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The Old Testament The Hebrew Bible The
Tanakh
The Isaiah Scroll, one of the Dead Sea Scrolls, in Hebrew, from 4th
to 2nd century (399 to 100 B. C.)
The
Lands and cities of the Bible
The 24 books of the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh)
-
The Torah, or Pentateuch = Five books, the Law of Moses (Instruction)
- Nevi'im = Prophets (Former and Latter [Major and Minor])
- Ketuvim = Writings (The Three Poetic Books, The Five Scrolls, and The Three Other
Books)
The Catholic Church Old Testament has 46 books
The Protestant Church Old Testament has 39 books
Image
The Eastern Orthodox Church Old Testament has 50 books
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A People is Born
First of nine episodes of the 1984 - 1998 documentary
series Heritage: Civilization and the Jews presented
by Abba Eban
The Power
of the Word
Episode # 2 of the 1984
documentary series Heritage: Civilization and the Jews presented by Abba Eban
-------
Secrets of the Bible
Episode from the documentary series The Bible's Buried Secrets
(NOVA)
The Garden of Eden
In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth. (Genesis 1:1.)
God creating the universe on the first day (1220).
Adam and Eve
And God said, Let us make man in our image, after our own likeness . . . (Genesis 1:26).
God created man, Adam.
He set Adam in paradise
- the Garden of Eden.
God told Adam that he could eat all the fruit in the garden but forbade him not
to pick the fruit of the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil.
But
of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, thou shalt not eat of it: for in the day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt
surely die. (Genesis 2:17)
. . . male and female created
he them. (Genesis 1:27).
God created a woman, Eve, for Adam.
Adam
and Eve by the Danish painter Julius Paulsen in 1893
A serpent tempted Eve to pick the forbidden fruit. Eve offered the fruit to Adam.
Adam and Eve by Jan Gossaert (ca.
1525)
Adam and Eve ate the fruit. This gave them Knowledge of Good and Evil.
But this made God angry. Ada and Eve had disobeyed Him. So He banished them from the Garden of Eden.
Love and Sex in the Hebrew Bible Episode from the
documentary series Mysteries of the Bible
Cain and Abel
The first two sons of Adam
and Eve were Cain and Abel.
Cain murdered Abel.
Cain and Abel by Titian (1542 - 1544)
Cain & Abel: A Murder Mystery Episode from the documentary series Mysteries of the Bible https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hzgt4KDOBVQ
----------------
Noah and the Ark
God saw that His people had
not turned out as he wanted and decided to return the world to its original state, with only water.
He commanded Noah to build an ark for himself and his family and board one pair of each kind of animal, male
and female.
When the ark was completed, God created a storm that flooded the Earth for
40 days and 40 nights. All life perished.
Noah's Ark by Edward Hicks, 1846
Noah's Ark
BBC documentary
The Great Flood by Bonaventura
I Peeters (1614 - 1652), Flemish painter.
After 150 days, the sea dried and Noah and the ark reached Mount Ararat.
----------------
Abraham
The angel Gabriel stops Abraham from sacrificing
his son Isaac by Juan de Valdés Leal (1622 – 1690)
Timeline (from
Abraham to Simon bar Kochba)
The Story of Abraham and Sarah
Episode from the documentary series Great People of the Bible and How they Lived
In 3 clips:
The Patriarchs
Abraham, Isaac and Jacob
Episode # 1 from the 2009 documentary series The Bible Unearthed
Abraham
- One Man, One God
Episode from the documentary series Mysteries of the Bible
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BuNB4EeoKi8
Abraham
Movie
with Richard Harris (1993)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vc-48fImgiQ
In the Beginning
2-part
2000 movie (3 hrs. 9 min.)
The
Patriarchs, Exodus from Egypt, Conquest of Canaan
Part 1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kF6VuVxxE7E
Part 2.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F-v-53Uh_Do
The Biblical stories of Abraham, Sarah, Isaac, Jacob
and Joseph https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AGDdr2c3zlI In French: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nMq9Vc3xFyE The
sons of Abraham Abraham + Hagar (Sarah's maidservant) = Ishmael Abraham + Sarah (wife) = Isaac ----------------
Isaac + Rebecca = Jacob, Esau Jacob The Biblical story of the Isaac's sons Jacob and Esau. The story of Jacob and his
uncle, Laban. The story of Jacob and Rachel.
The twelve sons (tribes) of Jacob (Israel)
Jacob + Leah (wife) = Reuben,
Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Zebulun
Jacob + Bihah (Rachel's maidservant)
= Dan, Napthali
Jacob + Zilpah (Leah's maidservant) = Gad, Asher
Jacob + Rachel (wife) = Joseph, Benjamin
-------------------
Joseph and his Brethren The Biblical story of Joseph, son of Jacob, and his brothers Joseph The Biblical story of Joseph,
son of Jacob, who was sold into slavery by his brothers, but became the most powerful man in Egypt after the pharaoh. ------------------
Israelites, Hebrews and Jews
Mark Strauss
11 November 2020
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Ohn3LOkPrQ
Hebrews, Israelites, Jews
A Note on Terminology
Henry Abramson
2020
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eeMLyiFjCXQ
-----------------
Moses
The Pharaoh of Egypt saw the Hebrews in Egypt multiply and commanded that all male Hebrews be drowned in the Nile
at birth. The mother of a new-born infant, called Moses, put him in a basket and set it on the Nile. The daughter of Pharaoh
saw the basket, found the child, and raised him as an Egyptian.
The
Finding of Moses (floating in a basket in the Nile by Pharaoh's daughter) by British painter Edwin Long (1886).
Scene from The Ten Commandments (1956)
When
a young man, Moses killed an Egyptian who was beating his Hebrew slave.
Moses fled Egypt and lived many years in the land of Midian.
The Exodus
God commanded Moses to lead his people, the Hebrews, out of
Egypt.
Moses returned to Egypt.
Moses and his brother Aaron warned Pharaoh to let the
Hebrews leave Egypt.
But
Pharaoh would not let the Hebrews leave Egypt.
Moses
turned to God.
. . . as the Lord commanded; and he lifted up the rod,
and smote the waters that were in the river, in the sight of Pharaoh, and in the sight of his servants; and all the waters
that were in the river were turned to blood. (Exodus: 7:20.)
The Ten Plagues 1st: Blood - the waters of Egypt turned into blood
2nd: Frogs - frogs appear everywhere
3rd: Lice - lice infests
men and animals
4th: Flies - the land was covered with flies
5th: Disease of Livestock - cattle, horses, donkeys, camels,
goats, sheep,
6th. Boils - flesh of man and animals covered with festering boils
7th: Hail - hailstones fall on the
land
8th: Locusts - locusts eat everything
9th: Darkness - the sky turned dark for three days, blinding everyone
10th:
Death of the First-Born
First: Blood
3rd. Lice and gnats
4th. Flies
5th. Disease of livestock
6th.
Boils on flesh of humans and livestock
7th. Hailstones rained upon the land
8th. Locusts swarmed over the land
9th. Darkness
The Ten Plagues of Egypt
Brief description - The Passover Story
The Tenth Plague
Death of the first-born
God sent the Angel
of Death to Egypt to kill the first-born of every family.
The Pass Over
The Tenth Plague
God warns the Hebrews to paint lamb's blood on their doors
so the angel of death will "pass over" them.
