|
|
This page, 23. War in Europe and Africa, has
been moved for expansion.
Click here to see page 23.
-
The mural is called 'Guernica'.
The mural is an oil painting on canvas by the
Spanish artist Pablo Picasso.
Picasso painted the mural in Paris from May 1
to June 4, 1937.
Guernica is the name of a village in the Basque
region of northern Spain.
The village was bombed by the German Luftwaffe
for three hours and almost completely destroyed
in 1937.
The mural is of the bombardment of Guernica by
the Germans.
The Spanish Civil War, from 1936 to 1939,
was a war between the Left and the Right
in Spain.
In the Civil War, the government and
Republicans were on one side and the
military and nationalists on the other.
The Spanish nationalists were aided by
the German Nazis and Italian fascists.
In the end, in 1939, the nationalists,
led by General Francisco Franco, won and
Franco was dictator of Spain until his
death in 1975.
Democracy and the monarchy were restored.
Picasso was born in Málaga, Spain in 1881.
Picasso lived most of his life in France. He lived
in Paris from 1901 to the late 1940s, when he moved
to the south of France.
He died at his home in Mougins, in Provence, in 1973.
Discussion with Steven Zucker and Beth Harris
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a3IX1YgRG-g&t=219s
Financial Times
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3lo5OSGg1k0
James Payne
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qJLH7JAsBHA
--------------
Brief chronology of historical events in Spain
200s B. C. to 400s A. D.:
Roman rule of the Iberian Peninsula, which the Romans
called Hispania.
400s A. D. to Germanic tribes / Suebi, Vandals,
Alans, Visigoths invaded the Iberian Peninsula
and established kingdoms.
Umayyad rule of Al-Andalus / 711 - 1031
Muslim rule continued
718 / 722 - 1492: The Reconquista - Spanish Christians
recover the Iberian Peninsula, expel the Moors
1469: King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen
Isabella I of Castile marry and thus unify Spain
1478 - 1834: The Spanish Inquisition, started by
the Catholic Monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella I of
Castile.
Muslims and Jews are forced to convert to Christianity
or leave Spain.
1516 to 1556: King Charles I of Spain is also the
Holy Roman Emperor from 1519 to 1556. Spain under
Hapsburg rule.
1556 to 1598: King Philip II of Spain
1588: The Spanish Armada flounders off the British Isles
1701 - 1714: War of the Spanish Succession
1700 to the present: Bourbon Dynasty in Spain
1808 - 1813: The Bonapartes, the French invasion
and occupation of Spain
1868 - 1874: Revolution
1868: Queen Isabella II of Spain deposed
1868 - 1871: Provisional government
1870: King Amadeo I of Italy is elected king of Spain
1873: King Amadeo abdicates
1873: Parliament proclaims a republic
1873 to 1874: First Spanish Republic
1874: military coup ousts the government
1874: military coup restores the Bourbon monarchy
with King Alfonso XII, son of Queen Isabella II
1874 to 1931: Bourbon restoration
1878 - 1888: The Ten Years' War in Cuba, Cubans fight
for independence from Spain
1898: The Spanish-American War
Spain loses its last major colonial possessions -
Cuba, Philippines
1902: Alfonso XIII comes of age, the regency ends
1923: Military coup by Captain Miguel Primo de Rivera
1923 - 1930: Primo de Rivera is prime minister and
dictator of Spain
1923 - 1930: martial law in Spain
1930: Primo de Rivera retires, moves to Paris, and dies
1931: elections in Spain
1931: King Alfonso XIII is forced to abdicate and go
into exile. He dies in 1941.
1931: Second Spanish Republic proclaimed
1931 to 1939: Second Spanish Republic, a
democratic government of Spain
1936 - 1939: The Spanish Civil War
The government, Republicans, leftists, liberals,
socialists, communists, anarchists, Basque and
Catalan separatists / nationalists
versus
Nationalists, the military, rightists, conservatives, clerics, fascists
1939: General Francisco Franco and the Nationalists
defeat the Republicans
1939 - 1975: Franco dictatorship
1975: Franco dies, dictatorship ends, democracy restored, constitutional monarchy restored with King Juan Carlos I.
1982: NATO membership
THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR
1936 to 1939
War between Republicans and Nationalists
500,000 killed
00:42 The Background to the war
02:26 Murders in July 1936
03:49 The First Victims
04:51 External Support
05:26 The International Brigades
07:30 The consequences of the Spanish Civil War
History of Spain
December 2020
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WQYDbtY8aNU
The Spanish Civil War
Documentary series
Granada TV / Britain
1983
Six episodes
Each episode is about 52 to 53 minutes
Episode 1
Prelude to Tragedy
1931 - 1936
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M_I6C-VbFvI&t=1718s
or
https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7yr520
Episode 2
Revolution, Counter-Revolution and Terror
https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x15nh46
Episode 3
Battleground for Idealists
https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x15nej0
Episode 4
Franco and the Nationalists
https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7yr50l
Episode 5
Inside the Revolution
https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7yrz8t
Episode 6
Victory and Defeat
https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x15nd7w
FOR WHOM THE BELL TOLLS
A novel by Ernest Hemingway
Set in Spain during the Spanish Civil War
(1936 to 1939)
1940
A movie based on the novel with Gary Cooper
and Ingrid Bergman
1943
In Spain in 1937, the International Brigades
were a large military force formed in support
of the democratic Republic and anti-fascist
causes.
Robert Jordan, an American volunteer with the
Brigades, is portrayed by Gary Cooper.
While on a mission to blow up an important
bridge, Jordan falls in love with a young
woman, portrayed by Ingrid Bergman, who
lives with guerrillas.
2:45:30
Begins with an overture
https://m.ok.ru/video/3715679914702
or
2 hrs. 50 min.
Without overture
https://ok.ru/video/1781296204418
Also, in two parts
Part 1
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sueOfxx7QHQ
Part 2
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Kip_Sxes7
For Whom the Bell Tolls
by John Donne
1624
No man is an island,
Entire of itself.
Each is a piece of the continent,
A part of the main.
If a clod be washed away by the sea,
Europe is the less.
As well as if a promontory were.
As well as if a manner of thine own
Or of thine friend's were.
Each man's death diminishes me,
For I am involved in mankind.
Therefore, send not to know
For whom the bell tolls,
It tolls for thee.
THE SPANISH EARTH
1937
Documentary
Narrated by Ernest Hemingway
53:56
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MT8q6VAyTi8
|
|
|
