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A Closer Look at HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE for Windows 95

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE is the handle key that represents the hives that control the system and software. The settings are independent of the user, because they are made for all users who will use the system. Figure B.1 shows the eight main keys in HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE inside REGEDIT.EXE, the Registry editor for Windows 95.

Figure B.1. HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE and its eight first-level keys.

All of the settings in this chapter appear in the following format.

Key Name

Full path=Handle Key\Keyname

Description, specific information, values

Second-Level Key Name

Full path=Handle Key\Keyname\Keyname

Description, specific information, values

Third-Level Key Name


Full path=Handle Key\Keyname\Keyname\Keyname

Description, specific information, values

Additional Level Key Names


Full path=Handle Key\Keyname\Keyname\Keyname\Keyname(\Keyname)

Description, specific information, values

AppEvents

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\AppEvents

The AppEvents key in Windows 95 is empty, for future use with client/server applications in thin clients. The application will actually reside on the network server, and this key will hold the pointers to the parts and pieces.

Config

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Config

The Config key holds display and printer configurations. Each configuration will be stored in a key called 0001 or 0002 and so on, one for every configuration. If you only have a single hardware configuration, you will only have the key 0001.

0001

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Config\0001

This is the only key under Config if you have only one hardware profile. The value ProfileFlags shows whether hardware profiles are used on the system. The default is
00 00 00 00
, which means they are turned off.

Display

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Config\0001\Display

This shows the display settings for the screen font, window sizing, and window positioning.

System

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Config\0001\System

This key holds information about the printers on the system.

CurrentControlSet\Control\Print\Printers

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Config\0001\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Print\Printers

Under this key, there is a key for each printer on the system.

Figure B.2 shows the printers in my system.

Adding and removing printers through Control Panel will adjust this list.

Figure B.2. Installed printers.


Enum

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Enum

The Enum key holds the information about hardware devices that are found during startup. Windows 95 uses "bus enumerators" to detect hardware during setup and pull information form various .INF files. The devices shown here are those that were installed and have been detected at startup. Figure B.3 shows the keys under the Enum key.

Figure B.3. All of the hardware settings in Windows 95 are referenced in the Enum key.

Listed in this section will only be devices that are unique and require special explanation.

BIOS

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Enum\BIOS

The BIOS key stores information on all the Plug and Play devices in the system. They are listed as a set of code numbers, with specifications for each in the values. For example, *PNP0400 is the key for the parallel port LPT1. If LPT1 didn't respond to the Plug and Play functions, instead of being listed here, it would have been listed in the Root key under Enum.

Root

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Enum\Root

The Root key holds all the information for the non-Plug and Play BIOS devices. Looking here, we can quickly determine which devices have responded to Plug and Play functions, and which haven't. Figure B.4 illustrates that, and lists the devices in my system that are not compatible with Plug and Play.

Figure B.4. Devices incompatible with Plug and Play.

An example is the SCSI adapter, my Adaptec 1542C host adapter. A device that must match the configuration in Windows 95 with the hardware settings has a value named ForcedConfig, which the system will not try to change.

Network

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Enum\Network

The networking functions for Windows 95 are detailed in this key. Subkeys are included for each major service and protocol that is installed. Table B.1 shows the key and its corresponding service.

Table B.1. Network services in the Registry.

Key name

Description

MSTCP

TCP/IP protocol

NETBEUI

NetBEUI protocol

NWLINK

NWLink protocol

NWNBLINK

NWLink protocol with NetBIOS support

NWREDIR

Microsoft client for NetWare networks

REMOTEREG

Remote Registry Editing service

VREDIR

Client for Microsoft networks

VSERVER

File and Printer sharing for Microsoft networks



Inside of each of the keys is details about how Windows 95 will use the service.

Hardware

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\HARDWARE

A little deceptive, the Hardware key only holds information for the HyperTerminal program, relative to the math co-processor and the serial ports. It appears that it would hold much more and be a major key, but all of the settings and specifics are in the Enum key.

