Macular hole :-

I am sure when you were a kid, you have tried focusing sunlight on a paper with a magnifying lens. Remember, initially the paper had a little thin spot and ultimately burnt a hole. Well, that is what happens when you look at the sun with naked eyes, the difference being that the hole is in the macula.

When there is a loss of tissue at the macula it forms a macular hole. It may be full thickness or partial thickness hole.

Causes -

2. Injury for e.g. with viewing an solar eclipse with naked eyes. It can also occur with any type mechanical injury.

3. Aging

4. Degenerative diseases

Symptoms -

Vision when looking at the object 'straight ahead' is blurred, while objects around it can be seen. The edges  may appear tilted, distorted, absent.

Amsler's Grid appears distorted.

Management

The eye-doctor will put dilating drops in the eye and take a look with fundoscope and an indirect ophthalmoscope. He may also view it with a special lens, while seating you on the slit-lamp.

There is no 'treatment' for a macular hole.

The eye is like the brain, once a tissue is lost, it is lost forever. It can never grow back.

Complications of macular hole ,like a detachment of surrounding retina can occur and this can be treated with surgery and Laser. This can improve the vision, but the vision can sadly never become 'normal' again.

Low-vision aids can help in overcoming difficulty in daily life.

Central Serous Retinopathy :-

This is a disease of young men.

Symptoms-

Usually occurs in one eye.

Blurred vision, distortion of vision.

An eye exam shows that you have a swelling of the macula.

Why this happens is not exactly known. It is not generally due to infection.

Management

A Fluorescein Angiography may be done to document it.

It does not require any treatment. It heals on its own in about 3-6 months!  It may recur.