Narcolepsy and Cataplexy(also
Catalepsy):
GHB: What is; (Description
and other information below)
GHB
(aka Gammahydroxybutyrate aka sodium gamma-hydroxybutyrate)
GHB,
or gamma-hydroxybutyrate, is a normal component of mammalian
metabolism. It is found naturally in every cell in the human body and is
most properly considered a nutrient. In the brain, the highest amounts
are found in the hypothalamus
and basal
ganglia [Gallimberti, 1989]. GHB is found in greater concentrations
in kidney, heart, skeletal muscles, and brown fat tissues [Chin and Kreutzer,
1992]. It is believed to be a neurotransmitter,
although the jury is still out as to whether it exhibits all of the properties
required for fulfillment of this function [Chin and Kreutzer, 1992]. It
is both a metabolite and precursor of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA
(gamma-aminobutyric acid, or gamma-aminobutyrate), another nutrient to
which it bears a close structural relationship. GHB,
however, does not act directly on GABA receptor sites [Chin and Kreutzer,
1992].
It has been used in earlier years for its beneficial
effects in patients with narcolepsy. There have been however,
a few cases where the patient suffered health problems, and in one case
known died while under a doctors care. It is this and other situations
outside of its use with narcolepsy that have given some in the medical
health field concerns on whether to reclassify
GHB as a controlled substance.
References:
1. Gallimberti L, Gentile N, Cibin M, Fadda F, Canton G, Ferri M, Ferrara
SD and Gessa GL. Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid for treatment of alcohol withdrawal
syndrome. The Lancet, 787-9, 30 September 1989. 2. Chin MY,
Kreutzer RA and Dyer JE. Acute poisoning from gamma-hydroxybutyrate in
California. West J Med (United States). 156(4): 380-4, April 1992.
is
a Controlled Substance in "some" states. Always seek the advice of a Attorney
before ordering.
For more information visit::
A.) NCADI
Website; Q&A on GHB
B.) Stanford
University; GHB
C.) Michael
Cohn's website on GHB
D.) FAQ
Section for GHB
E.) GHB:
side effects, legal status info
F.) GHB
and the treatment of narcolepsy
G.) [the]
GHB Information Site
H.) Abstracts:
GHB and Narcolepsy
I.) Lycaeum's
Links and Resources
J.) CERI;
about GHB
K.) GHB:
Gamma-OH
L.) GHB
info.com (alot of info btw)
M.) "Another
GHB Page"(Recommended)
N.) CERI:
GHB PAGE (you should read this)
O.) GHB:
the Antidepressant: Gamma-OH P.) GHB
- New Perspectives (NC-17 Page btw)
Q.) HMB,
or beta hydroxy beta methylbutyrate; virtually identical to GHB. But patented.
R.) Dumb
on Drugs: GHB & the FDA
GHB: Testimonials & misc Experiences:
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PART
1: Read no further until you review this ladies website "Click
Here"
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PART 2: Now got this
page. Written by a webmaster and sent to the above
author.
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A.) GHBinfo:
Testify
B.) Miscellaneous
C.) Detailed
accounts
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Studies performed on "GHB": (a.k.a. Gammahydroxybutyrate)
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A.) "Pharmacokinetic
effects of gammahydroxybutyrate (GHB) in narcoleptic patients"
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(Note: PDF File. Acrobat
Reader Required) ""
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B.) "Narcoleptics
- methylphenidate: a comparison of sleep, MWT and performance measures"
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C.) "Simultaneous
stimulation of slow-wave sleep & GH secretion by GHB in normal young
Men"
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D.) "Non-response
of a case of fatal familial insomnia to gamma hydroxy butyrate"
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E.) "Trigger
of paradoxical sleep w/ GHB in the rat, blocked w/ GHB receptor antagonist..."
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F.)"Rewarding
properties of GHB: an evaluation through place preference paradigm"
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G.) "Gamma-hydroxybutyric
acid decreases intravenous cocaine self-administration in rats."
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H.) "GABAB
receptors..., excitatory synaptic transmission in rat supraoptic nucleus
in vitro."
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I.) "Gamma
hydroxybutyrate is not a GABA agonist"
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J.) "Gammahydroxybutyrate
and narcolepsy: a double-blind placebo-controlled study"
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K.) "Effects
of gamma-hydroxybutyrate on the sleep of narcolepsy patients: a double-blind
study"
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L.) "Effects
on nocturnal & diurnal sleep; : REM sleep-triggering mechanisms"
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M.) "GHB--new
hope for narcoleptics?"
