for six double-hangars, the southern three of which were to be
separated from the northern three to allow for the desired
approach path. The number of hangars was later amended to four for
reasons of economy. Four large barracks were laid out in a shallow
crescent plan to the west of the flight line, with space left for
the addition of a fifth barracks when funding allowed. Married
Officer and NCO quarters were divided into two general sections,
with the officers' quarters situated along what are now Dargue,
Hazelhurst, and Canfield Avenues, and NCO quarters situated along
what are now Hall and Hanson Streets and Sempsey Circle (Figure
7).
Figure 7 -
Aerial view of Albrook Field showing general layout
resulting from Plan D, with flying field (upper center),
barracks (center right), NCO housing (center), and officers'
quarters (lower left), late 1932.
(Source: History Office,
Howard AFB, RoP) |
In 1929, a
contract was let to the Panama Canal Company for the hydraulic and
dry fill operations necessary for the resurfacing of the flying
field, and work began immediately. Original bids from a great
number of American contractors for the building construction
projects were opened in October 1930, but all exceeded the
Congressional appropriation, and were rejected. The construction
plan was then revised to allow for less expensive construction
materials, although no reductions in the scope of construction
were approved. New bids were submitted by November 1930, and the
resulting contracts divided the work between three different
companies. The J. A. Jones Construction Co., of Charlotte, NC
received the contract for the construction of all barracks,
quarters, utilities, and the hangar and shop foundations. J. W.
Patience received the contract for the erection of the hangars and
shops. Tucker T. McClure was selected for the construction of
aprons, roads, and ramps.90
The Panama
Canal Company began work on the flying field in 1929, and
proceeded rapidly thereafter. The project called for hydraulic
fill varying in depth from 2-6 ft over the entire field. This fill was
obtained from the Canal prism, and amounted to some 1.2 million
cubic yards of material (Figure 8). Additional dry fill to a depth
of 1 ft was then authorized for certain areas to support aprons,
runways, hangars, and shops. These filling operations were all
completed by early 1931 (Figure 9). By that time, the two small
rivers that flowed through the Albrook reservation were also
directed through underground culverts. A system of drains and
culverts was then emplaced throughout the flying field to allow
for rapid drainage during tropical storms. These efforts improved
the field's ability to operate in adverse weather, but even then
significant delays were experienced after heavy rains. The nature
of the filled land on which Albrook was situated continued to
present a source of difficulty.
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Figure 8 - Dredging Division activities at Albrook Field showing
discharge end of new 24 in. D19391-Electric Pipeline Suction
Dredge, 3 May 1929. Pipeline length was 7,600 ft. and
material was clay, sand, shell, gravel, and silt. (Source:
Selected Panama Canal Photographs 1904-1939, Vol. 8, PCC
Technical Resources Center, Balboa, RoP) |
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Figure 9 - Aerial
view of Albrook Field early in original construction
campaign, showing completed fill operations, 25 March
1931. (Source: History Office, Howard AFB, RoP) |
Having been
applied in three different efforts, the field experienced a
constant uneven settling, resulting in pocket depressions that
filled with water and required far too long to drain and dry. This
constant settling action left the field very uneven -- even
exposing drain covers at times, which posed particular hazards to
landing operations. The drainage system was fine for continental
U.S. precipitation levels, but was completely inadequate for
tropical conditions. After heavy rains, the field required days to
dry out before it could be used again. As early as 1931, Major
General Preston Brown, commanding general of the Panama Canal
Department, stated that concrete runways placed in the direction
of the prevailing winds would be absolutely necessary for safe,
reliable, efficient aircraft operations from Albrook Field. This
improvement, however, was delayed for many years due to funding
shortages, and was finally completed only in 1939. Even with this
artificial surface, in fact, yearly settling produced many
maintenance and repair problems, which eventually played a large
role in the decision to abandon the field in favor of Howard AFB
in 1961. 91
(Footnotes
and bibliography are at the end of
this section)
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