The Ten Plagues and the Passover Meal
In the morning, Pharaoh found his eldest son dead.
Pharaoh told Moses to
go.
Brief
documentary about a scientific attempt to explain the ten plagues
Three
episodes consider the possible causes and effects of various natural calamities in ancient Egypt (about 43 min. each).
1.
Dual on the Nile
Changes of climate and
the ancient Egyptian cities of Pi-Ramesses and Tanis
2. Darkness
Over Egypt
The effects of the volcanic eruption of Thera (Santorini)
3. Flight
from Egypt
The Hyksos, Asiatics from Anatolia -
Were they Canaanites? Did they become Canaanites? Were they the people of the Bible?
Moses
led the Hebrews from the land of Goshen, in northeastern Egypt, to the Red Sea.
The Hebrews (Israelites) followed Moses to the Red Sea.
Moses leads the Israelites out of Egypt.
Pharaoh changed his mind and ordered
his soldiers to pursue the Hebrews (Israelites)
and stop them.
And Moses stretched out his hand over the sea; and the Lord caused the sea to go back by a strong east wind all
that night, and made the sea dry land, and the waters were divided. (Exodus 14:21).
Moses parting the Red Sea.
The Hebrews (Israelites) crossed the sea to the opposite side.
The Egyptian soldiers
pursued them, the seas closed and the soldiers were drowned.
The sea closed on the pursuing Egyptian soldiers.
Exodus Revealed Episode from the National Geographic documentary series Riddles of the Bibles (50:43)
Exodus
Episode
# 2 from the documentary series The Bible Unearthed
The Exodus Revealed
Search for the Red Sea Crossing
Documentary
Map shows the path of Moses and the Hebrews, from Exodus to the River Jordan. Moses led
his people through the wilderness for forty years before reaching the River Jordan.
Moses led the Hebrews out of the land of Goshen, in northeast Egypt, across the Red Sea and through
the desert to Mount (Horeb) Sinai.
On Mount Sinai, God gave Moses Ten Commandments the Hebrews would have to obey and
live by.
Moses and the Ten Commandments
by James J. Tissot (1836 - 1902).
The Ten Commandments
1. I am the Lord thy God,
which have brought thee out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage.
2. Thou shalt have no other gods before me. Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of any thing that is in heaven above . .
. Thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them . . .
3. Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain . . .
4. Remember the sabbath day, to keep
it holy . . .
5. Honour thy father and thy mother . . .
6. Thou shalt not kill.
7. Thou shalt not commit adultery.
8. Thou shalt not steal.
9. Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour.
10. Thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's
house, thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's wife, nor his manservant, nor his maidservant, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor any
thing that is thy neighbour's.
The Ten Commandments
Preview of 1956 movie presented by Cecil B. DeMille
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o8iNvzzak5U
Prelude
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8gc4Yeiogl0
Entire movie with
Charlton Heston (3:51:38)
https://archive.org/details/TheTenCommandmentsMovie1956
Moses
1995 movie with Ben Kingsley (3:02:25)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0P0jzlfmz80
The Ten Commandments
2006 movie (mini-series) (2:59:30)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OmgAmkU0o8A
The Ten
Commandments
Animated movie (2007) recounts the Biblical story
of Moses
Moses, the Lawgiver
1973 - 1974 TV series with Burt Lancaster as Moses (4 hrs., 32 min.)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LkOl7CiH2S0
or (3 hrs. 57 min.)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hGwZVocmr98
MOSES
Death Chase
Documentary from the documentary series Battles BC
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rxpoLryw0uA
Once
Upon A Time
Part
1 of 7 of the documentary series Testament with John Romer (1988)
(51:33)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cG2ffXb8dJ4
or
The Ten
Commandments Excerpt form 2009 animated movie
The Conquest of Canaan
After wandering about the wilderness
forty years, Moses and the Hebrews came to the River Jordan. Across
the river was the land of Canaan. Moses was old and would not live to enter the land. He chose his closest assistant, Joshua, who
commanded the armies, to lead the people into Canaan, destroy the cities and people there, and settle there.
Crossing the River Jordan, Joshua led the Hebrews
to the first city in Canaan, Jericho, and destroyed it.
Joshua
and the Battle of Jericho
Episode
from the BBC documentary series Bible
Mysteries
Joshua
at the Wall of Jericho
Episode
from the documentary series Mysteries of the Bible with Bill Kylie and Jeanne Simmons
Joshua
and the Battle of Jericho
Episode
from the movie series Greatest Heroes of the Bible
or
The
Israelites' Conquest of Canaan
Episode
from the 1995 documentary series Archeology with John Rhys-Davies
Was
there a Joshua? Was there a Battle of Jericho? Who were the Israelites?
----------------
Patriarchs, Exodus, Conquest: Fact or Fiction?
Lecture by Israel Finkelstein
Hebrew University, Farmington Hills, Michigan
October 2005
Comment
by Amihai Mazar 22 October 2005
---------------
The Philistines
The Philistines were Indo-Europeans, probably from the
Aegean, who settled on the Mediterranean coast of southern Canaan circa 1200 B. C. - at the
end (collapse) of the Bronze Age and beginning of the Iron Age.
The Bible mentions five major Philisitine city-states
or kingdoms - the Philistine Pentapolis - Gaza, Askelon and Ashdod along
the coast and Ekron and Gath between the coastal plain and
eastern foothills.
The Philistines vanished from Canaan circa 600
B. C.
Arch-Enemy: The
Philistines
Episode from the A
& E documentary series Mysteries of the Bible with Richard Kylie and Jeanne Simmons (1995)
or
Last Days of the Philistines
Short documentary from the 1993 series Archaeology
- Mysteries of the Holy Land with John Rhys-Davies
or
or
Ekron of the Philistines
From Sea Peoples to Olive Oil Industrialists
Lecture by Sy Gitin at the Lanier Theological Library in Houston, Texas on March
17, 2012 (01:04:47)
Philistines in Canaan till
604 B. C.
Q. & A.
New Light on
the Biblical Philistines in Light of the Excavations at Philistine Gath
Lecture by Aren M. Maeir on excavations at the Philistine site
of Gath and its significance for biblical history
David M. Kennedy Center for International Studies, Brigham Young
University in Provo, Utah
May 17, 2013
Archeologists discover Philistine cemetery
2016
-----------------
Samson and Delilah by Guercino (1591–1666)
SAMSON AND DELILAH
Hollywood movie
Samson and Delilah
1949
movie with Hedy Lamarr
Samson
(1:34:13)
Samson
and Delilah
(1:30:05)
---------------
David
David and Goliath by Titian
DAVID AND GOLIATH
1961
movie with Orson Welles
or
or or David and Goliath
2015 movie
Did King David's Empire Exist?
Episode
from the documentary series
The Bible's Buried Secrets
Lost Kings of Israel
National Geographic documentary
King David, Poet Warrior
Episode
from the documentary series Mysteries of the Bible
King Solomon
Episode from the documentary series Mysteries of the Bible
or
King Solomon's Tablet of Stone
Documentary
(BBC Horizon)
King Solomon's Mines
1937 movie with Paul Robeson Quest for King Solomon's Mines
1985 NOVA/National Geographic documentary film
or The Real King Solomon's
Mines Episode from the documentary series Myth Hunters
What is the Truth about King Solomon's Golden Age?
