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U.S.
MILITARY PRESENCE IN PANAMA (1903-1999)
HISTORY
SENIOR
MILITARY COMMANDS AND COMMANDERS
MAJOR
SUBORDINATE COMMANDS
FORCES
/ UNITS
CHANGING
MISSIONS AND STRATEGIES
MAJOR
EVENTS
--
Panama
Canal Treaty Implementation
(1979-1999)
ã
Operation
Just Cause (Dec
20, 1989 - Jan 12, 1990)
--
Operation Promote Liberty (Jan
12, 1990 - mid-1994)
--
Operation
Safe Haven
(Sept 1994-Feb 1995)
EXERCISES / OPERATIONS
-- Engineering
Exercises (Fuertes Caminos; New Horizons)
-- Other Exercises
MAJOR
INSTITUTIONS
-- U.S.
Army School of the Americas
-- Inter-American
Air Forces Academy
-- Naval
Small Craft Instruction and Technical Training School (NAVSCIATTS)
-- Army
Jungle Operations Training Center
-- Army
Tropic Test Center
-- Inter-American
Geodetic Survey
MILITARY
STEWARDSHIP OF ENVIRONMENT
VIGNETTES
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(UNDER
CONSTRUCTION -- MORE TO COME)
OPERATION
JUST CAUSE
INVASION OF
PANAMA (December 20, 1989)
BACKGROUND
-- CHRONOLOGY
OF KEY EVENTS AND ACTIONS
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Key
Events - Political Crisis 1987-Dec 20,1989 - Summary |
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Crisis
in Panama (1987-Dec 20, 1989) |
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Panama
Defense Forces Sponsored Incidents of Harassment and
Intimidation Against U.S. military community and Ensuing
Treaty Violations |
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Public
Announcements of Initiation of Just Cause |
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Strategic
and Tactical Objectives
and 27 Targets at H-Hour |
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Key
Events / Objectives - Operation Just Cause - Dec 20, 1989
- Jan 12, 1990 |
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| PARTICIPATING
FORCES |
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List
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| ARTICLES,
PAPERS, AND DOCUMENTS |
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Operations
Just Cause Panama,
Ronald H. Cole, Joint History Office, Office of the Chairman
of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, 1995.
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Operation
Just Cause and the Principles of War, Lieutenant
Colonel William C. Bennett, US Army (now retired), Military Review,
March 1991.
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The Panama Invasion
Revisited: Lessons for the Use of Force in the Post Cold
War Era, Eytan Gilboa, Political Science Quarterly
(Volume
110, Number 4, p.539), © Political Science Quarterly,
1995. |
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An overlooked hero
...
Few have heard of Gen. Marc
Cisneros, but he deserves much of the credit for the success of
Operation Just Cause ..., David Adams, © St. Petersburg
Times, published December 20, 1999. |
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Panama:
Operations Just Cause
by Anthony Gray and Max Manwaring, chapter 2 of Policing
the New World Disorder : Peace Operations and Public
Security, edited by Robert B. Oakley, Michael J.
Dziedzic, Eliot M. Goldberg, Published by NDU Press
(National Defense University) |
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| ISSUES |
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Panamanian
Casualties during Operation Just Cause |
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| OPERATION
PROMOTE LIBERTY -- Follow-On Assistance to Panama |
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Summary |
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Key
Events - Summary |
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WHERE
ARE THEY NOW? |
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Key
U.S. Participants |
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Panamanian |
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Site
developed, owned and maintained by
William
H. Ormsbee, Jr.
2005-2007 |
General Frederick
Woerner
Commander in Chief,
U.S. Southern Command
(June 1987 - Sept
1989)
Previously
Commanding General,
193d Infantry Brigade (Panama) -- Southern Command's Army component at
Fort Clayton
(1982 - 1986)
Brig. Gen. Marc
Cisneros
Director of
J3/Operations, U.S. Southern Command
(1987 -
June 1989)
Maj.
Gen. Marc Cisneros Commanding General
U.S.
Army South
(June 1989
- July 1990)
President George H.W.
Bush
(January 20, 1989 -
January 20, 1993)
Richard Cheney
Secretary of Defense
and
General Colin Powell
Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff
General Manuel Antonio
Noriega
Commander of the Panama
Defense Forces and Dictator of Panama
(1983-Dec. 20, 1989)
(below)
Noriega in custody of DEA after surrendering to U.S. Forces Jan. 3,
1990.
Final
Destination - a Miami jail
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