Network

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Network

This key holds information only about the primary network logon. The details of all the network services are held in the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Enum\Network key.

SECURITY

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SECURITY

This key is reserved for future use with higher security functions and compatibility with
Windows NT.

SOFTWARE

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE

The settings for all installed 32-bit software and .INI files for applications are listed in this key. The items included vary, depending on the software installed. Control functions for those applications are listed in the many subkeys located here.

SYSTEM

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM

This key stores all information required for the system to start, and for the recovery of the system in case of failure. It includes the control sets describing the device drivers, their settings, and other services.

CurrentControlSet

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet

This subkey contains descriptions and controls for device drivers and other services. Unlike Windows NT, Windows 95 only holds information on the current control set of drivers. Control

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control

This subkey holds the information that is set in the Control Panel applets in Windows 95. Do not edit this information through the Registry editor because some applets make changes in more than one Registry location. A missing entry may cause the system to be unstable. The following list holds the subkeys under the Control key: ComputerName

FileSystem

IDConfigDB

InstalledFiles

Keyboard Layouts

MediaProperties

MediaResources

NetworkProvider

Nls

PerfStats

Print

PwdProvider

SecurityProviders

ServiceProvider

Session Manager

Shutdown

TimeZoneInformation

Update

VMM32Files

WebPost

Services

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services

This key contains all the standard services that come with Windows 95, plus any that have been added through the installation of services or devices. Each standard service key contains configuration and identification settings.

Arbitrators

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Arbitrators

The arbitrators keys hold the information required to resolve conflicts between two devices when they are competing for the same settings. The four subkeys hold information about RAM address conflicts, DMA, I/O port conflicts, and IRQ conflicts.

Class

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Class

The class key holds all the subkeys for control of all the classes of devices that Windows 95 supports. These are similar to the groupings of devices you see in the Add New Hardware wizard, and holds information as to how the devices will be installed.

inetaccs

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\inetaccs

This key holds information about the various Internet Explorer accessories available in the system. It is only installed when you have installed Internet Explorer 2.0 or above.

MSNP32

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\MSNP32

The MSNP32 key describes how the Client for Microsoft Networks is going to function. It holds information about the authentication process and the authenticator.

MWNP32

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\NWNP32

The NWNP32 key describes how the Microsoft Client for NetWare Networks is going to function. It holds information about the authentication process and the authenticator.

RemoteAccess

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\RemoteAccess

Inside this key is the information required for Remote Access to work on the Windows 95 system. It includes authentication parameters, host information, and protocol information in order to create a dial-up environment that will work.

SNMP

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\SNMP

This key holds all the parameters for SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol). That includes the permitted managers, the trap configuration, and the valid communities.

VxD

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\VxD

The VxD key holds information on all the 32-bit virtual device drivers in Windows 95. Windows 95 automatically manages them, so there is no reason to edit them with a Registry editor. All the static VxDs are listed with a subkey under this key.

WebPost

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\WebPost

The WebPost key holds settings and pointers for all loaded Internet Mail post offices. If you connect to a service provider, and it is listed here, you will poll the server for any mail that is to be delivered to you.

Winsock

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Winsock

Information about the Winsock file to be used when connecting to the Internet is listed in this key. If the incorrect file is listed, you will not be able to get onto the Internet. WinTrust

WinTrust

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\WinTrust

The WinTrust function is set in the Registry as part of the process of checking every file downloaded from the Internet for viruses. It will ensure you get only clean files.

Summary

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE holds all the filename, file-location, and setting information for the entire system, and all its attached devices. It is updated by the Control Panel, by the installation of devices, and through utilities.

Disclaimer: Modifying the registry can cause serious problems that may require you to reinstall your operating system. We cannot guarantee that problems resulting from the incorrect use of the registry can be solved. Use the information provided at your own risk.

   
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