Lecture
by Israel Finkelstein
Hebrew University, Detroit, October 2005
Lecture by Amihai Mazar https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FenfvlYpj4c 1997 movie
The
Queen of Sheeba Episode from the documentary series Digging for the Truth
The visit of the Queen of Sheba to King Solomon by the English painter Sir John Poynter in 1890
-------------
The Prophet
Isaiah
Prophet of Judah
------------
The
Twelve Tribes of Israel
The twelve tribes were united into a kingdom under Saul, David and Solomon. (1050 - 930 BC.)
Under
Rehoboam, the son of Solomon, the Kingdom of Israel split in two kingdoms, with Israel as the northern kingdom, with ten tribes,
and the southern kingdom, Judah, with two tribes. (930 BC.) The ten northern
tribes would not accept Rehoboam as their king.
The northern and southern kingdoms, Israel and
Judah.
The Assyrians sacked Aramea and Israel and carried off the Arameans and the ten tribes of Israel. The tribes disappeared
forever. They are commonly recalled as The Lost Tribes. (732 - 720 BC.) An Assyrian governor ruled Israel.
Israel and Judah
Lecture by Israel Finkelstein
Detroit, 2005
The Divided Monarchy
Lecture by Amihai Mazar
2005 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wL1NSZYvRBU
The Assyrians, under Sennacherib, invaded Judah in 701 BC ad laid siege
to Jerusalem until paid tribute.
The Assyrians conquered Babylon in 729 BC.
The Babylonians overthrew the Assyrians (626 - 620 BC) and, with the Medes, conquered Assyria (609 BC).
The Babylonians, under Nebuchadnezzar II, defeated the Egyptians and invaded Judah in 605 BC.
Nebuchadnezzar sacked Jerusalem and destroyed the (Solomon's) Temple in
598 BC.
The Babylonians carried off the elite of Jerusalem (c. 604 - 597 to 583 BC).
The king of Persia, Cyrus the Great, conquered the Babylonians in
539 BC. Judah made a province of Persia.
In 538, Cyrus allowed the
Jews to return home to Judah.
The period c. 604 to c. 538 BC is called the Babylonian exile or captivity by Jews.
--------------
 Esther approaches the
Great King of Persia, Xeries I (Ahasuerus), as he presents to her his sceptre.
Esther was Jewish. Esther was the King's wife and his Queen.
The King's minister, Haman, plotted the massacre of the Jews. The Jews asked Esther to intervene.
To approach the King, even
if his wife and Queen, was to risk death.
Esther approached the King and he extended his sceptre to her to signal that she was welcome.
Esther denounces Haman
to the King - 1885 painting by Ernest Normand.
On
Samuel, Saul, David, Agag, Amalek, Haman, Esther
Episode
11 of the series is the Bible for Children
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qSSFHFdj1dY
The
Story of Esther
Brief explanation
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UGQ3oSJ_xbc
The Story of Esther
Brief explanation
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l2YOZyegFmE
Queen
Esther
Far Away and Long Ago
A 1995 episode from the documentary
series
Mysteries of
the Bible
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nwbrsKikX7I
Or in 4 clips:
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=brH_mANLa6c
2.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-eTyPeIU_9s
3.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yvJJl70tMc4
4.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X8jBv_IBhC0
Esther and the King
1960 Hollywood movie
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SQ6qYypfmIo
Esther
1999 movie
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oAUxQs-ZE-I
One Night with the King
2006 Hollywood
movie
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yN5vInd9DkM
The Book of Esther
2013
Hollywod movie
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i7KmoFoRaaY
Purim
Crash Course in Purim
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zQUyri9S9Xg
Purim in Israel
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AHs_nMQg7-U
Esther and the King / The Story of Esther
1960 movie
Joan Collins, Richard Egan
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SkcBzSleB1Q&t=436s
or
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SkcBzSleB1Q
Esther
1999 movie
Louise Lombard
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RNVQ0XuGlaE
Lecture 24 Alternative Visions: Esther, Ruth, and Jonah
Introduction to the Old Testament (Hebrew Bible)
Christine Hayes
Yale U.
2012
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TUN9e_m1izI
--------------
Daniel Daniel's Answer to the King
(Daniel in the Lion's Den) by the British painter Briton Reviere in 1890
Daniel The Biblical story of Daniel
N. A.
The Book of Daniel
Movie (1:27:46)
Daniel
Episodes from the series Greatest Heroes of the Bible
Daniel in the Lion's Den (41:27)
Daniel and Nebuchadnezzar (49:08)
---------------
Alexander the Great
R. 336 - 323 BC.
The Empire of Alexander the Great, Alexander's
route and battle sites.
The Diadochi (Successors)
After Alexander's death, his generals fought each
other and divided his empire among themselves in 301 BC. The Ptolemies, based in Egtpt, the
Antigonids, based in Asia Minor, and Seleucids, based in Syria, fought over the Levant and each ruled the Levant
at various times. The Ptolemies ruled
the Levant most of the time from 300 - 201 BC The Seleucids dominated the Levant from 201 - 63 BC. The
Seleucids defeated the Ptolemies and invaded Egypt in 168 BC. The Romans intervened and compelled the Seleucids to withdraw.
Rome
Roman
armies defeated the Seleucids in Lydia (Anatolia) in 190 BC.
Roman
armies destroyed Carthage (Third Punic War) and conquered Greece in 146 BC.
Rome in 146 BC.
----------------
Apocrypha
Maccabees
The Seleucids dominated
the Levant from 201 to 63 BC.
Judas Maccabeus, a Hebrew priest, led a successful revolt against the Seleucids from
167 to 160 BC.
The Maccabees - Revolution
And Redemption Documentary (44:46)
The
Old Testament 1962
movie about the Maccabean Revolt against the Seleucids (1:28:57)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xQunS1iq0Qg
Judas Maccabeus concluded
a treaty of friendship with the Roman senate in 161 BC.
Judas' brother, Simon, established a dynasty, the Hasmonian, in 140 BC, which ruled
Judea as a vassal of the Seleucid Empire to 110 BC and as a semi-independent kingdom until
63 BC.
The Hasmonians fought each other for the high priesthood and kingship.
In 64
BC, the Romans defeated the Syrians and annexed Syria as a Roman province.
In
63 BC, Rome intervened in a civil war in Judea and the
Roman general Pompey took Jerusalem. Judea became a client kingdom of Syria.
The Hasmonians remained as vassals
of Rome.
The eastern Mediterranean in 63 BC.
----------------
Jonah
Jonah swallowed
by a sea serpent, a bas-relief on an ancient Christian sarcophagus in Rome
Jonah and the Whale
Moody Bible Story
--------------------
Josephus
Joseph ben Matityahu, better known as Titus Flavius
Josephus (AD 37 – c. AD 100), author of the The Jewish War, Jewish Antiquities, and
Against Apion
Discussion on the weekly BBC radio programme
In Our Time hosted by Melvyn Bragg
With guests Tessa Rajak, Philip Alexander and
Martin Goodman
21 May 2015
http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b05vfdzl#auto
Who
Was Josephus?
Lecture by Dr. Henry Abramson at the Young Israel of Bal Harbour, Florida on October 2, 2013
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FkbLT9IrqDY
The Jewish War
c.