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N.) "GHB
versus placebo in treating narcolepsy-cataplexy: double-blind subjective
measures"
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O.) "Nocturnal
GHB. Effect on periodic leg movements & sleep organization of N-patients"
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P.) "Treatment
of narcolepsy with GHB. A review of clinical and sleep laboratory findings"
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Q.) "Nocturnal
sleep of narcoleptic patients: revisited"
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R.) "The
effects and effectiveness of gamma-hydroxybutyrate in patients with narcolepsy"
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S.) "The
treatment of narcolepsy-cataplexy with nocturnal gamma-hydroxybutyrate"
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T.) "The
effects of gamma-hydroxybutyrate on sleep"
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U.) "Tiapride-induced
catalepsy is potentiated by gamma-hydroxybutyric acid administration"
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V.) "Modulatory
effects of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid on a GABA(A) receptor..."
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W.) "Review
of the effects of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid with recommendations for management"
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X.) "Seven
cases of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid overdose"
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My
purpose for providing so many links and references for this Drug is that
if used without a Doctor trained in its proper use, one may find themselves
dialing 9-1-1. Assuming they are able. But the Drug, GHB has had many great
success stories. And of course many no-so-great. Please investigate this
Drug before ordering, requesting etc. This is not a Drug to be played with.
Used properly it can be very effective. Or dangerous if used wrong. Always
do your homework first.
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SOURCES: (Providers Oversea's
where you can find and order)
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*NEW: Help
with paying for your Narcolepsy medications
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*I
have kept the brief list of possible providers of medications to the end
of this article. But for GHB it is provided normally by companies that
only supply compounds that are hard to find. And a very few Antiaging
companies that market GHB in other forms as well.
Therefore these links
below are intended for GHB only.
Further note. if
a source is "in" the United States, the provider may require a prescription.
Or some form of
documentation that you will use GHB only under a doctors supervision. Which
is sound advise. First make sure it is legal in your home state. Then seek
a doctor who has knowledge of GHB.
To help everyone
who visits the various pages of my web site I have listed two unique resources
for locating doctors who have knowledge of medications, drugs such as these.
To find a doctor
in your area and home state that may be able to help you with GHB please
refer to my section entitled " 7.
Providers of Over Sea's Medications ". And once there scroll down
to the middle of that page until you reach two sections marked " NEW ".
Called, " Practitioner Referral Listing
" & " Physician Directory
". Between those two resources you should find a doctor in your area that
has the knowledge of GHB that can prescribe it if they see fit. And will
supervise the proper useage of it. I would normally just provide a link
to those two resources so you could jump to the resources themselves. However
in this case each is unique in their own right and I have made a brief
description of each on that sections page. So please feel free to visit
it.
* Do
Not contact supply sources without reading and reviewing "all" links. And
doing your homework on the proper pre-cautions and the correct use of GHB.
And I would not recommend using without first visiting a doctor who has
knowledge of the drug. And who will supervise your useage. Under a doctors
care who knows the drug well it is very safe normally. But without, it
can be dangerous for the inexperienced user.
A.)
International
Antiaging Systems, Ltd B.)
Laborit's
List of GHB resources
C.) Smart-Publications
(sources)
D.) Ghb
providing sources
E.) Lab-Tech
THE LAW & GHB:
This
is by no means a complete resource for legal areas surrounding "GHB".
Always seek advice of legal counsel before presuming to be in the "legal
right". Nothing listed here is meant to be used as legal advice.
Legal Status and Availability:
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GHB
is not a approved medication by the FDA in the US, and has been banned
from over the counter sale by the FDA. GHB has not yet been scheduled
as a controlled substance by the DEA, and therefore simple possession is
not necessarily illegal. GHB continues to be sold to legitimate laboratories
and scientists for research purposes, but selling it specifically for human
consumption, especially while making claims about its health benefits,
is a violation of current FDA regulations and policy. (Reference
link click here)
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Some legal reference links: *
A.) Erowid
GHB Legislation Page
B.) CERI:
Reaction concerning Laws, and GHB
C.) GHB;
Law Index; US States
D.) Erowids
GHB Legal Resources Page
E.) GHB
Report to the California Legislature
Return
to Introduction Page