AD 75
The Antiquities of the Jews
c. AD 94
----------------
About the Old Testament
The Bible Unearthed
Documentary with Israel Finkelstein
The Archaeology and History of Ancient Israel
Conversations with Israel Finkelstein
2021
27 Interviews / Episodes
Start here: 1 - 27
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=22HQKXCMfHk&list=PLvm7MPUI_WJclpUfZgCw1Tfd_cyT4Fh-f&index=2
Episode One
Bible and Archaeology
The View from the Center
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=22HQKXCMfHk
Episode Two
The Bronze Age
The Land before Israel
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eUEjQI3QavM&t=187s
Episode Three
The Crisis Years
The End of the Late Bronze Age
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J8thPPKxr1s
Episode Four
The Rise of Ancient Israel in the Highlands
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DjhoI6G2fF0
Episode Five
The First Israel
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AoBAqbDM9As
Episode Six
The Conquest of Canaan
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VRoxx8ldh7E
Episode Seven
The Early Philistines
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0YG7WJygn0
Episode Eight
The Philistines in the Bible
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xogICm4_Rlw
Episode Nine
A United Monarchy ?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ecG1eHHawMY&t=930s
Episode Ten
King Saul
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Xfm1xtUjbQ&t=81s
Episode 11
The Earliest David
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xza-tNqtpVY&t=174s
Episode 12
The Later Layers of the David Story
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_NGhj_3RzaQ
Episode 13
Solomon, King of Globalization
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7gmSMAuH7sA&t=114s
Episode 14
Writing in Ancient Israel
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SISKe1jv8EY
Episode 15
Jerusalem in Biblical Times
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uOFZVaMcZsI&t=82s
Episode 16
The Northern Kingdom, the First 50 Years
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mfbvZVnzhEs&t=60s
Episode 17
The Omrides
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w8SkvcM-XuU&t=49s
Episode 18
Israel in the Days of Jeroboam II
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y4ga3Lpr2nw&t=79s
Episode 19
The Patriarchs: The Jacob Cycle
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0BDBrAmdOYQ&t=149s
Episode 20
The Many Layers in the Exodus Tradition
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iO5AMQvq85Q
Episode 21
Heroic Stories in the Book of Judges
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q8_XMZQI4f8
Episode 22
Kiriath-Jearim and the Ark Narrative
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y6JUCort_WI
Episode 23
Late Monarchic Judah
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MHGyC3FF9Y4
Episode 24
The Deuteronomistic History and Archaeology
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qb__IlA0b1k
Episode 25
Persian and Early Hellenistic Jerusalem
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qwGq7-35VGQ
Episode 26
Late Biblical Historiography: Ezra, Nehemiah, and Chronicles
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oO1Q1IgjJw0&t=83s
-----------------
The Dead Sea Scrolls
Fragment of a scroll found in a cave above the archeologlcal
site of Qumran by the Dead Sea between 1946 and 1956.
Cave # 4 of 11 caves in Qumran.
Fragments from every book of the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament), except the Book of Esther, were found in the caves from 1946 to 1956.
Texts were written in Hebrew, Aramaic, Greek and Nabataean.
The scrolls and fragments are thought to date from approximately 385 B. C. at the earliest to A. D. 100 at the latest.
Qumran on a map of the Dead Sea, Israel and
Jordan. The area was part of Jordan until taken by Israel in 1967. The
site was a day's hike from Jerusalem and a two-hour walk from Jericho.
The archeological site of Qumram. At various
times, the site may have been a religious temple, a religious retreat, a fortress, a trading centre, or villa. It may
have been destroyed by Roman soldiers in A. D. 70 or 73.
Excavations of the site found
cisterns, a water-system, graves with male and female skeletons, a toilet, pottery,
bronze coins and silver coins (c. 150 BC - c. AD 210), vases, bowls, pots, baskets, ropes, ink-wells.
Qumram and the Dead Sea
Israel Restores 2,000-Year-Old Biblical Scrolls
Warner Pathé newsreel
(1955)
The Dead Sea Scrolls
British Pathé film footage (1965)
Dead Sea Scrolls
Episode from the documentary series In Search Of with Lenoard Nimoy (1978)
Resurrecting the Dead Sea Scrolls
1993 BBC documentary
same:
The Riddle of the Dead Sea Scrolls
1990 Australian documentary with Barabara Thiering
The Scrolls
1994 BBC documentary
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2KgKJc7CzDE
The Secrets of the Dead Sea Scrolls
1999 documentary
The Dead Sea Scrolls
2009 BBC documentary with Rageh Omar (57:35)
Writing the Dead Sea Scrolls
2010 National Geographic documentary
The Dead Sea Scrolls
A tour of an exhibit with Lawrence Shiffman (2012)
The Dead Sea Scrolls: A Biography
Lecture by John Collins at the Yale Divinity School Convocation
24 October 2013
Who Wrote the Dead Sea Scrolls and Why Were They
Forgotten?
Lecture by Rachel Elior at the University of Chicago Divinity School (2014)
(01:23:52)
or
Quoi de neuf sur Qumrân ?
La foi prise au mot
Jean-Baptiste Humbert, archéologue, directeur du laboratoire d'archéologie de l'École
biblique et archéologique française de Jérusalem, et David Hamidovic, historien, spécialiste des manuscrits
23 - 4 - 2017
Dead Sea Scroll Detectives
NOVA
Documentary series
Season 46, Episode 20
November 6, 2019
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=INV9eLQa7Jc
The Dead Sea Scrolls
In Our Time
Discussion hosted by Melvyn Bragg
BBC Radio
4 May 2023
Sarah Pearce, Charlotte Hempel and George Brooke
https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/m001ljc0
The Dead Sea Scrolls
Voices from the Desert
The Haunted Desert
Documentary - 2 hrs. 27 min. 44 sec.
2002
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8PuogYgGtTQ&t=234s
The Dead Sea is Drying Up
The Sinking Sea
Foreign Correspondent
Documentary about the Dead Sea
2021
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oqh6hGLqAG8
The Temple Mount
Archaeological Remains Bulldozed from the Temple Mount and dumped in the Kidron Valley in 1999
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sQQ5a4GIhto
Sifting through the tons of dirt for the remains
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ByafwjlsTY
Historical Origins of the Hebrew Bible
William H. C. Propp
International Institute for Secular Humanistic Judaism
Farmington Hills, Michigan
2015
Lecture
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iNH8kPh3V5Y
--------------------
Introduction to the Old Testament (Hebrew Bible)
24 Lectures by Christine Hayes, Yale U. (rlst
145), Fall 2006
Lecture 1. The Parts of the Whole
1. Introduction to the Hebrew Bible and Its
Radical Ideas 2. Common Myths about the Bible 3. An Overview of the Structure of the Bible 4.
Course Organization
Yale U.: http://oyc.yale.edu/religious-studies/rlst-145/lecture-1
You Tube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mo-YL-lv3RY
Transcript: http://oyc.yale.edu/transcript/968/rlst-145
2. The Hebrew Bible in Its Ancient Near Eastern Setting: Biblical Religion in Context
1. The Bible as a Product of Religious and Cultural
Revolution 2. Kaufman's Characterization of "Pagan Religion"
3. Kaufman's Characterization of One Sovereign God 4. Continuity or Radical Break?
Yale U.: http://oyc.yale.edu/religious-studies/rlst-145/lecture-2
You Tube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wRPqtGywkCw
Transcript: http://oyc.yale.edu/transcript/944/rlst-145
3. The Hebrew Bible in Its Ancient Near Eastern Setting: Genesis 1 - 4 in Context
1. The Creation Story in "Enuma Elish"
2. The Creation Stories in Genesis
3.
Creation as God Imposing Order on the World
4. Allusion
to and Resonances of Ancient Near Eastern Themes
You Tube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ANUD8IK12ms
4. Doublets and Contradictions, Seams and Sources: Genesis 5-11 and the Historical-Critical Method
1. The Taming
of Enkidu in The "Epic of Gilgamesh"
2. The Story of Enkidu as Parallel to the Second Story of Creation in Genesis
3. Major Themes in the Story of Cain and Abel
4. Comparing
Mesopotamian, Semitic and Israelite Flood Stories
5. Contradictions and Doublets in the Flood Story in Genesis 6-9
6. Implications of the Repetitions and Contradictions throughout
the Bible
You Tube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GK2PBAG3064
5. Critical Approaches to the Bible: Introduction to Genesis 12-50
1. Wellhausen's Documentary Hypothesis and Characteristics of Biblical Sources
2. The Purpose of Literary, Source and Historical Criticism
3. The Generations of the
Patriarchs and Matriarchs
4. Critical Methodology Used
in Biblical Scholarship
You Tube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KBSOn0MSrk8
6. Biblical Narrative: The Stories of the Patriarchs (Genesis 12-36)
1. Scholarly Opinion on the Historical Accuracy of the Bible
2. Divine Command and Divine Promise: Truths Freed from the Burden of Historicity
3. The Covenant between God and Abraham
4. The Story of Isaac
5.
Jacob the Trickster
You Tube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O89-OaWMkP0
7. Israel in Egypt: Moses and the Beginning of Yahwism (Genesis 37- Exodus 4)
1. One Who Wrestles: The Significance of Jacob's Name Change
2. The 12 Sons of Jacob: Joseph and His Brothers
3. Exodus: Sequel to Genesis and Myth of Origins for a Nation
4. Moses's Legendary Birth Story and Early Life
5. Descriptions of God in the Bible
6.
Smith's Convergence and Divergence Model
You Tube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h_UmuEBmS5k
8. Exodus: From Egypt to Sinai (Exodus 5-24, 32; Numbers)
1. Passover as a Historicization of Earlier Ritual Practices
2. The Exodus as a Paradigm for Collective Salvation
3. The Mosaic Covenant between God and Israel at Sinai
4. Patience with the Israelites: Towards the Promised Land
You Tube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kS17dLuTPd0
9. The Priestly Legacy: Cult and Sacrifice, Purity and Holiness in Leviticus and
Numbers
1. Introduction to the Israelite Sanctuary
2. The Priestly Conceptions of Holiness and Time
3. Holiness, Purity, Moral and Ritual Impurity
4. Ritual Purification, Sacrifices and Offerings, and "Imitatio Dei"
5. Moral Impurity, Defiling the Land and Purification
6.
Dietary Law and the Holiness Code
You Tube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=URMs-17otFE
10. Biblical Law: The Three Legal Corpora of JE (Exodus), P (Leviticus and Numbers) and D (Deuteronomy)
1.
Introduction to the Israelite Sanctuary 2. The Priestly Conceptions
of Holiness and Time
3. Holiness, Purity, Moral
and Ritual Impurity
4. Ritual Purification, Sacrifices
and Offerings, and "Imitatio Dei"
5. Moral
Impurity, Defiling the Land and Purification
6. Dietary Law and the Holiness Code
You Tube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iJ5qYM24vUA
11. On the Steps of Moab: Deuteronomy
1. Moses as the Paradigmatic Leader of Biblical Tradition
2. Basic Structure of Deuteronomy
3.
Updated and Revised Laws According to New Ideas
4. Major
Themes in Deuteronomy
You Tube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e5y0_aBvEtI
12. The Deuteronomistic History: Life in the Land (Joshua and Judges)
1. Deuteronomy: A Capstone to the Pentateuchal Narrative
2. Source Theory and the Pentateuch
3.
Introduction to the Former Prophets
4. Geographical
Setting and Its Historical Implications
5.
Structure of Joshua
6. Three Scholarly Models for the
Emergence of the Nation State of Israel
You Tube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v07NFEstPjc
13. The Deuteronomistic History: Prophets and Kings (1 and 2 Samuel)
1. Distinguishing
between Israelis and Israelites
2. An Alliance
of Tribes
3. The Book of Judges
4. Samuel, a Transition Figure and the Last in a Line of Prophet Judges
5. Saul and David as Representations of Ambivalence about Monarchy
6. The Davidic Covenant
You Tube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9yETqNk0eMc
14. The Deuteronomistic History: Response to Catastrophe (1 and 2 Kings)
1. Distinguishing between Israelis
and Israelites
2. An Alliance of Tribes
3. The Book of Judges
4. Samuel, a Transition Figure and the Last in a Line of Prophet Judges
5. Saul and David as Representations of Ambivalence about Monarchy
6. The Davidic Covenant
You Tube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AmNa2ILXlaI
15. Hebrew Prophecy: The Non-Literary Prophets
1. The Uncompromising Honesty of the Story of David
2. Tensions in Kings I and II
3.
The Separation of the Kingdom Following Solomon's Death
4.
Historiosophy of the Deuteronomistic School
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zBXCuyF_laE
16. Literary Prophecy: Amos
1. An Introduction to the Literary Prophets
2. Structure of and Literary Features in the Book of Amos
3. Major Themes in the Book of Amos
4. Differences between Deuteronomistic and Prophetic Interpretations of Israel's History
You Tube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YJd0Swp7d9Y
17. Literary Prophecy: Hosea and Isaiah
1. Historical Background for and Major Themes of
the Book of Hosea
2. Doom and Hope as Two Conceptions
of Covenant
3. Historical Background for and
Structure of the Book of Isaiah
4. Emphasis
on the Davidic Covenant
5. Major Themes in the Book of
Isaiah
You Tube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fzjskzxXTqk
18. Literary Prophecy: Micah, Zephaniah, Nahum and Habbakuk
1. Structure of the Book of Micah
2. Common Paradoxes in Prophetic Writings
3. The Book of Zephaniah
4. The Book
of Nahum
5. The Book of Habakkuk
6. Structure and Features of the Book of Jeremiah
7. Unique Features of Jeremiah's Message of Consolation
You Tube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AO0i-7DlnJU
19. Literary Prophecy:
Perspectives on
the Exile (Jeremiah, Ezekiel and 2nd Isaiah)
1. Structure and Tone of the Book of Ezekiel
2. Ezekiel's Denunciations of Jerusalem and Rejection of Collective Punishment
3. The Sometimes Contradictory Nature of the
Biblical Text
4. Ezekiel's Interpretation of
the Final Destruction of Jerusalem
5. Major Themes
in Second Isaiah
6. Second Isaiah's Servant
Songs
You Tube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u85pHixyoOI
20. Responses to Suffering and Evil: Lamentations and Wisdom Literature
1.
The Book of Lamentations
2. An Introduction to
Wisdom Books in the "Ketuvim"
3. The Book of
Proverbs
4. Structure of and Literary Components
in The Book of Job
5. Prose Prologue in the Book
of Job
6. Poetic Speech Cycles in the Book
of Job
7. God's Response in the Book of Job
You Tube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RxENRH-v0Xk
21. Biblical Poetry: Psalms and Song of Songs
1. Remarks for Final Paper
2. The Problem
of Dating; Canonical Criticism
3. The Book of
Ecclesiastes
4. Introduction to the Book
of Psalms
5. Themes and Formal Characteristics in the
Book of Psalms
You Tube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WdjRz2b8BZo
22. The Restoration: 1 and 2 Chronicles, Ezra and Nehemiah
1. Additional Forms and Genres in the Book of Psalms
2. Song of Songs
3. The Restoration and the Books of Chronicles I and II, Ezra and Nehemiah
4. Ezra's Dissolution
of Foreign Marriages and Renewal of the Covenant
5. The Calamities as Cautionary Tales in the Books of Ezra and Nehemiah
You Tube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zDYJwHW1lsM
23. Visions of the End: Daniel and Apocalyptic Literature
1. The Book of Ruth
2. The Last Prophetic Books
3. Features of Apocalyptic Literature
4. Apocalyptic Passages in Post-Exilic Books
5.
The Book of Daniel, Chapters 1-6
6. The Book
of Daniel, Chapters 7-12
You Tube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5J6q1J09oNw
24. Alternative Visions: Esther, Ruth, and Jonah
1. The Book of Esther 2. The Book of Jonah 3. Concluding Remarks about the Dynamic
and Complex Messages in the Hebrew Bible
Yale
U.: http://oyc.yale.edu/religious-studies/rlst-145/lecture-24
You Tube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TUN9e_m1izI
Transcript: http://oyc.yale.edu/transcript/967/rlst-145
---------------
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The New Testament
The New Covenant
Perhaps the oldest known example of New
Testament literature, a
papyrus fragment, known as Papyrus # 90, of
the Gospel of John, in
Greek, from
Oxyrhynchus, Egypt in
the 2nd century (Oxford)
The New Testament is the same in the Orthodox, Catholic and Protestant Bibles and
has 27 books.
Divisions of the Protestant Bible (chart) shown above
Note: 1 & 2 Samuel, 1 & 2
Kings and 1 & 2 Chronicles are six books; Lamentations is the third book of the Major Prophets
Introduction:
Why Study the New Testament?
Lecture # 1 of 24 by Dale B. Martin from the course Introduction to
New Testament History and Literature (RLST 152), Yale U., Spring 2009
1. Why take this course?
2. The Bible as a historical text
3. Imagining
an ancient's perspective
4. Questions and answers
5. Going over the syllabus
You Tube (uploaded by Yale):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dtQ2TS1CiDY
Yale U. site:
http://oyc.yale.edu/religious-studies/rlst-152/lecture-1#ch0
Transcript:
http://oyc.yale.edu/transcript/869/rlst-152
From Stories to Canon
Lecture 2 of 24 by Dale B. Martin from the course Introduction to New Testament History and Literature
(RLST 152), Yale U., Spring 2009
1. Canon vs. Scripture
2. The forming of canons
3. The invention of the Codex
4. A slowly developing (and Incomplete) consensus
5. The reasons for canonical inclusion and exclusion
You Tube (uploaded by Yale):
Yale U:
Transcript:
The Roman empire from 100 BC to AD 150.
Areas in which Greek (blue) and Latin (red)
were spoken.
The Greco-Roman World
Judaism
in the First Century A. D.
Caesar,
painted by the Flemish painter Peter Paul Rubens (1619)
Cleopatra VII Philopator
Marc Antony
Octavius (Augustus Caesar)
In 47 BC, Julius Caesar appointed Antipater, who was the chief advisor to the Hasmonian ruler of Judea,
as Roman procurator of Judea.
Antipater's son Phasael was made governor of Jerusalem.
Antipater's son Herod (c. 73 BC - 4 BC) was the governor of Galilee from 47 to 41 BC.
The
Roman acting governor of Syria, Sextus Caesar, appointed Herod general of Samaria and Coelesyria.
Antipater was assassinated in 43 BC.
The Parthians invaded
eastern Roman territories in 40 BC, forced out the Roman rulers and their Hasmonian clients, and made
a pro-Parthian Hasmonian high priest and king of Judea. Herod
went to Rome.
Herod the Great
In c. 40 BC the Roman senate appointed Herod King of Judea,
to rule as a client king of Rome.
In 37 BC, Marc Antony directed Herod and the governor of Syria to retake Jerusalem.
The Parthian-backed Hasmonian
ruler was deposed, ending the Hasmonean Dynasty, and the Herodian Dynasty was establshed.
Herod backed Marc Antony against Octavian for control of the Roman empire.
After Octavian's victory over Marc Antony and Cleopatra at Actium in 31 BC, Herod supported Octavian
(later known as Augustus Caesar). 
Herod's Temple
Jews returning from exile in Babylon built a Temple
(The Second Temple) on the site of Solomon's Temple in Jerusalem. Herod rebuilt the
Temple (c. 20 - c. 10 BC) and built the port of Caesarea Maritima on the Mediterranean coast (22 - 10 BC).
Herod's Temple
Herod's Temple
Caesarea
Maritima (artist's reconstruction)
King Herod the Great
Herod (73/74 - 4 BC), King of Judea (37 - 4 BC.) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=miRg3Ng9eC8
Herod
the Great French-Italian
movie (1958) (1:32:14) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oP0TGEr4UXc
Herod Antipas At Herod's death, the Romans divided the Kingdom of Judea among three
of Herod's sons and a daughter, to rule under the Romans.
One son, Herod Archelaus,
received half the kingdom and ruled as ethnarch until AD 6, when the Romans made Judea a Roman province and
governed by a Roman prefect. Herod's
oldest son, Herod Antipas, was governor of Galilee, a client state of Rome, as Tetrarch from 4
BC to AD 39. Herod Philip
II received the northeast quarter as Tetrarch. The Romans moved the military and civil administrative headquarters of Judea from Jerusalem to Caesarea Maritima.
------------
Mary and Elizabeth
Zecharias and Elizabeth were a childless elderly couple. Elisabeth was over sixty.
While Zecharias was in the Temple of Jerusalem, the Archangel Gabriel appeared and told him Elizabeth would bear him a son
and his name would be John.
The Archangel Gabriel appears before Zecharias in the Temple.
Gabriel tells Zecharias that he will be unable to speak until
the birth of John.
Virgin Annunciate by Antonello da
Messina, Sicily (c. 1476).
Mary
is interrupted by the Archangel Gabriel.
The Annunciation by the Danish painter
Carl Heinrich Bloch (1834 - 1890).
The Archangel Gabriel appears before Mary and announces that she is to have a child.
Mary, the Mother of God
From the documentary seres
The Footprints of God with Stephen Ray (2002)
N. A.
 The Visitation - The Meeting of Mary and Elizabeth
by Carl Heinrich Bloch (1866). Virgin Mary, pregnant with child, Jesus, visits
her older cousin, Elizabeth, who is also pregnant, with John (the Baptist).
 The Nativity of
John the Baptist
The Birth of John the Baptist The Living Bible series https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YmTIENWu7XA
Mary and Elizabeth,
Reims Cathedral, France
When Was Jesus Born?
IN What Year? On What Day?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8NdQVtzjckA
Augustus Caesar required all to return to their native homes to register for the census. Mary was from Nazareth.
Joseph was from Bethlehem. Joseph and Mary lived in Nazareth but had to travel to Bethlehem.
Joseph and Mary on the road to Bethlehem
Joseph. Mary and Jesus
(Hebrew: Yeshua; Greek: Iesous; Latin: Iesus) in Bethlehem.
Reading a prophecy, the Wise Men from the East,
bearing three gifts, went to Bethlehem and followed the star to the place of the child born King of the Jews.
The Nativity Story (2006) (1:40:51)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wqu2r7qj7Fs
The Joyful Mysteries Part 1 of three-part 1957 documentary series The Fifteen Mysteries of the
Rosary Five episodes: The Annunciation, The Nativity, The Visitation, The Presentation
and The Finding (92 min.) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I_bKY_gEpcc
Herod the Great heard from the Wise Men of the East of the birth of a child
- the King of Israel, the Messiah - in Bethlehem and ordered the massacre of all children in
Bethlehem up to the age of two. Joseph
and Mary went with Jesus to Egypt and remained there until Herod died. They returned to Nazareth. The baptism of Jesus by John the Baptist
%20Kunsthistorisches%20Museum,%20Vienna.jpg)
The Baptism of Christ in the River
Jordan by John the Baptist painted by Joachim Patenier, 1515.
Excerpt from King of Kings (1961) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DEpVeKI-hL8 Excerpts
from other movies:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w9NgHAy-0yM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kBn-kY7xpz4 Jesus met John the Baptist's many followers. Jesus'
first followers were John's followers.
 Jesus met Andrew and Simon (Peter), fishermen
and followers of John the Baptist.
 Jesus fishing with the
brothers Andrew and Simon and the brothers John and James. The four fishermen were the first disciples of Jesus.
Jesus and the Samaritan woman at the well.
The Sermon on
the Mount by Carl Heinrich Bloch (1834-1890).
From his disciples, Jesus chose twelve to be his apostles:
 Christ
and his Disciples by the Russian painter Andrei N. Mironov in 2016.
He chose his first disciples, four fishermen who fished together: Simon (Peter);
Andrew, brother of Simon; John; James the Older, brother of John;
and,
from his later disciples, he chose: Levi
(Matthew) the Tax Collector; Philip; Bartholomew (Nathaniel); Thomas Didymus (The Twin);
Thaddaeus (Judas); Simon the Zealot; and Judas Iscariot. -
All were from Galilee except Judas Iscariot, who was from Judea.
Matthias was chosen later by the apostles to replace Judas Iscariot.
John the Baptist
Painting by Giovanni Fattori (1825 - 1908). John the Baptist rebukes Herod Antipas (20 BC - AD 39+),
the ethnarch of Galilee, for divorcing his wife Phasaelis and marrying Herodias, the wife of his brother Herod
Philip II. 'It is not lawful for you
to have your brother’s wife.' (Mark 6:18.)
Herod Antipas imprisoned
John the Baptist.
Salome or Dance of the Seven Veils by the French painter
Gaston Bussičre (1925).
Salome, daughter of Herod Philip II and Herodias, danced for her uncle Herod Antipas on his birthday. Herod
was so pleased that he offered to grant Salome any wish she might ask. Herodias told Salome to ask Herod for the
head of John the Baptist. Salome
went to Herod and said: 'I
want you to give me right now the head of John the Baptist on a platter.' (Mark 6:25.)
The Beheading of John
the Baptist by the Italian painter Faustino Raineri (early to mid-1700s)
The beheading of John the Baptist by the Flemish
painter Peter Paul Rubens (1610).
Salome's Dance by the Hungarian
painter Gyula Tornai (1861 - 1928).
Dance of Salome
by the German painter Leopold Schmutzler (1910)
Salomé by the Spanish painter Julio Romero de Torres
(1917)
Salome
presents the head of John the Baptist
to her mother Herodias.
Painting by Onorio Marinari (1627 - 1715).
Salome and the Dance of the Seven Veils From the opera by Richard Strauss based on the play
by Oscar Wilde https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I0bPS35QzSA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hr2IiwreQ64
Dance of the Seven Veils Richard
Strauss on piano (1905) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FGa5qi-kBSE
Salome Opera by Richard Strauss based on the play Salome by
Oscar Wilde 1975 performance https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MJ1kHi1HjQE
Dance of the Seven Veils Strauss Harp
class https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tk81s-f2ZBI
The Fate of John the Baptist Episodes 9 of 12 from The Living Christ
series by Cathedral Films (1951) (27:56) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cdtQ8veXRxk
John the Baptist Episode from the documentary series Mysteries of the Bible
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=869zgyn1UjU
St.
John the Baptist From Birth to Beheading The National Gallery, London
Ten episodes 1. Introduction https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s1gFBNqpIQM 2.
Visitation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f3KMiqsgRZE 3. Birth and Naming https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0zPdso8Ueww 4. Infancy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=elscewC1g4k 5. Wilderness https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZK5UaEn_JcY 6. Preaching
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VASDDrqNd78 7. Baptism https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5xJh0nS9pZ4 8. Martyrdom https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UohHcRLbtqY 9. The Baptist's Head https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EHzA5EILliY 10. Power and Judgment https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j1X_r02x7WE
Salome
1953 movie with Rita Hayworth
as Salome and Charles Laughton as Herod Antipas (1:38:41) This Hollywood version changes the ending a bit:
Salome dances for Herod to please him and ask for the release of John the Baptist. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zOd5AjHWZVg In French (1:38:44) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TB1Gf5kMkuo
The Raising of
Lazarus (by Jesus) painted by Rembrandt van Rijn (1630)
Jesus raises Lazarus from the dead.
Jesus raises Lazarus from the dead
Excerpt from the movie The Gospel of John (2003)
Excerpt from a movie:
Excerpt from a movie:
The Resurrection of Lazareth
- painting (c. 1570) by Marco Pino
(1521–1583)
'But, Lord, He Stinketh!':
Marco Pino's The Resurrection of Lazarus
Lecture 4 of the course Let This Be a Lesson: Heroes, Heroines and Narrative in Paintings
at Yale, by John Walsh, Yale U. Art Gallery, Fall 2013
Jesus enters Jerusalem
Palm Sunday
Jesus enters Jerusalem
Excerpt from a Hollywood movie:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rdyJO-_aAv8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IMbF_6c1EZE&feature=related
Palm Sunday, Jerusalem (2009)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ifuemgpl7BA&feature=related
Palm Sunday in Jerusalem - 2012
Holy Monday
Jesus expels the merchants from the Temple by Francesco Coghetti
(1800s)
Holy Tuesday
Jesus debated the Sadducees, Pharisees, the chief priests and the elders
in the Temple.
Holy Thursday
The
Last Supper
The Passover Meal
Jesus with eleven of his twelve disciples at the Passover meal
(The Last Supper). Apparently, Judas Iscariot has already left.
Jesus and his twelve disciples ate their last supper together.
The Last Supper by Leonardo da Vinci,
painted in the 1480s. Jesus
with his twelve disciples, from left to right: Bartholomew,
James the Younger, Andrew, Judas Iscariot, Simon (Peter), John, Jesus, Thomas, James the Older, Philip, Judas Thaddaeus, Levi
(Matthew) and Simon the Zealot. Some question if the figure of John, to
the left of Jesus, is actually Mary Magdalene. If so, John is missing and there are only eleven apostles
present. Or Judas Iscariot has departed and that figure is John instead. The mural
fresco was painted on a stone wall of the convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie in Milan.
Unleavened bread
and red wine
The Last Supper
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GCL-S_4ac4c&feature=related
The Last Supper
Episode from
the documentary series Mysteries of the Bible narrated by Richard Kiley and Jeanne Simmons
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1L_Y9RCiSFU
Or
in 5 clips (click here and all five play in order)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ii_SKgAjDb8&list=PLBA892C336141F61A
Passover Seder to Last Supper to Lord's Supper
Excerpt
from a documentary
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5aTKMC9MfCU&feature=related
The
Last Supper
Episode from the documentary series Mysteries of the Bible narrated by Richard Kiley
and Jeanne Simmons
In 5 clips (click here and all five play
in order)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ii_SKgAjDb8&list=PLBA892C336141F61A
Passover
From the Passover Meal to the Last Supper
(4 clips)
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0d49a8tceis&feature=related
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u2QZiJp9_3o&feature=related
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-l4lxcVX5tA
4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aUaw7JU5W_8&feature=related
The Agony in the Garden
Episode
1 of part 2, The Sorrowful Mysteries, of the three-part 1957 documentary series
The Fifteen Mysteries of the Rosary
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t-GDc99tQ-8
The Sanhedrin
Jesus was brought before the high
priest and the Sanhedrin.
The Sanhedrin questioned Jesus. Jesus claimed to be the Messiah. The priests
were outraged. The Sanhedrin found Jesus guilty of violating the Sabbath, threatening to destroy the Temple,
performing sorcery, exorcising with demons, and claiming to be the Messiah and the Son of God. The Sanhedrin condemned Jesus to death. According to
their law, the Jews could not carry out an execution during Passover.
Good Friday
The
Sanhedrin took Jesus to Pontius Pilate, the Roman prefect of Judea, who was in Jerusalem at the time, and demanded his
death.
Pontius Pilate
In 1961, Italian archaeologists excavating
in Caesar Maritima found a limestone block with a damaged inscription in Latin: [DIS AUGUSTI]S TIBERIÉUM
[...PONTI]US
PILATUS
[...PRAEF]ECTUS IUDA[EA]E
[...FECIT D]E[DICAVIT] To the Divine Augusti (this) Tiberieum
...Pontius Pilate
...prefect of Judea
...has dedicated
(this)
Pontius
Pilate was the Roman prefect of the province of Judea from AD 25 to 36. The stone fragment may have been a dedication by
Pilate of a temple built in honour of Tiberius, the Roman emperor from AD 14 - 37.
Pontius Pilate Inscription at Caesarea
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jMboFK0x5co
PONTIUS PILATE INSCRIPTION
Lauren Brown
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8kHB_bVJRo0
Pilate questioned Jesus.
Jesus before Pilate by the Hungarian
painter Munkácsy Mihály (1881).
Because Jesus was from Galilee, Pilate sent
him to Herod Antipas, ethnarch of Galilee, who was visiting Jerusalem.
Herod Antipas
Jesus before Herod Antipas by Duccio di Buoninsegna of Siena.
Herod and his soldiers
mocked Jesus and sent him back to Pilate.
Pontius Pilate
Pilate questioned Jesus.
Then Pilate turned to the crowd: 'Behold!
I find no fault in him.' Recalling the custom of freeing a Jewish prisoner at Passover, Pilate presented two
prisoners to the crowd. Which one shall I free? Jesus, the 'King of the Jews', and Bar Abbas, a thief, a
rebel and a murderer. The crowd demanded Bar Abbas. Pilate
ordered his release. 'What shall I do
then with Jesus who is called the Messiah?' The crowd cried out: 'Crucify him!' 'But I find no fault in him. I shall chastise him and release
him.' Pilate
offered to chastise Jesus and ordered his soldiers to whip him.
 Pilate ordered the Roman soldiers to scourge Jesus.
Pilate presents Jesus to the crowd in
1871 painting Ecce Homo ('Behold the man!') by Antonio Ciceri.
 Ecce Homo ('Behold the man!') in 1896 painting by Munkácsy
Mihály.
Pilate presented Jesus. to the crowd: 'Behold your King! Shall I crucify your King? Why,
what evil hath he done?' The crowd: 'Crucify him!' Pilate relented and told the soldiers to crucify Jesus.
 Pilate washed his hands.
Then Pilate said to the crowd: 'I am innocent of the blood of this just person: see ye to it.' (The
Four Biblical Gospels)
Pontius
Pilate
Documentary
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c19E4py1r40
Barabbas
1961 Hollywood movie
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g58dDAdvAa8
'Give Us Barabbas!'
Showcase Theatre (1961) (1:15)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fjtLVH7_PxU
The
Scourging at the Pillar Episode 2 of part 2, The Sorrowful Mysteries, of the three-part
1957 documentary series The Fifteen Mysteries of the Rosary (26 min.) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gC0YeIxWr0o The Crowning with Thorns Episode 3 of
part 2, The Sorrowful Mysteries, of the three-part 1957 documentary series The Fifteen Mysteries of the Rosary (26 min.) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-jO0zVGJjng
Jesus - The Real Story
3-part
BBC documentary about Christ and the Passion
Episode 1. The Early Years
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=drthwjszOpI&feature=related
Episode 2. The Mission
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6IIiL4BhyMI&feature=related
Episode
3. The Last Days
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=obZ4qtv-3JE&feature=related
Christ carries
the cross - Painting by Andrey Mironov
Jesus
carries his wooden cross.
The
soldiers forced a by-stander, Simon of Cyrene, to help Jesus carry the cross.
They carried the cross
outside the walls of the city to a hill called Golgotha - meaning 'skull' in Aramaic (In Latin: Calvariea
Locus).
The
Carrying of the Cross
Episode
4 of part 2, The Sorrowful Mysteries, of the three-part 1957 documentary series
The Fifteen Mysteries of the Rosary (21:29)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2K-E-Md_wj0
The
soldiers nailed Jesus to his cross.
Pilate ordered a sign above
Jesus.
Latin:
I N R I
IESVS NAZARENVS
REX IVDĆORVM
Jesus of Nazareth
(Jesus the Nazarene), King of the Jews
Greek:
Ἰ
Ν β Ἰ (Ι Ν B Ι)
Ἰησοῦς
ὁ Ναζωραῖος ὁ βασιλεὺς
τῶν Ἰουδαίων
Hebrew:
הויה (Y H W H)
To both sides of Jesus were thieves, one on each side, condemned to die.
Christ on the cross between the two thieves
by Albrecht Altdorfer, 1526
The Execution of Jesus
Episode from the documentary series Mysteries of the
Bible narrated by Richard Kiley and Jeanne Simmons
or
Crucifixion scene from a movie
Who Killed Jesus?
Episode from the BBC documentary series Bible Mysteries
The Jews informed the Romans that the Sabbath began at dusk.
The three crucified men had to die before then. Thus, |
